{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T14:58:46Z","timestamp":1785509926300,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1723680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016003","name":"Istanbul University Cerrahpa\u015fa","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016003","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study aimed to assess the different pathways between predictor factors such as zygosity, atypical swallowing, mouth breathing, breastfeeding and bottle feeding related to anterior open bite (AOB) in twins.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The study was conducted in monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twin children aged 3\u201315 years. AOB, atypical swallowing, mouth breathing, feeding type, duration of bottle use, and mouth opening status during sleep were recorded during oral examination. Partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) and sobel tests were performed to assess the total and indirect effects among the variables on AOB.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A total of 404 children (29.2% MZ;70.8% DZ) participated in this study. The effect of zygosity on mouth breathing in the PLS-SEM model was statistically significant. Conversely, it was determined that mouth breathing effected that atypical swallowing (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). Atypical swallowing triggered AOB (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). The atypical swallowing has a mediation effect between AOB and mouth breathing (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.020). Mouth breathing causes atypical swallowing and therefore indirectly increases the likelihood of AOB.\u00a0While breastfeeding decreases AOB incidence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.023),\u00a0bottle feeding increases AOB incidence (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046).\u00a0The sobel tests show that the fully mediator variable feature of mouth breathing is statistically significant in the negative relation between zygosity and atypical swallowing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The PLS-SEM model showed that mouth breathing triggers atypical swallowing and atypical swallowing triggers AOB. As a result of this chain of relationships, an indirect effect of zygosity on AOB was observed. According to sobel tests, zygosity has an indirect effect on atypical swallowing through mouth breathing, while mouth breathing has a positive indirect effect on AOB through atypical swallowing.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study identified the relationships between different factors and the presence of AOB. The findings of this study demonstrate in detail the relationships between AOB and zygosity, atypical swallowing, mouth breathing, breastfeeding and bottle feeding. Brestfeeding has a reducing effect on the frequency of AOB. Among the nutritional forms, breastfeeding ensures the proper development of the stomatognathic system by working the oro-facial muscles.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05874-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]],"date-time":"2024-08-15T06:02:10Z","timestamp":1723701730000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Analyzing effects on anterior open bite in twins by PLS-SEM and sobel test"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3990-7270","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sinem","family":"Birant","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mert","family":"Veznikli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yelda","family":"Kasimoglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mine","family":"Koruyucu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"At\u0131f Ahmet","family":"Evren","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Figen","family":"Seymen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"5874_CR1","first-page":"43","volume":"17","author":"A Silvestrini-Biavati","year":"2016","unstructured":"Silvestrini-Biavati A, Salamone S, Silvestrini-Biavati F, Agostino P, Ugolini A (2016) Anterior open-bite and sucking habits in Italian preschool children. Eur J Pediatr Dent 17(1):43\u201346","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"5874_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1007\/s00056-016-0029-1","volume":"77","author":"C Rijpstra","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rijpstra C, Lisson JA (2015) Etiology of anterior open bite-a review. J Orofac Orthop 77:281\u2013286","journal-title":"J Orofac Orthop"},{"key":"5874_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2020.12.005","volume":"19","author":"DA Ruiz Gutierrez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruiz Gutierrez DA, Garzon JS, Franco JQ, Botero-Mariaca P (2021) Anterior open bite and its relationship with dental arch dimensions and tongue position during swallowing and phonation in individuals aged 8\u201316 years: a retrospective case-control study. Int Orthod 19:107\u2013116","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"5874_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr110","volume":"35","author":"L Dimberg","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dimberg L, Lennartsson B, Soderfeldt B, Bondemark L (2013) Malocclusioms in children at 3 and 7 years of age: a longitudinal study. Eur J Orthod 35(1):131\u2013137","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"5874_CR5","first-page":"446","volume":"12","author":"IN Izi-Iyamu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Izi-Iyamu IN, Isiekwe MC (2012) Prevalence and factors associated with anterior open bite in 2 to 5 year old children in Benin city. Nigeria Afr Health Sci 12(4):446\u2013451","journal-title":"Nigeria Afr Health Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"5874_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jecm.2013.01.004","volume":"5","author":"LH Lin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lin LH, Huang GW, Chen CS (2013) Etiology and treatment modalities of anterior open bite malocclusion. J Exp Clin Med 5(1):1\u20134","journal-title":"J Exp Clin Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"5874_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-263X.2006.00793.x","volume":"17","author":"KG Peres","year":"2006","unstructured":"Peres KG, Latorre MR, Sheiham A, Peres M, Victora C, Barros F (2006) Social and biological early life infuences on the prevalence of open bite in Brazilian 6-years old. Int J Paediatr Dent 17(1):41\u201349","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"3","key":"5874_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2024.04.001","volume":"19","author":"JY Hsu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hsu JY, Cheng JHC, Feng SW, Lai PC, Yoshida N, Chiang PC (2024) Strategic treatment planning for anterior open bite: a comprehensive approach. J Dent Sci 19(3):1328\u20131337","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"5874_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1617","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm13111617","volume":"13","author":"IM Lone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Lone IM, Zohud O, Midlej K, Paddenberg E, Krohn S, Kirschneck C et al (2023) Anterior Open Bite Malocclusion: from clinical treatment strategies towards the dissection of the genetic bases of the Disease using human and Collaborative Cross Mice Cohorts. J Personalized Med 13(11):1617","journal-title":"J Personalized Med"},{"key":"5874_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2023.06.001","volume":"29","author":"F Artese","year":"2023","unstructured":"Artese F, Fernandes LQP, de Oliveira Caetano SR, Miguel JAM (2023) Early treatment for anterior open bite: choosing adequate treatment approaches. Semin Orthod 29:207\u2013215","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"5874_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-64402011000200009","volume":"22","author":"FM Vasconcelos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vasconcelos FM, Massoni AC, Heimer MV, Ferreira A, Katz RT, Rosenblatt A (2011) Non-nutritive sucking habits, anterior open bite and associated factors in Brazilian children aged 30\u201359 months. Braz Dent J 22(2):140\u2013145","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"issue":"3","key":"5874_CR12","first-page":"197","volume":"70","author":"SW Charchut","year":"2003","unstructured":"Charchut SW, Allred EN, Needleman HL (2003) The effects of infant feeding patternes on the occlusion of the primary dentition. J Dent Child 70(3):197\u2013203","journal-title":"J Dent Child"},{"issue":"5","key":"5874_CR13","first-page":"369","volume":"27","author":"CRT Katz","year":"2005","unstructured":"Katz CRT, Rosenblatt A (2005) Non nutritive sucking habits and anterior open bite in Brazilian children: a longitudinal study. Pediatr Dent 27(5):369\u2013373","journal-title":"Pediatr Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"5874_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjn035","volume":"30","author":"MV Heimer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Heimer MV, Katz CRT, Rosenblatt A (2008) Non-nutritive sucking habits, dental malocclusions, and facial morphology in Brazilian children: a longitudinal study. Eur J Orthod 30(6):580\u2013585","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"5874_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.2319\/101615-699.1","volume":"86","author":"M Kn\u00f6sel","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kn\u00f6sel M, N\u00fcser C, Jung K, Helms HJ, Engelke W, Sandoval P (2016) Interaction between deglutition, tongue posture, and malocclusion: a comparison of intraoral compartment formation in subjects with neutral occlusion or different types of malocclusion. Angle Orthod 86(5):697\u2013705","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"5874_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.19.5.103-109.oar","volume":"19","author":"DB Machado","year":"2014","unstructured":"Machado DB, Brizon VS, Ambrosano GM, Madureira DF, Gomes VE, de Oliveira AC (2014) Factors associated with the prevalence of anterior open bite among preschool children: a population-based study in Brazil. Dent Press J Orthod 19(5):103\u2013109","journal-title":"Dent Press J Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"5874_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.2753\/MTP1069-6679190202","volume":"19","author":"JF Hair","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hair JF, Ringle CM, Sarstedt M (2011) PLS-SEM: indeed a silver bullet. J Market Theory Pract 19(2):139\u2013152","journal-title":"J Market Theory Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"5874_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3390\/dj12020021","volume":"12","author":"C G\u00f3mez-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2024","unstructured":"G\u00f3mez-Gonz\u00e1lez C, Gonz\u00e1lez-Mosquera A, Alkhraisat MH, Anitua E (2024) Mouth Breathing and its impact on atypical swallowing: a systematic review and Meta-analysis. Dentistry J 12(2):21","journal-title":"Dentistry J"},{"issue":"2","key":"5874_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1108\/EBR-10-2013-0128","volume":"26","author":"J Hair Jr","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hair J Jr, Sarstedt M, Hopkins L, Kuppelwieser VG (2014) Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM): an Emerging Tool in Business Research. Eur Busin Rev 26(2):106\u2013112","journal-title":"Eur Busin Rev"},{"key":"5874_CR20","unstructured":"Preacher KJ, Leonardelli GJ (2010) Calculation fort he sobel test. [accessed 2022 Dec 14]. http:\/\/www.quantpsy.org\/sobel\/sobel.htm"},{"key":"5874_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1007\/s11747-014-0403-8","volume":"43","author":"J Henseler","year":"2015","unstructured":"Henseler J, Ringle C, Sarsted M (2015) A new criterion for assesing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. J Acad Market Sci 43:115\u2013135","journal-title":"J Acad Market Sci"},{"key":"5874_CR22","volume-title":"Multivariate data analysis","author":"J Hair","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hair J, Black W, Babin B, Anderson R, Tatham R (2006) Multivariate data analysis. Pearson Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"5874_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X9301700202","volume":"17","author":"DP MacKinnon","year":"1993","unstructured":"MacKinnon DP, Dwyer JH (1993) Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies. Evaluat Rev 17(2):144\u2013158","journal-title":"Evaluat Rev"},{"issue":"1","key":"5874_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr3001_3","volume":"30","author":"DP MacKinnon","year":"1995","unstructured":"MacKinnon DP, Warsi G, Dwyer JH (1995) A simulation study of mediated effect measures. Multiv Behav Res 30(1):41\u201362","journal-title":"Multiv Behav Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"5874_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.17126\/joralres.2016.052","volume":"5","author":"MX Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez MX, Mafla AC (2016) Occlusal and cephalometric characteristics of anterior open-bite among Colombian 5\u201310 years old school children. J Oral Res 5(6):232\u2013239","journal-title":"J Oral Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"5874_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1590\/0103-6440201300003","volume":"25","author":"RV De Sousa","year":"2014","unstructured":"De Sousa RV, Lima G, Ribeiro A, Targino R (2014) Prevalence and associated factors for the development of anterior open bite and posterior crossbite in the primary dentition. Braz Dent J 25(4):336\u2013342","journal-title":"Braz Dent J"},{"issue":"2","key":"5874_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12227","volume":"27","author":"AADSJ Lima","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lima AADSJ, Alves CMC, Ribeiro CCC, Pereira ALP, da Silva AAM, Silva LFGE, Thomaz EBAF (2017) Effects of conventional and orthodontic pacifiers on the dental occlusion of children aged 24\u201336 months old. Int J Paediatr Dent 27(2):108\u2013119","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"5874_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12725","volume":"31","author":"RB Moraes","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moraes RB, Knorst JK, Pfeifer ABR, Vargas-Ferreira F, Ardenghi TM (2021) Pathways to anterior open bite after changing of pacifier sucking habit in preschool children: a cohort study. Int J Paediatr Dent 31(2):278\u2013284","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"8","key":"5874_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2018.1472294","volume":"76","author":"MC Gomes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gomes MC, Neves ETB, Perazzo MF, Martins CC, Paiva SM, Granville-Garcia AF (2018) Association between psychological factors, socio-demographic conditions, oral habits and anterior open bite in five-year-old children. Acta Odont Scand 76(8):553\u2013558","journal-title":"Acta Odont Scand"},{"issue":"2","key":"5874_CR30","first-page":"271","volume":"35","author":"C Laudadio","year":"2021","unstructured":"Laudadio C, Inchingolo AD, Malcangi G, Limongelli L, Marinelli G, Coloccia G, Montenegro V, Patano A, Inchingolo F, Bordea IR et al (2021) Management of anterior open-bite in the deciduous, mixed and permanent dentition stage: a descriptive review. J Biol Regul Homeost Agents 35(2):271\u2013281","journal-title":"J Biol Regul Homeost Agents"},{"issue":"1","key":"5874_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-016-0142-0","volume":"17","author":"L Pisani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Pisani L, Bonaccorso L, Fastuca R, Spena R, Lombardo L, Caprioglio A (2016) Systematic review for orthodontic and orthopedic treatments for anterior open bite in the mixed dentition. Prog Orthod 17(1):28","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"5874_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.03.009","volume":"125","author":"T Fujiki","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fujiki T, Inoue M, Miyawaki S, Toshikazu Nagasaki KT, Takano-Yamamoto T (2004) Relationship between maxilofacial morphology and deglutitive tongue movement in patients with anterior open bite. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 125(2):160\u2013167","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"5874_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1590\/S0104-56872005000300003","volume":"17","author":"CT Maciel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Maciel CT, Leite IC (2005) Aspectos etiol\u00f3gicos Da mordida aberta anterior e suas implica\u00e7\u00f5es Nas fun\u00e7\u00f5es orofaciais. Pro Fono 17(3):293\u2013302","journal-title":"Pro Fono"},{"issue":"1\/2","key":"5874_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.14295\/bds.2010.v13i1\/2.20","volume":"13","author":"L Marcomini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Marcomini L, Santamaria M Jr, Lucato AS, Santos JCB, Tubel CAM (2010) Prevalence of malocclusion and its relationship with functional changes in the breathing and in the swallowing. Braz Dent Sci 13(1\/2):52\u201358","journal-title":"Braz Dent Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"5874_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12820","volume":"46","author":"K Kurihara","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kurihara K, Fukui T, Sakaue K, Hori K, Ono T, Saito I (2019) The effect of tongue thrusting on tongue pressure production during swallowing in adult anterior open bite cases. J Rehabil 46(10):895\u2013902","journal-title":"J Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"5874_CR36","first-page":"217","volume":"63","author":"C Maspero","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maspero C, Prevedello C, Giannini L, Galbiati G, Farronato G (2014) Atypical swallowing: a review. Minerva Stomatol 63(6):217\u2013227","journal-title":"Minerva Stomatol"},{"key":"5874_CR37","first-page":"370","volume":"10","author":"CM de Lemos","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Lemos CM, de Souza Junqueira PA, Gomez MVSG, de Faria MEJ, de C\u00e1ssia Basso S (2006) Study of the relationship between the dentition and the swallowing of mouth breathers. Int Arch Otorhinplaryngol 10:370","journal-title":"Int Arch Otorhinplaryngol"},{"key":"5874_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3147972","volume":"2016","author":"AA Daer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Daer AA, Abuaffan AH (2016) Skeletal and dentoalveolar cephalometric features of anterior open bite among Yemeni adults. Scientifica 2016:1\u20135","journal-title":"Scientifica"},{"issue":"8","key":"5874_CR39","first-page":"1","volume":"19","author":"KM Schmid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Schmid KM, Kugler R, Nalabothu P, Bosch C, Verna C (2018) The effect of pacifier sucking on orofacial structures: a systematic literature review. Prog Orthod 19(8):1\u201311","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05874-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05874-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05874-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T11:12:48Z","timestamp":1726744368000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05874-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5874"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05874-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 August 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 August 2024","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was provided by the reference no.2014\/278 according to the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"All participants received printed information sheets regarding the aims and scope of the study and signed a written informed consent form before being included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"488"}}