{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T19:29:20Z","timestamp":1791314960224,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726876800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726876800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007594","name":"Comenius University in Bratislava","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007594","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Aim of this study was to analyse causal microbiological agents and their bacterial resistance in orofacial infections requiring hospital admission.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Presented is a 10-year retrospective study of patients hospitalised at a single department in 2014\u20132023. 744 patients were involved. In the statistical analysis, following data was evaluated: causal microbes and their resistance to Penicillin, Amoxicillin-Clavulanate, Clindamycin and Metronidazole.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Most frequent aetiology was odontogenic with causal tooth in socket (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009468; 62,9%), followed by odontogenic \u2013 post extraction (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009152; 20.4%), jaw fracture (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200941; 5.5%), sialadenitis <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200931 (4.2%), osteonecrosis <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200922 (3.0%), oncological diagnosis in head and neck (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200917; 2.3%), unknown (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200910; 1.3%) and multiple factors (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093; 0.4%). 408 patients (54.8%) underwent extraoral abscess revision, 336 patients (45.2%) patients were treated locally without extraoral revision. In odontogenic group with tooth still present, superior CRP (m\u2009=\u2009145.8\u00a0mg\/l; SD\u2009=\u2009117.7) and leukocyte values (m\u2009=\u200913.6*10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup>l; SD\u2009=\u20096.6) were observed in comparison to other groups. There were 698 cultivated bacteria in 362 patients. Most frequent bacteria were Streptococci (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009162; 23.2%), Prevotella (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200983; 11.2%) and Parvimonas (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200965; 9.3%). Clindamycin resistance was highest (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009180 resistant bacteria; 25.8%), followed by Metronidazole (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009178; 25.5%), Penicillin (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009107; 15.3%) and Amoxicillin-Clavulanate (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200934; 4.9%).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Orofacial infections in head and neck region are mostly of odontogenic origin with causal tooth still in socket. Causal bacteria show a high antibiotic resistance rate, especially to Clindamycin and Metronidazole.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Acquired data will be used to determine guidelines for empirical antibiotic prescription in cases of orofacial infections.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05937-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]],"date-time":"2024-09-21T13:01:47Z","timestamp":1726923707000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Antibiotic susceptibility of orofacial infections in Bratislava: a 10-year retrospective study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Michal","family":"Vavro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bronislava","family":"Dvoranov\u00e1","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ladislav","family":"Czak\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kristi\u00e1n","family":"\u0160imko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Branislav","family":"G\u00e1lis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"5937_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eshghpour M, Sabouri M, Labafchi A, Shooshtari Z, Samieirad S (2021) Maxillofacial infections: a 5-year assessment of the epidemiology and etiology in an Iranian population. 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