{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T23:54:20Z","timestamp":1772236460760,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738281600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Oral and periodontal health have been linked to systemic health, cardiovascular disease and inflammation markers. Physical fitness has been linked to increased inflammatory response, but only few studies have investigated the association between oral health with physical activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between oral and periodontal health status and physical fitness in British law enforcement workers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>89 subjects were recruited between November and December 2019. Cardiopulmonary fitness was measured by Maximal Oxygen Uptake (VO<jats:sub>2max<\/jats:sub>) (ml\/kg\/min) and Maximum Load (Load<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub>) (W) generated at the end of the Bruce incremental treadmill test; physical activity levels through accelerometers; functional strength tests by Countermovement Jump (CMJ) Power (W) and Height (cm) average. Oral variables included percentage of sites with PPD\u2009&gt;\u20094\u00a0mm (% PPD\u2009&gt;\u20094), full-mouth bleeding score (FMBS) and Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Linear regression models were adjusted for age, gender and fat %.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Mean age was 41.5 years (range 23\u201361; 71.9% male). Higher % PPD\u2009&gt;\u20094 was consistently correlated with lower Load<jats:sub>max<\/jats:sub> (-4.96; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.092), CMJ Height average (-0.39; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.064), and press-ups in 60\u00a0s (-0.85; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.052) though the associations were not statistically significant. FMBS was associated with the % of a day spent in sedentary (0.78; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.030) and light activities (-0.75; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.022).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Periodontitis may be negatively associated with certain components of physical performance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Oral health status may be associated with physical fitness and functional strength.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-06135-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T03:10:22Z","timestamp":1738293022000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Association between periodontitis and physical fitness in law enforcement workers"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9945-0666","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jacopo","family":"Buti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"F.","family":"Ronca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. W.","family":"Burgess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Ashley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"I.","family":"Needleman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6135_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0721","volume":"89","author":"PN Papapanou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH, Flemmig TF, Garcia R, Giannobile WV, Graziani F, Greenwell H, Herrera D, Kao RT, Kebschull M, Kinane DF, Kirkwood KL, Kocher T, Kornman KS, Kumar PS, Loos BG, Machtei E, Meng H, Mombelli A, Needleman I, Offenbacher S, Seymour GJ, Teles R, Tonetti MS (2018) Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World workshop on the classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant diseases and conditions. J Periodontol 89(Suppl 1):S173\u2013S182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JPER.17-0721","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"6135_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034514552491","volume":"93","author":"NJ Kassebaum","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kassebaum NJ, Bernabe E, Dahiya M, Bhandari B, Murray CJ, Marcenes W (2014) Global burden of severe periodontitis in 1990\u20132010: a systematic review and meta-regression. J Dent Res 93:1045\u20131053. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022034514552491","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"6135_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.2017.224","volume":"222","author":"T Dietrich","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dietrich T, Webb I, Stenhouse L, Pattni A, Ready D, Wanyonyi KL, White S, Gallagher JE (2017) Evidence summary: the relationship between oral and cardiovascular disease. Br Dent J 222:381\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/sj.bdj.2017.224","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"6135_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5334\/gh.400","volume":"15","author":"M Sanz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sanz M, Del Castillo AM, Jepsen S, Gonzalez-Juanatey JR, D\u2019Aiuto F, Bouchard P, Chapple I, Dietrich T, Gotsman I, Graziani F, Herrera D, Loos B, Madianos P, Michel JB, Perel P, Pieske B, Shapira L, Shechter M, Tonetti M, Vlachopoulos C, Wimmer G (2020) Periodontitis and Cardiovascular diseases. Consensus Rep Glob Heart 15:1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5334\/gh.400","journal-title":"Consensus Rep Glob Heart"},{"key":"6135_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD004714","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD004714.pub4","volume":"4","author":"TC Simpson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Simpson TC, Clarkson JE, Worthington HV, MacDonald L, Weldon JC, Needleman I, Iheozor-Ejiofor Z, Wild SH, Qureshi A, Walker A, Patel VA, Boyers D, Twigg J (2022) Treatment of periodontitis for glycaemic control in people with diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 4:CD004714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD004714.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"6135_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01784.x","volume":"39","author":"I Tomas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tomas I, Diz P, Tobias A, Scully C, Donos N (2012) Periodontal health status and bacteraemia from daily oral activities: systematic review\/meta-analysis. J Clin Periodontol 39:213\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01784.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"6135_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S51","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2013.134006","volume":"84","author":"HA Schenkein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schenkein HA, Loos BG (2013) Inflammatory mechanisms linking periodontal diseases to cardiovascular diseases. J Periodontol 84:S51\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2013.134006","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"6135_CR8","volume-title":"ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription","author":"Pescatello LSARRDTPDACoSMLW and Wilkins","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pescatello LSARRDTPDACoSMLW and Wilkins (2014) ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Wolters Kluwer Health\/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia"},{"key":"6135_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00653.x","volume":"11","author":"M Fogelholm","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fogelholm M (2010) Physical activity, fitness and fatness: relations to mortality, morbidity and disease risk factors. A systematic review. Obes Rev 11:202\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-789X.2009.00653.x","journal-title":"Obes Rev"},{"key":"6135_CR10","volume-title":"Book title","author":"CPTDD Farnsworth","year":"2008","unstructured":"Farnsworth CPTDD, Cannon M (2008) Chap. 39 - Exercise prescription. In: Seidenberg PH, Beutler AI (eds) Book title. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia"},{"key":"6135_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paffenbarger RS, Blair SN, Lee IM, Hyde RT (1993) Measurement of physical activity to assess health effects in free-living populations, vol 25. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199301000-00010"},{"key":"6135_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"LaMonte MJ, Blair SN (2006) Physical activity, cardiorespiratory fitness, and adiposity: contributions to disease risk. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metabolic Care 9","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mco.0000241662.92642.08"},{"key":"6135_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.013","volume":"59","author":"DC Lee","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lee DC, Sui X, Church TS, Lavie CJ, Jackson AS, Blair SN (2012) Changes in fitness and fatness on the development of cardiovascular disease risk factors: hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and hypercholesterolemia. J Am Coll Cardiol 59:665\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.013","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"6135_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2009.681","volume":"301","author":"S Kodama","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kodama S, Saito K, Tanaka S, Maki M, Yachi Y, Asumi M, Sugawara A, Totsuka K, Shimano H, Ohashi Y, Yamada N, Sone H (2009) Cardiorespiratory Fitness as a quantitative predictor of all-cause Mortality and Cardiovascular events in healthy men and women: a Meta-analysis. JAMA 301:2024\u20132035. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2009.681","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"6135_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.11.020","volume":"88","author":"CJ Lavie","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lavie CJ, Cahalin LP, Chase P, Myers J, Bensimhon D, Peberdy MA, Ashley E, West E, Forman DE, Guazzi M, Arena R (2013) Impact of cardiorespiratory fitness on the obesity paradox in patients with heart failure. Mayo Clin Proc 88:251\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.11.020","journal-title":"Mayo Clin Proc"},{"key":"6135_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.09.002","volume":"56","author":"VW Barry","year":"2014","unstructured":"Barry VW, Baruth M, Beets MW, Durstine JL, Liu J, Blair SN (2014) Fitness vs. fatness on all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 56:382\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.09.002","journal-title":"Prog Cardiovasc Dis"},{"key":"6135_CR17","volume-title":"WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour","author":"O World Health","year":"2020","unstructured":"World Health O (2020) WHO guidelines on physical activity and sedentary behaviour. World Health Organization, Geneva"},{"key":"6135_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-051x.1999.261006.x","volume":"26","author":"K Wakai","year":"1999","unstructured":"Wakai K, Kawamura T, Umemura O, Hara Y, Machida J, Anno T, Ichihara Y, Mizuno Y, Tamakoshi A, Lin Y, Nakayama T, Ohno Y (1999) Associations of medical status and physical fitness with periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol 26:664\u2013672. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-051x.1999.261006.x","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"6135_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2010.100017","volume":"81","author":"Y Shimazaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shimazaki Y, Egami Y, Matsubara T, Koike G, Akifusa S, Jingu S, Yamashita Y (2010) Relationship between obesity and physical fitness and periodontitis. J Periodontol 81:1124\u20131131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2010.100017","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"6135_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12183","volume":"41","author":"J Eberhard","year":"2014","unstructured":"Eberhard J, Stiesch M, Kerling A, Bara C, Eulert C, Hilfiker-Kleiner D, Hilfiker A, Budde E, Bauersachs J, Kuck M, Haverich A, Melk A, Tegtbur U (2014) Moderate and severe periodontitis are independent risk factors associated with low cardiorespiratory fitness in sedentary non-smoking men aged between 45 and 65 years. J Clin Periodontol 41:31\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12183","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"6135_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e92441","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0092441","volume":"9","author":"A Thai","year":"2014","unstructured":"Thai A, Papapanou PN, Jacobs DR Jr., Desvarieux M, Demmer RT (2014) Periodontal infection and cardiorespiratory fitness in younger adults: results from continuous national health and nutrition examination survey 1999\u20132004. PLoS ONE 9:e92441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0092441","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6135_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2014.140270","volume":"86","author":"JA Oliveira","year":"2015","unstructured":"Oliveira JA, Hoppe CB, Gomes MS, Grecca FS, Haas AN (2015) Periodontal disease as a risk indicator for poor physical fitness: a cross-sectional observational study. J Periodontol 86:44\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1902\/jop.2014.140270","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"6135_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1111\/iej.12686","volume":"50","author":"CB Hoppe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hoppe CB, Oliveira JAP, Grecca FS, Haas AN, Gomes MS (2017) Association between chronic oral inflammatory burden and physical fitness in males: a cross-sectional observational study. Int Endod J 50:740\u2013749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/iej.12686","journal-title":"Int Endod J"},{"key":"6135_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12732","volume":"44","author":"MS Tonetti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tonetti MS, Jepsen S, Jin L, Otomo-Corgel J (2017) Impact of the global burden of periodontal diseases on health, nutrition and wellbeing of mankind: a call for global action. J Clin Periodontol 44:456\u2013462. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12732","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"6135_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","volume":"61","author":"E von Elm","year":"2008","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP (2008) The strengthening the reporting of Observational studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epidemiol 61:344\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"6135_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108805","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108805","volume":"196","author":"J Crum","year":"2024","unstructured":"Crum J, Ronca F, Herbert G, Carmona E, Jones I, Hakim U, Hamer M, Hirsch J, Hamilton A, Tachtsidis I, Burgess PW (2024) Body fat predictive of acute effects of exercise on prefrontal hemodynamics and speed. Neuropsychologia 196:108805. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2024.108805","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"6135_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13253","volume":"22","author":"BG Loos","year":"2020","unstructured":"Loos BG, Needleman I (2020) Endpoints of active periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 47 Suppl 22:61\u201371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.13253","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol 47 Suppl"},{"key":"6135_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1097\/00008483-200007000-00007","volume":"20","author":"J Myers","year":"2000","unstructured":"Myers J, Voodi L, Umann T, Froelicher VF (2000) A survey of exercise testing: methods, utilization, interpretation, and safety in the VAHCS. J Cardiopulm Rehabil 20:251\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00008483-200007000-00007","journal-title":"J Cardiopulm Rehabil"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"6135_CR29","first-page":"1","volume":"83","author":"K Wasserman","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wasserman K, Stringer WW, Casaburi R, Koike A, Cooper CB (1994) Determination of the anaerobic threshold by gas exchange: biochemical considerations, methodology and physiological effects. Z Kardiol 83(Suppl 3):1\u201312","journal-title":"Z Kardiol"},{"key":"6135_CR30","volume-title":"ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription","author":"MHBPHORMALE Whaley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Whaley MHBPHORMALE (2006) ACSM\u2019s guidelines for exercise testing and prescription. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, Pa"},{"key":"6135_CR31","unstructured":"\u00c5strand PO, Rodahl K, Dahl H, Str\u00f8mme SB (2003) Textbook of Work Physiology. Physiological Bases of Exercise. Human Kinetics"},{"key":"6135_CR32","volume-title":"Book title","author":"PA Deuster","year":"2008","unstructured":"Deuster PA, Heled Y (2008) Chap. 41 - testing for maximal Aerobic Power. In: Seidenberg PH, Beutler AI (eds) Book title. W.B. Saunders, Philadelphia"},{"key":"6135_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1002\/bimj.201700067","volume":"60","author":"G Heinze","year":"2018","unstructured":"Heinze G, Wallisch C, Dunkler D (2018) Variable selection - A review and recommendations for the practicing statistician. Biom J 60:431\u2013449. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bimj.201700067","journal-title":"Biom J"},{"key":"6135_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1123\/jab.13.1.24","volume":"13","author":"LF Arag\u00f3n-Vargas","year":"1997","unstructured":"Arag\u00f3n-Vargas LF, Gross MM (1997) Kinesiological factors in Vertical Jump performance: differences among individuals. J Appl Biomech 13:24\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1123\/jab.13.1.24","journal-title":"J Appl Biomech"},{"key":"6135_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.70252\/XAOA6454","volume":"13","author":"AA Souza","year":"2020","unstructured":"Souza AA, Bottaro M, Rocha VA, Lage V, Tufano JJ, Vieira A (2020) Reliability and test-retest agreement of mechanical variables obtained during Countermovement Jump. Int J Exerc Sci 13:6\u201317","journal-title":"Int J Exerc Sci"},{"key":"6135_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"An HR, Choi JS (2022) Association between Handgrip Strength and Periodontitis in Korean adults aged\u2009\u2265\u200930 years: data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2014\u20132015). Int J Environ Res Public Health 19. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph191710598","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph191710598"},{"key":"6135_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2019.00234","volume":"10","author":"RO Ferreira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferreira RO, Corr\u00eaa MG, Magno MB, Almeida A, Fagundes NCF, Rosing CK, Maia LC, Lima RR (2019) Physical activity reduces the prevalence of Periodontal Disease: systematic review and Meta-analysis. Front Physiol 10:234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2019.00234","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"6135_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e03774","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03774","volume":"6","author":"T Bramantoro","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bramantoro T, Hariyani N, Setyowati D, Purwanto B, Zulfiana AA, Irmalia WR (2020) The impact of oral health on physical fitness: a systematic review. Heliyon 6:e03774. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.heliyon.2020.e03774","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"6135_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12531","volume":"43","author":"M Eremenko","year":"2016","unstructured":"Eremenko M, Pink C, Biffar R, Schmidt CO, Ittermann T, Kocher T, Meisel P (2016) Cross-sectional association between physical strength, obesity, periodontitis and number of teeth in a general population. J Clin Periodontol 43:401\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12531","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"6135_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.13190","volume":"63","author":"G Tsakos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tsakos G, Watt RG, Rouxel PL, de Oliveira C, Demakakos P (2015) Tooth loss associated with physical and cognitive decline in older adults. J Am Geriatr Soc 63:91\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jgs.13190","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"6135_CR41","first-page":"136","volume":"22 2","author":"M Yoshida","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yoshida M, Kikutani T, Okada G, Kawamura T, Kimura M, Akagawa Y (2009) The effect of tooth loss on body balance control among community-dwelling elderly persons. Int J Prosthodont 22 2:136\u2013139","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"6135_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.139477","volume":"586","author":"RM Enoka","year":"2008","unstructured":"Enoka RM, Duchateau J (2008) Muscle fatigue: what, why and how it influences muscle function. J Physiol 586:11\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jphysiol.2007.139477","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"key":"6135_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2012.00082","volume":"3","author":"TD Noakes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Noakes TD (2012) Fatigue is a brain-derived emotion that regulates the Exercise Behavior to ensure the Protection of whole body homeostasis. Front Physiol 3:82. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphys.2012.00082","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"6135_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1007\/s004210170002","volume":"84","author":"DL MacIntyre","year":"2001","unstructured":"MacIntyre DL, Sorichter S, Mair J, Berg A, McKenzie DC (2001) Markers of inflammation and myofibrillar proteins following eccentric exercise in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol 84:180\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s004210170002","journal-title":"Eur J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"6135_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2032","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000099112.32342.10","volume":"35","author":"T Phillips","year":"2003","unstructured":"Phillips T, Childs AC, Dreon DM, Phinney S, Leeuwenburgh C (2003) A dietary supplement attenuates IL-6 and CRP after eccentric exercise in untrained males. Med Sci Sports Exerc 35:2032\u20132037. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1249\/01.MSS.0000099112.32342.10","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"6135_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199503000-00012","volume":"27","author":"FX Pizza","year":"1995","unstructured":"Pizza FX, Mitchell JB, Davis BH, Starling RD, Holtz RW, Bigelow N (1995) Exercise-induced muscle damage: effect on circulating leukocyte and lymphocyte subsets. Med Sci Sports Exerc 27:363\u2013370","journal-title":"Med Sci Sports Exerc"},{"key":"6135_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1344","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpregu.00141.2006","volume":"291","author":"MD Carmichael","year":"2006","unstructured":"Carmichael MD, Davis JM, Murphy EA, Brown AS, Carson JA, Mayer EP, Ghaffar A (2006) Role of brain IL-1beta on fatigue after exercise-induced muscle damage. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 291:R1344\u2013R1348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpregu.00141.2006","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol"},{"key":"6135_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E206","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.1.E206","volume":"279","author":"LF Del Aguila","year":"2000","unstructured":"Del Aguila LF, Krishnan RK, Ulbrecht JS, Farrell PA, Correll PH, Lang CH, Zierath JR, Kirwan JP (2000) Muscle damage impairs insulin stimulation of IRS-1, PI 3-kinase, and akt-kinase in human skeletal muscle. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 279:E206\u2013E212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpendo.2000.279.1.E206","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"6135_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91566-0","volume":"654","author":"LR Watkins","year":"1994","unstructured":"Watkins LR, Wiertelak EP, Goehler LE, Smith KP, Martin D, Maier SF (1994) Characterization of cytokine-induced hyperalgesia. Brain Res 654:15\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(94)91566-0","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"6135_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092891","volume":"47","author":"I Needleman","year":"2013","unstructured":"Needleman I, Ashley P, Petrie A, Fortune F, Turner W, Jones J, Niggli J, Engebretsen L, Budgett R, Donos N, Clough T, Porter S (2013) Oral health and impact on performance of athletes participating in the London 2012 Olympic games: a cross-sectional study. Br J Sports Med 47:1054\u20131058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2013-092891","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"6135_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094953","volume":"50","author":"I Needleman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Needleman I, Ashley P, Meehan L, Petrie A, Weiler R, McNally S, Ayer C, Hanna R, Hunt I, Kell S, Ridgewell P, Taylor R (2016) Poor oral health including active caries in 187 UK professional male football players: clinical dental examination performed by dentists. Br J Sports Med 50:41\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bjsports-2015-094953","journal-title":"Br J Sports Med"},{"key":"6135_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12392","volume":"46","author":"J Gallagher","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gallagher J, Ashley P, Petrie A, Needleman I (2018) Oral health and performance impacts in elite and professional athletes. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 46:563\u2013568. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdoe.12392","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"6135_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000759","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-000759","volume":"6","author":"J Gallagher","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gallagher J, Ashley P, Needleman I (2020) Implementation of a behavioural change intervention to enhance oral health behaviours in elite athletes: a feasibility study. BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med 6:e000759. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjsem-2020-000759","journal-title":"BMJ Open Sport Exerc Med"},{"key":"6135_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jjcc.2020.07.016","volume":"77","author":"M Ogawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ogawa M, Satomi-Kobayashi S, Yoshida N, Tsuboi Y, Komaki K, Nanba N, Izawa KP, Sakai Y, Akashi M, Hirata KI (2021) Relationship between oral health and physical frailty in patients with cardiovascular disease. J Cardiol 77:131\u2013138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jjcc.2020.07.016","journal-title":"J Cardiol"},{"key":"6135_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1190","DOI":"10.1111\/sms.13433","volume":"29","author":"L Smith","year":"2019","unstructured":"Smith L, Yang L, Hamer M (2019) Handgrip strength, inflammatory markers, and mortality. Scand J Med Sci Sports 29:1190\u20131196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sms.13433","journal-title":"Scand J Med Sci Sports"},{"key":"6135_CR56","first-page":"101","volume":"17","author":"HM Phan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Phan HM, Alpert JS, Fain M (2008) Frailty, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease: evidence of a connection. Am J Geriatr Cardiol 17:101\u2013107","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Cardiol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-024-06135-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-024-06135-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-024-06135-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,4]],"date-time":"2025-03-04T10:16:46Z","timestamp":1741083406000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-024-06135-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["6135"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-024-06135-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 April 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 December 2024","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was granted by the UCL Research Ethics Committee in the line with the Declaration of Helsinki (ID Number: 13985\/004).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Financial Interests: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. University College London paid salaries to J.B., F.R., P.B., P.A. and I.N. I.A. is an ad hoc advisor and holder of small amount of equity in company developing microbial products for health and wellbeing (Vedanta Biosciences).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"99"}}