{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:27:35Z","timestamp":1786980455331,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]],"date-time":"2025-01-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737936000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Klinikum der Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"Abstract<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n Evaluation of the accuracy of direct digitization of maxillary scans depending on the scanning strategy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A maxillary model with a metal bar as a reference structure fixed between the second molars was digitized using the CEREC Primescan AC scanner (\n N<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u2009225 scans). Nine scanning strategies were selected (\n n<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u200925 scans per strategy), differing in scan area segmentation (F\u2009=\u2009full jaw, H\u2009=\u2009half jaw, S\u2009=\u2009sextant) and scan movement pattern (L\u2009=\u2009linear, Z\u2009=\u2009zig-zag, C\u2009=\u2009combined). Trueness was assessed by evaluating linear differences in the X, Y, and Z axes and angular deviations (\u03b1 axial, \u03b1 coronal, \u03b1 total) compared to a reference dataset. Statistical differences were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests (p<0.017). Precision was analyzed by the standard deviation of linear and angular aberrations (ISO 5725-1) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.05).\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n Strategy F\n L<\/jats:sub>\n showed significantly higher trueness and precision than F\n Z<\/jats:sub>\n for VE (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.009), V\n E<\/jats:sub>\n (y) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.010), \u03b1\n overall<\/jats:sub>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.004), and \u03b1\n axial<\/jats:sub>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002). Strategy F\n C<\/jats:sub>\n demonstrated significantly better trueness than F\n Z<\/jats:sub>\n for VE (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.007), \u03b1\n overall<\/jats:sub>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.010), and \u03b1\n coronal<\/jats:sub>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.013). For scan segmentation, F\n L<\/jats:sub>\n showed better trueness for V\n E<\/jats:sub>\n (y) (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001) and \u03b1\n axial<\/jats:sub>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009<\u20090.001) than H\n L<\/jats:sub>\n . Strategy H\n L<\/jats:sub>\n showed better trueness for V\n E<\/jats:sub>\n (z) than for F\n L<\/jats:sub>\n and S\n L<\/jats:sub>\n (\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.001,\n p<\/jats:italic>\n \u2009=\u20090.002). The scanning patterns F\n L<\/jats:sub>\n , F\n C<\/jats:sub>\n , and H\n L<\/jats:sub>\n exhibited the best performance for trueness and precision.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n Scanning motion and segmentation have a significant impact on the trueness and precision of full-arch scans.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n The scanning strategy is decisive in enhancing the clinical workflow and the accuracy of full-arch scans.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06154-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,26]],"date-time":"2025-01-26T19:08:16Z","timestamp":1737918496000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Accuracy of full arch scans performed with nine different scanning patterns\u2013 an in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Schl\u00f6gl","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jan-Frederik","family":"G\u00fcth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christine","family":"Keul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"6154_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1902-4","volume":"21","author":"JF G\u00fcth","year":"2017","unstructured":"G\u00fcth JF, Runkel C, Beuer F, Stimmelmayr M, Edelhoff D, Keul C (2017) Accuracy of five intraoral scanners compared to indirect digitalization. Clin Oral Investig 21:1445\u20131455","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"6154_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5161","DOI":"10.3390\/app11115161","volume":"11","author":"C K\u00fchne","year":"2021","unstructured":"K\u00fchne C, Lohbauer U, Raith S, Reich S (2021) Measurement of tooth wear by means of digital impressions: an in-vitro evaluation of three intraoral scanning systems. Appl Sci 11:5161","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"6154_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2019-224","volume":"39","author":"K Suese","year":"2020","unstructured":"Suese K (2020) Progress in digital dentistry: the practical use of intraoral scanners. Dent Mater J 39:717\u2013722","journal-title":"Dent Mater J"},{"key":"6154_CR4","unstructured":"Schweiger J, Kieschnick A (2020) CAD\/CAM in digital dentistry. teamwork media GmbH"},{"key":"6154_CR5","first-page":"367","volume":"20","author":"P Rehmann","year":"2017","unstructured":"Rehmann P, Sichwardt V, W\u00f6stmann B (2017) Intraoral scanning systems: need for maintenance. Int J Comput Dent 20:367\u2013373","journal-title":"Int J Comput Dent"},{"key":"6154_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.12.011","volume":"125","author":"CCD Resende","year":"2021","unstructured":"Resende CCD, Barbosa TAQ, Moura GF, Tavares LN, Rizzante FAP, George FM, Neves FD, Mendon\u00e7a G (2021) Influence of operator experience, scanner type, and scan size on 3D scans. J Prosthet Dent 125:294\u2013299","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"6154_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.4047\/jap.2022.14.2.88","volume":"14","author":"HY Mai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mai HY, Lee CH, Lee KB, Kim SY, Lee JM, Lee KW, Lee DH (2022) Impact of scanning strategy on the accuracy of complete-arch intraoral scans: a preliminary study on segmental scans and merge methods. J Adv Prosthodont 14:88\u201395","journal-title":"J Adv Prosthodont"},{"key":"6154_CR8","first-page":"307","volume":"22","author":"L Passos","year":"2019","unstructured":"Passos [19] L, Meiga S, Brigag\u00e3o V, Street A (2019) Impact of different scanning strategies on the accuracy of two current intraoral scanning systems in complete-arch impressions: an in vitro study. Int J Comput Dent 22:307\u2013319","journal-title":"Int J Comput Dent"},{"key":"6154_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.11607\/ijp.6233","volume":"34","author":"A Schmidt","year":"2021","unstructured":"Schmidt A, Benedickt CR, Schlenz MA, Rehmann P, W\u00f6stmann B (2021) Accuracy of four different intraoral scanners according to different preparation geometries. Int J Prosthodont 34:756\u2013762","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"key":"6154_CR10","first-page":"9","volume":"46","author":"A Ender","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ender A, Mehl A (2015) In-vitro evaluation of the accuracy of conventional and digital methods of obtaining full-arch dental impressions. Quintessence Int 46:9\u201317","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"6154_CR11","first-page":"11","volume":"14","author":"A Ender","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ender A, Mehl A (2011) Full arch scans: conventional versus digital impressions\u2014an in-vitro study. Int J Comput Dent 14:11\u201321","journal-title":"Int J Comput Dent"},{"key":"6154_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1487","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1626-x","volume":"20","author":"JF G\u00fcth","year":"2016","unstructured":"G\u00fcth JF, Edelhoff D, Schweiger J, Keul C (2016) A new method for the evaluation of the accuracy of full-arch digital impressions in vitro. Clin Oral Investig 20:1487\u20131494","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"6154_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-02965-2","volume":"24","author":"C Keul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keul C, G\u00fcth JF (2020) Accuracy of full-arch digital impressions: an in vitro and in vivo comparison. Clin Oral Investig 24:735\u2013745","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"6154_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpor.2019.06.006","volume":"64","author":"A Schmidt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Schmidt A, Benedickt CR, Schlenz MA, Rehmann P, W\u00f6stmann B (2020) Torsion and linear accuracy in intraoral scans obtained with different scanning principles. J Prosthodont Res 64:167\u2013174","journal-title":"J Prosthodont Res"},{"key":"6154_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3723","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11133723","volume":"11","author":"MA Schlenz","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schlenz MA, Stillersfeld JM, W\u00f6stmann B, Schmidt A (2022) Update on the accuracy of conventional and digital full-arch impressions of partially edentulous and fully dentate jaws in young and elderly subjects: a clinical trial. J Clin Med 11:3723","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"6154_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3651","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-04335-3","volume":"26","author":"P Kontis","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kontis P, G\u00fcth JF, Keul C (2022) Accuracy of full-arch digitalization for partially edentulous jaws\u2014a laboratory study on basis of coordinate-based data analysis. Clin Oral Investig 26:3651\u20133662","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"6154_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-58075-7","volume":"10","author":"J Winkler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Winkler J, Gkantidis N (2020) Trueness and precision of intraoral scanners in the maxillary dental arch: an in vivo analysis. Sci Rep 10:1\u201311","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6154_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2016.46.1.3","volume":"46","author":"JW Ahn","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ahn JW, Park JM, Chun YS, Kim M (2016) A comparison of the precision of three-dimensional images acquired by 2 digital intraoral scanners: effects of tooth irregularity and scanning direction. Korean J Orthod 46:3\u201310","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"6154_CR19","first-page":"11","volume":"22","author":"A Ender","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ender A, Zimmermann M, Mehl A (2019) Accuracy of complete- and partial-arch impressions of actual intraoral scanning systems in vitro. Int J Comput Dent 22:11\u201319","journal-title":"Int J Comput Dent"},{"key":"6154_CR20","first-page":"17","volume":"25","author":"C Keul","year":"2022","unstructured":"Keul C, G\u00fcth JF (2022) Influence of intraoral conditions on the accuracy of full-arch scans by Cerec Primescan AC: an in vitro and in vivo comparison. Int J Comput Dent 25:17\u201325","journal-title":"Int J Comput Dent"},{"key":"6154_CR21","first-page":"343","volume":"47","author":"P M\u00fcller","year":"2016","unstructured":"M\u00fcller P, Ender A, Joda T, Katsoulis J (2016) Impact of digital intraoral scan strategies on the impression accuracy using the TRIOS pod scanner. Quintessence Int 47:343\u2013349","journal-title":"Quintessence Int"},{"key":"6154_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0202916","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0202916","volume":"13","author":"P Medina-Sotomayor","year":"2018","unstructured":"Medina-Sotomayor P, Pascual MA, Camps AI (2018) Accuracy of four digital scanners according to scanning strategy in complete-arch impressions. PLoS ONE 13:e0202916","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6154_CR23","first-page":"11","volume":"16","author":"A Ender","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ender A, Mehl A (2013) Influence of scanning strategies on the accuracy of digital intraoral scanning systems. Int J Comput Dent 16:11\u201321","journal-title":"Int J Comput Dent"},{"key":"6154_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2015.09.011","volume":"115","author":"A Ender","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ender A, Attin T, Mehl A (2016) In vivo precision of conventional and digital methods of obtaining complete-arch dental impressions. J Prosthet Dent 115:313\u2013320","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"6154_CR25","unstructured":"Waldecker M, Rues S, Behnisch R, Rammelsberg P, B\u00f6micke W (2022) Effect of scan-path length on the scanning accuracy of completely dentate and partially edentulous maxillae. J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"6154_CR26","volume-title":"Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results\u2014part 1: General principles and definitions (ISO 5725-1:1994)","author":"International Organization for Standardization","year":"1994","unstructured":"International Organization for Standardization (1994) Accuracy (trueness and precision) of measurement methods and results\u2014part 1: General principles and definitions (ISO 5725-1:1994). ISO, Geneva"},{"key":"6154_CR27","first-page":"341","volume":"24","author":"A Mehl","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mehl A, Reich S, Beuer F, G\u00fcth JF (2021) Accuracy, trueness, and precision\u2014a guideline for evaluation of these basic values in digital dentistry. Int J Comput Dent 24:341\u2013352","journal-title":"Int J Comput Dent"},{"key":"6154_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2014.05.027","volume":"112","author":"RG Nedelcu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nedelcu RG, Persson AS (2014) Scanning accuracy and precision in 4 intraoral scanners: an in vitro comparison based on 3-dimensional analysis. J Prosthet Dent 112:1461\u20131471","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"6154_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16040544","volume":"16","author":"F Ferrini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ferrini F, Sannino G, Chiola C, Cappar\u00e9 P, Gastaldi G, Gherlone EF (2019) Influence of intraoral scanner (IOS) on the marginal accuracy of CAD\/CAM single crowns. Int J Environ Res Public Health 16:544","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"6154_CR30","unstructured":"Tewes M, Berner M (2020) Device, method and system for generating dynamic projection patterns in a confocal camera. Google Patents"},{"key":"6154_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2016.10.002","volume":"55","author":"F Kuhr","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kuhr F, Schmidt A, Rehmann P, W\u00f6stmann B (2016) A new method for assessing the accuracy of full arch impressions in patients. J Dent 55:68\u201374","journal-title":"J Dent"}],"updated-by":[{"DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06233-4","type":"correction","label":"Correction","source":"publisher","updated":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000}}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06154-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06154-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06154-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T03:52:39Z","timestamp":1739850759000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06154-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1]]}},"alternative-id":["6154"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06154-2","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-4882279\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 August 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 January 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 January 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 February 2025","order":4,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":5,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"A Correction to this paper has been published:","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06233-4","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06233-4","order":7,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"92"}}