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To remedy this, a survey was carried out with P-EA of all ages.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In summer 2021, an online survey questionnaire with 124 questions, addressed only at caregivers of P-EA, was sent to all members of the Bundesverband Autismus Deutschland e.V. Our present study evaluated the 20 survey questions related to dental self-care.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In total, 130 questionnaires were evaluated. The mean age of the P-EA was 22.7 years (min: 3y; max: 60y; SD\u2009\u00b1\u200914.1y). Only 17.7% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=23) of the P-EA were female, while 82.3%(<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=107) were male. Overall, 54.6% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200971) of P-EA are always actively assisted in tooth brushing. Although 57.7% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200975) of P-EA brushed teeth twice daily, 39.2% brushed for one to two minutes (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200951). P-EA younger than 18 years old selected toothpaste primarily for taste reasons (32.7%;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200918). Only 9.3% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20097) of adult P-EA selected toothpaste because of the fluoride content. Manual toothbrushes were preferred by 40.8% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200953) of the P-EA, and electric toothbrushes by 34.6% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200945). Almost three quarters (71.5%;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200993) did not use additional dental care implements. The same number (75.4%;<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200998) of P-EA had not practiced supervised brushing in a dental office.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions\/Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Active support in dental self-care is crucial for a majority of the P-EA in Germany, regardless of their age. Professional support needs to be fundamentally improved. Clinical concepts for practical instruction in dental hygiene should be developed for P-EA.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06194-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,5]],"date-time":"2025-02-05T06:19:20Z","timestamp":1738736360000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Tooth brushing behavior and oral health care of people with early childhood autism in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Kraus","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. 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