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FE analysis was performed. Equivalent von Mises (VM) stress was calculated along the entire dentin and periodontal ligament of the first mandibular molar. Maximum VM stresses were compared among the different mandibular configurations and loading applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The highest and lowest VM stress at 50 and 100\u00a0N corresponded respectively to the single-tooth SL model (5.78 and 11.5\u00a0MPa) and to occlusal load application with antagonist teeth and proximal contacts (2.08 and 3.58\u00a0MPa). Maximum VM stresses were consistently located at the cervical area of the mesial root and decreased when adjacent teeth were present.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Highest stresses are located in the cervical area of the mesial root of mandibular molars, but the biomechanical behavior depends on the presence of proximal contacts and the loading methodologies used. Single-tooth models represent the worst structural scenario.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Incorporating antagonist teeth and proximal contacts into FE models enhances the biofidelity of dental biomechanics simulations, enabling more accurate extrapolation to clinical conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06290-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,30]],"date-time":"2025-03-30T18:23:34Z","timestamp":1743359014000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Structural response of mandibular first molars in the presence of proximal contacts: finite element analysis with antagonist teeth and alternative loading applications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9927-6872","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sa\u00fal","family":"Dorado","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6869-8332","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jes\u00fas R.","family":"Jimenez-Octavio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Riaza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5222-8718","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ove A.","family":"Peters","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2270-8096","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana","family":"Arias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"6290_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"0308031","DOI":"10.1115\/1.4027431","volume":"66","author":"M Yahyazadehfar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yahyazadehfar M, Ivancik J, Majd H et al (2014) On the mechanics of fatigue and fracture in teeth. 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