{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T03:04:06Z","timestamp":1790046246006,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743811200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Ankara Medipol University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different remineralization agents-Proshield Fluoride Varnish (FV), GC MI Varnish (MI), and ROCS Medical Mineral Gel (ROCS MMG)-on the shear bond strength (SBS) of orthodontic brackets after application at various time intervals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 120 human premolar teeth were divided into 10 groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912). The experimental groups received different remineralization agents (FV, MI, ROCS MMG) at time intervals of 1, 15, and 30 days, while the control group received no application. The enamel surfaces were etched, and metal orthodontic brackets were bonded using a light-cured composite adhesive. SBS was measured using a universal testing machine, and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were assessed after bracket debonding.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>No statistically significant differences were observed in SBS among all experimental groups and the control group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.307). SBS values for the FV, MI, and ROCS MMG groups did not differ significantly at the 1, 15, or 30-day intervals. ARI scores also showed no significant differences between groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.370).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The application of Proshield Fluoride Varnish, GC MI Varnish, and ROCS Medical Mineral Gel at different time intervals did not affect the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. These remineralization agents can be safely used to prevent white spot lesions and caries before orthodontic treatment at time intervals of 1, 15, and 30 days without compromising bond strength.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Proshield FV, GC MI Varnish, and ROCS MMG safely prevent white spot lesions and caries without affecting bracket bond strength.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06312-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T23:47:12Z","timestamp":1743896832000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effects of different remineralization agents on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: in vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3205-5028","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gulsevim","family":"Oda","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7993-2406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ozge Muftuoglu","family":"Guler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"6312_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(88)90453-2","volume":"94","author":"B \u00d8gaard","year":"1988","unstructured":"\u00d8gaard B, R\u00f8lla G, Arends J (1988) Orthodontic appliances and enamel demineralization: part 1. Lesion development. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 94:68\u201373","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6312_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(93)70103-U","volume":"103","author":"SA Alexander","year":"1993","unstructured":"Alexander SA (1993) The effect of fixed and functional appliances on enamel decalcifications in early class II treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 103:45\u201347","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6312_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0137318","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0137318","volume":"10","author":"JE Koopman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Koopman JE, van der Kaaij NCW, Buijs MJ et al (2015) The effect of fixed orthodontic appliances and fluoride mouthwash on the oral Microbiome of Adolescents - A randomized controlled clinical trial. PLoS ONE 10:e0137318","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"6312_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-014-1240-3","volume":"18","author":"Y Ren","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ren Y, Jongsma MA, Mei L et al (2014) Orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and biofilm formation\u2014a potential public health threat? Clin Oral Investig 18:1711\u20131718","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"6312_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.08.024","volume":"141","author":"BJ Maxfield","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maxfield BJ, Hamdan AM, T\u00fcfek\u00e7i E et al (2012) Development of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment: perceptions of patients, parents, orthodontists, and general dentists. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 141:337\u2013344","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6312_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1111\/jerd.12013","volume":"25","author":"GC Heymann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Heymann GC, Grauer D (2013) A contemporary review of white spot lesions in orthodontics. J Esthet Restor Dent 25:85\u201395","journal-title":"J Esthet Restor Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"6312_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.4103\/2278-0203.115081","volume":"2","author":"K Srivastava","year":"2013","unstructured":"Srivastava K, Tikku T, Khanna R, Sachan K (2013) Risk factors and management of white spot lesions in orthodontics. J Orthod Sci 2(2):43\u201349","journal-title":"J Orthod Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"6312_CR8","first-page":"a001","volume":"3000","author":"I Alkasso","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alkasso I et al (2021) Durability of different types of mouthwashes on the salivary buffering system in orthodontic patients. Dentistry 3000(1):a001","journal-title":"Dentistry"},{"key":"6312_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2008.03.002","volume":"14","author":"SE Bishara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bishara SE, Ostby AW (2008) White spot lesions: formation, prevention, and treatment. Semin Orthod 14:174\u2013182","journal-title":"Semin Orthod"},{"key":"6312_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjr068","volume":"34","author":"S Hadler-Olsen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hadler-Olsen S, Sandvik K, El-Agroudi MA, \u00d8gaard B (2012) The incidence of caries and white spot lesions in orthodontically treated adolescents with a comprehensive caries prophylactic regimen\u2013a prospective study. Eur J Orthod 34:633\u2013639","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"6312_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.61872\/sdj-2018-10-443","volume":"128","author":"FJ Wegehaupt","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wegehaupt FJ, Schleich J, Hamza B et al (2018) Performance of a newly developed mineral gel system on erosive and erosive\/abrasive enamel loss. An in vitro study. Swiss Dent J 128:790\u2013797","journal-title":"Swiss Dent J"},{"key":"6312_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.4103\/ccd.ccd_216_17","volume":"8","author":"M Khoroushi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Khoroushi M, Kachuie M (2017) Prevention and treatment of white spot lesions in orthodontic patients. Contemp Clin Dent 8:11\u201319","journal-title":"Contemp Clin Dent"},{"key":"6312_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.3109\/23337931.2015.1021351","volume":"1","author":"G Cossellu","year":"2015","unstructured":"Cossellu G, Lanteri V, Butera A et al (2015) Effects of six different preventive treatments on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets: in vitro study. Acta Biomater Odontol Scand 1:13\u201317","journal-title":"Acta Biomater Odontol Scand"},{"key":"6312_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2021.03.001","volume":"19","author":"P Daneshkazemi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Daneshkazemi P, Sadeghian S, Khodaei M (2021) Shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets on intact and demineralized enamel after application of resin infiltrant, fluoride varnish and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate remineralizing agents: in-vitro study. Int Orthod 19:259\u2013268","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"key":"6312_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2977","DOI":"10.1002\/jemt.23857","volume":"84","author":"OM Akgun","year":"2021","unstructured":"Akgun OM, Haman Bayari S, Ide S et al (2021) Evaluation of the protective effect on enamel demineralization of CPP-ACP paste and ROCS by vibrational spectroscopy and SAXS: an in vitro study. Microsc Res Tech 84:2977\u20132987","journal-title":"Microsc Res Tech"},{"key":"6312_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"985881","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.985881","volume":"10","author":"J Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu J, Shi H, Luo J, Yao H, Wang P, Li Z, Wei J (2022) Advanced materials for enamel remineralization. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 10:985881. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2022.985881","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"6312_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.37897\/RJS.2024.3.8","volume":"70","author":"RM Salim","year":"2024","unstructured":"Salim RM, Al Qassar SSS, Qasim AA (2024) The chromatograph evaluation of white spot lesion treated with magnesium gel and diode laser: an in vitro study. Ro J Stomatol 70(3):277\u2013285","journal-title":"Ro J Stomatol"},{"key":"6312_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A122","DOI":"10.1186\/1878-5085-5-S1-A122","volume":"5","author":"AA Kunin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kunin AA, Belenova IA, Kupets TV (2014) Evaluating the effectiveness of structural and metabolic tooth enamel reparation by magnesium-calcium remineralizing complex. EPMA J 5:A122","journal-title":"EPMA J"},{"key":"6312_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lale S, Solak H, H\u0131n\u00e7al E, Vahdettin L (2020) In Vitro Comparison of Fluoride, Magnesium, and Calcium Phosphate Materials on Prevention of White Spot Lesions around Orthodontic Brackets. Biomed Res Int 2020:1989817","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/1989817"},{"key":"6312_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-27390-0","volume":"13","author":"M Domantait\u0117","year":"2023","unstructured":"Domantait\u0117 M, Trakinien\u0117 G (2023) Influence of the use of remineralizing agents on the tensile bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Sci Rep 13:507","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"6312_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","volume":"39","author":"F Faul","year":"2007","unstructured":"Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang A-G, Buchner A (2007) G*Power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behav Res Methods 39:175\u2013191","journal-title":"Behav Res Methods"},{"key":"6312_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/0889-5406(88)90360-5","volume":"94","author":"B Ogaard","year":"1988","unstructured":"Ogaard B, R\u00f8lla G, Arends J, ten Cate JM (1988) Orthodontic appliances and enamel demineralization. Part 2. Prevention and treatment of lesions. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 94:123\u2013128","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6312_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(97)70286-5","volume":"111","author":"ME Olsen","year":"1997","unstructured":"Olsen ME, Bishara SE, Damon P, Jakobsen JR (1997) Evaluation of scotchbond multipurpose and maleic acid as alternative methods of bonding orthodontic brackets. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 111:498\u2013501","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6312_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.04.007","volume":"125","author":"T Kimura","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kimura T, Dunn WJ, Taloumis LJ (2004) Effect of fluoride varnish on the in vitro bond strength of orthodontic brackets using a self-etching primer system. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 125:351\u2013356","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6312_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2013.43.1.23","volume":"43","author":"S-Y Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park S-Y, Cha J-Y, Kim K-N, Hwang C-J (2013) The effect of casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate on the in vitro shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Korean J Orthod 43:23\u201328","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"key":"6312_CR26","first-page":"e1002","volume":"9","author":"R Naseh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Naseh R, Fallahzadeh F, Atai M et al (2017) Casein phosphopeptide- amorphous calcium phosphate effects on brackets shear bond strength and enamel damage. J Clin Exp Dent 9:e1002\u2013e1007","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"key":"6312_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2319\/122506-529.1","volume":"78","author":"D Ke\u00e7ik","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ke\u00e7ik D, Cehreli SB, Sar C, Unver B (2008) Effect of acidulated phosphate fluoride and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate application on shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Angle Orthod 78:129\u2013133","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"6312_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.02.017","volume":"127","author":"V Cacciafesta","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini MF, Calvi D, Scribante A (2005) Effect of fluoride application on shear bond strength of brackets bonded with a resin-modified glass-ionomer. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 127:580\u2013583 quiz 626","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6312_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjq062","volume":"33","author":"A Tabrizi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tabrizi A, Cakirer B (2011) A comparative evaluation of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets. Eur J Orthod 33:282\u2013287","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"key":"6312_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172","DOI":"10.1007\/s10103-023-03837-8","volume":"38","author":"S Damar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Damar S, G\u00fcmr\u00fc \u00c7elikel AD, P\u0131nar Erdem A (2023) Comparative evaluation of fluoride-free remineralization agents with and without Er,Cr:YSGG laser on artificial enamel remineralization. Lasers Med Sci 38:172","journal-title":"Lasers Med Sci"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06312-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06312-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06312-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]],"date-time":"2025-04-15T17:03:22Z","timestamp":1744736602000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06312-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["6312"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06312-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Ethical approval was obtained from the Ankara Medipol University Health Sciences Non-Interventional Research Ethics Committee (No: 2023\/149).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"224"}}