{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,14]],"date-time":"2026-04-14T00:45:00Z","timestamp":1776127500015,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1745884800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06339-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]],"date-time":"2025-04-29T05:54:40Z","timestamp":1745906080000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Long-term stability of maxillary molar distalization in the treatment of Angle Class II malocclusion: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3013-1592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuojun","family":"Xie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Tian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7650-8204","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xianglong","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1133","DOI":"10.2319\/101507-406.1","volume":"78","author":"GS Antonarakis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Antonarakis GS, Kiliaridis S (2008) Maxillary molar distalization with noncompliance intramaxillary appliances in Class II malocclusion. A systematic review Angle Orthod 78(6):1133\u20131140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/101507-406.1","journal-title":"A systematic review Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"6339_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-5406(94)70043-5","volume":"106","author":"C Sadowsky","year":"1994","unstructured":"Sadowsky C et al (1994) Long-term stability after orthodontic treatment - nonextraction with prolonged retention. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 106(3):243\u2013249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0889-5406(94)70043-5","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"6339_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(1949)019<0012:Tfodea>2.0.Co;2","volume":"19","author":"RHW Strang","year":"1949","unstructured":"Strang RHW (1949) The Fallacy of Denture Expansion As a Treatment Procedure*. Angle Orthod 19(1):12\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1043\/0003-3219(1949)019%3c0012:Tfodea%3e2.0.Co;2","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"6339_CR4","first-page":"27","volume":"24","author":"T Bechtold","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bechtold T, G\u00f6z G (2010) The influence of straight-wire appliances and prefabricated archwires on the transversal arch dimension. Kieferorthop\u00e4die 24:27\u201335","journal-title":"Kieferorthop\u00e4die"},{"key":"6339_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Janson G, Aliaga-Del Castillo A, Niederberger A (2017) Changes in apical base sagittal relationship in Class II malocclusion treatment with and without premolar extractions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Angle Orthod 87(2):338\u2013355 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/030716-198.1.","DOI":"10.2319\/030716-198.1"},{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.2319\/102514-768.1","volume":"85","author":"MF Feres","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feres MF et al (2015) Rapid maxillary expansion effects in Class II malocclusion: a systematic review. Angle Orthod 85(6):1070\u20131079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/102514-768.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2000.110332","volume":"118","author":"CD Brickman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Brickman CD, Sinha PK, Nanda RS (2000) Evaluation of the Jones jig appliance for distal molar movement. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 118(5):526\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mod.2000.110332","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"6339_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1590\/2176-9451.20.4.076-081.oar","volume":"20","author":"FP Henriques","year":"2015","unstructured":"Henriques FP et al (2015) Effects of cervical headgear appliance: a systematic review. Dental Press J Orthod 20(4):76\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/2176-9451.20.4.076-081.oar","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"key":"6339_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937059","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/937059","volume":"2014","author":"M Cozzani","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cozzani M et al (2014) Comparison of maxillary molar distalization with an implant-supported distal jet and a traditional tooth-supported distal jet appliance. Int J Dent 2014:937059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/937059","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"issue":"2","key":"6339_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0544.2002.01155.x","volume":"5","author":"MF Sfondrini","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sfondrini MF, Cacciafesta V, Sfondrini G (2002) Upper molar distalization: a critical analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res 5(2):114\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1034\/j.1600-0544.2002.01155.x","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"6339_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Verma SK et al (2013) Molar distalisation by pendulum appliance. BMJ Case Rep 2013 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bcr-2012-008461.","DOI":"10.1136\/bcr-2012-008461"},{"issue":"2","key":"6339_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-024-05520-w","volume":"28","author":"L Cheng","year":"2024","unstructured":"Cheng L et al (2024) Molar distalization in orthodontics: a bibliometric analysis. Clin Oral Investig 28(2):123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-024-05520-w","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"3","key":"6339_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.01.035","volume":"135","author":"MP Patel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Patel MP et al (2009) Comparative distalization effects of Jones jig and pendulum appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 135(3):336\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2007.01.035","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1043\/0003-3219(2002)072<0481:Eommdw>2.0.Co;2","volume":"72","author":"E Bolla","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bolla E et al (2002) Evaluation of maxillary molar distalization with the distal jet: a comparison with other contemporary methods. Angle Orthod 72(5):481\u2013494. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1043\/0003-3219(2002)072%3c0481:Eommdw%3e2.0.Co;2","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"3","key":"6339_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.04.031","volume":"128","author":"PP Chiu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chiu PP, McNamara JA Jr, Franchi L (2005) A comparison of two intraoral molar distalization appliances: distal jet versus pendulum. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 128(3):353\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.04.031","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"6339_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.114645","volume":"120","author":"V Ngantung","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ngantung V, Nanda RS, Bowman SJ (2001) Posttreatment evaluation of the distal jet appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 120(2):178\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mod.2001.114645","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"6339_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.4041\/kjod.2015.45.4.171","volume":"45","author":"A Caprioglio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Caprioglio A et al (2015) Comparative evaluation of molar distalization therapy using pendulum and distal screw appliances. Korean J Orthod 45(4):171\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4041\/kjod.2015.45.4.171","journal-title":"Korean J Orthod"},{"issue":"7","key":"6339_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e650","DOI":"10.4317\/jced.55780","volume":"11","author":"M Cassetta","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cassetta M, Brandetti G, Altieri F (2019) Miniscrew-supported distal jet versus conventional distal jet appliance: A pilot study. J Clin Exp Dent 11(7):e650\u2013e658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4317\/jced.55780","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.11.024","volume":"143","author":"RH Grec","year":"2013","unstructured":"Grec RH et al (2013) Intraoral distalizer effects with conventional and skeletal anchorage: a meta-analysis. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 143(5):602\u2013615. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2012.11.024","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"6339_CR20","first-page":"159","volume":"50","author":"SJ Bowman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bowman SJ (2016) Upper-Molar Distalization and the Distal Jet. J Clin Orthod 50(3):159\u2013169","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"issue":"7","key":"6339_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.3760\/cma.j.cn112144-20210907-00399","volume":"57","author":"X Shi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shi X, Mao J, Liu Y (2022) Clinical efficacy and influencing factors of molar distalization with clear aligner. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 57(7):762\u2013768. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3760\/cma.j.cn112144-20210907-00399","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.2319\/061614-436.1","volume":"85","author":"G Rossini","year":"2015","unstructured":"Rossini G et al (2015) Efficacy of clear aligners in controlling orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review. Angle Orthod 85(5):881\u2013889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/061614-436.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"6339_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.03.023","volume":"146","author":"YA Kook","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kook YA et al (2014) Treatment effects of a modified palatal anchorage plate for distalization evaluated with cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 146(1):47\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2014.03.023","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"6339_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Inchingolo AM et al (2023) Predictability of Dental Distalization with Clear Aligners: A Systematic Review. Bioengineering (Basel) 10(12) https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bioengineering10121390.","DOI":"10.3390\/bioengineering10121390"},{"key":"6339_CR25","unstructured":"Ting-ting Feng T-mX (2016) Longitudinal Study of Mesial Movement of the Maxillary First Molar in Chinese Adolescents with Normal Occlusion. Compilation of papers from the 2016 China International Orthodontic Congress and the 15th National Orthodontic Conference 2016:215\u2013216."},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.08.023","volume":"153","author":"X Zhang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhang X et al (2018) Longitudinal eruptive and posteruptive tooth movements, studied on oblique and lateral cephalograms with implants. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 153(5):673\u2013684. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2017.08.023","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"6339_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.119978","volume":"121","author":"YE Kim","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kim YE, Nanda RS, Sinha PK (2002) Transition of molar relationships in different skeletal growth patterns. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 121(3):280\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mod.2002.119978","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6339_CR28","first-page":"210","volume":"25","author":"Y Liang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Liang Y, Zhang X, Xu T (2018) Longitudinal implant study of physiological displacement of mandibular molar. Chinese Journal of Orthodontics 25:210\u2013215","journal-title":"Chinese Journal of Orthodontics"},{"issue":"1","key":"6339_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1053\/j.sodo.2013.12.006","volume":"20","author":"AK Tsourakis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Tsourakis AK, Johnston LE (2014) Class II malocclusion: The aftermath of a \u201cperfect storm.\u201d Seminars in Orthodontics 20(1):59\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.sodo.2013.12.006","journal-title":"Seminars in Orthodontics"},{"key":"6339_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bjo\u00a8rk A, Skieller V (1972) Facial development and tooth eruption: An implant study at the age of puberty. American J Orthodontics 62(4):339\u2013383 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0002-9416(72)90277-1.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9416(72)90277-1"},{"issue":"3","key":"6339_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/18.3.245","volume":"18","author":"H Iseri","year":"1996","unstructured":"Iseri H, Solow B (1996) Continued eruption of maxillary incisors and first molars in girls from 9 to 25 years, studied by the implant method. Eur J Orthod 18(3):245\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/18.3.245","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"6339_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pio.2010.12.001","volume":"12","author":"V Giuntini","year":"2011","unstructured":"Giuntini V et al (2011) Mesial rotation of upper first molars in Class II division 1 malocclusion in the mixed dentition: a controlled blind study. Prog Orthod 12(2):107\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pio.2010.12.001","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"key":"6339_CR33","unstructured":"Higgins JPT, T.J., Chandler J, Cumpston M, Li T, Page MJ, Welch VA (editors), Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions version 6.4 (updated August 2023). Cochrane, 2023."},{"issue":"10","key":"6339_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","volume":"62","author":"A Liberati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liberati A et al (2009) The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. J Clin Epidemiol 62(10):e1-34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6339_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001419","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001419","volume":"10","author":"EM Beller","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beller EM et al (2013) PRISMA for Abstracts: reporting systematic reviews in journal and conference abstracts. PLoS Med 10(4):e1001419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001419","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2020-209567","volume":"37","author":"M Amir-Behghadami","year":"2020","unstructured":"Amir-Behghadami M, Janati A (2020) Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcomes and Study (PICOS) design as a framework to formulate eligibility criteria in systematic reviews. Emerg Med J 37(6):387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/emermed-2020-209567","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"7572","key":"6339_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38987.492014.94","volume":"333","author":"P Brown","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brown P et al (2006) How to formulate research recommendations. BMJ 333(7572):804\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.38987.492014.94","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6339_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Fleming PS, Pandis N (2024) Orthodontic retention: Rationale and periodontal implications. Periodontol 2000, 2024 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/prd.12560.","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12560"},{"issue":"1","key":"6339_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-021-00281-3","volume":"17","author":"M Jedli\u0144ski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jedli\u0144ski M et al (2021) What causes failure of fixed orthodontic retention? - systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical studies. Head Face Med 17(1):32. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13005-021-00281-3","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"key":"6339_CR40","unstructured":"Tynelius GE (2014) ORTHODONTIC RETENTION. Studies of retention capacity, cost-effectiveness and long-term stability. Swed Dent J Suppl 2014(236):9\u201365."},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.06.041","volume":"139","author":"A-M Renkema","year":"2011","unstructured":"Renkema A-M et al (2011) Long-term effectiveness of canine-to-canine bonded flexible spiral wire lingual retainers. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 139(5):614\u2013621. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2009.06.041","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"key":"6339_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4919","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4919","volume":"355","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Sterne JA et al (2016) ROBINS-I: a tool for assessing risk of bias in non-randomised studies of interventions. BMJ 355:i4919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i4919","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6339_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"l4898","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","volume":"366","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sterne JAC et al (2019) RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials. BMJ 366:l4898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l4898","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"10","key":"6339_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.010","volume":"61","author":"JL Peters","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peters JL et al (2008) Contour-enhanced meta-analysis funnel plots help distinguish publication bias from other causes of asymmetry. J Clin Epidemiol 61(10):991\u2013996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.010","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"6339_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1088","DOI":"10.2307\/2533446","volume":"50","author":"CB Begg","year":"1994","unstructured":"Begg CB, Mazumdar M (1994) Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias. Biometrics 50(4):1088\u20131101","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"6339_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Irwig L et al (1998) Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test. Graphical test is itself biased. Bmj 316(7129):470; author reply 470\u20131.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.316.7129.469"},{"issue":"7650","key":"6339_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","volume":"336","author":"GH Guyatt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Guyatt GH et al (2008) GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ 336(7650):924\u2013926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"6339_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guyatt G et al (2011) GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction&#x2014;GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. J Clin Epidemiol 64(4):383\u2013394 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.04.026"},{"key":"6339_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Brunetti M et al (2013) GRADE guidelines: 10. Considering resource use and rating the quality of economic evidence. J Clin Epidemiol 66(2):140\u2013150 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.04.012.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.04.012"},{"key":"6339_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Guyatt G et al (2013) GRADE guidelines: 11. Making an overall rating of confidence in effect estimates for a single outcome and for all outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol 66(2):151\u2013157 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.01.006.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.01.006"},{"issue":"1","key":"6339_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1258\/1355819021927674","volume":"7","author":"J Higgins","year":"2002","unstructured":"Higgins J et al (2002) Statistical heterogeneity in systematic reviews of clinical trials: a critical appraisal of guidelines and practice. J Health Serv Res Policy 7(1):51\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1258\/1355819021927674","journal-title":"J Health Serv Res Policy"},{"issue":"1","key":"6339_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/s0895-4356(01)00414-0","volume":"55","author":"PC Lambert","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lambert PC et al (2002) A comparison of summary patient-level covariates in meta-regression with individual patient data meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 55(1):86\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0895-4356(01)00414-0","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"6339_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1187","volume":"21","author":"SG Thompson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Thompson SG, Higgins JP (2002) How should meta-regression analyses be undertaken and interpreted? Stat Med 21(11):1559\u20131573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/sim.1187","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"20","key":"6339_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2693","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1097-0258(19991030)18:20<2693::aid-sim235>3.0.co;2-v","volume":"18","author":"SG Thompson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Thompson SG, Sharp SJ (1999) Explaining heterogeneity in meta-analysis: a comparison of methods. Stat Med 18(20):2693\u20132708. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1097-0258(19991030)18:20%3c2693::aid-sim235%3e3.0.co;2-v","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.06.052","volume":"160","author":"JH Park","year":"2021","unstructured":"Park JH et al (2021) Long-term evaluation of maxillary molar position after distalization using modified C-palatal plates in patients with and without second molar eruption. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 160(6):853\u2013861. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.06.052","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"3","key":"6339_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.08.018","volume":"158","author":"SC Ramon Pujols","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramon Pujols SC et al (2020) Stability of Class II malocclusion treatment with the distal jet followed by fixed appliances. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 158(3):363\u2013370. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.08.018","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"6339_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bondemark L, Kurol J (1998) Class II correction with magnets and superelastic coils followed by straight-wire mechanotherapy. Occlusal changes during and after dental therapy. J Orofac Orthop 59(3):127\u201338 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf01317174.","DOI":"10.1007\/bf01317174"},{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.01.021","volume":"156","author":"AM Shoaib","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shoaib AM et al (2019) Treatment stability after total maxillary arch distalization with modified C-palatal plates in adults. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 156(6):832\u2013839. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2019.01.021","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.2319\/042806-179","volume":"77","author":"T Tortop","year":"2007","unstructured":"Tortop T, Y\u00fcksel S (2007) Treatment and posttreatment changes with combined headgear therapy. Angle Orthod 77(5):857\u2013863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/042806-179","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"6339_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.02.011","volume":"159","author":"AHK Chou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chou AHK et al (2021) Total maxillary arch distalization with modified C-palatal plates in adolescents: A long-term study using cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 159(4):470\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2020.02.011","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2898","DOI":"10.3390\/app12062898","volume":"12","author":"B-J Song","year":"2022","unstructured":"Song B-J et al (2022) Stability of the Maxillary and Mandibular Total Arch Distalization Using Temporary Anchorage Devices (TADs) in Adults. Appl Sci 12(6):2898","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"6339_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12447","volume":"24","author":"MP Patel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Patel MP et al (2021) Stability of class II treatment with Pendulum and Jones jig followed by fixed appliances. Orthod Craniofac Res 24(3):370\u2013378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.12447","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"key":"6339_CR63","unstructured":"Sh A, Hashem. Three dimensional assessment of the long-term treatment stability after maxillary first molar distalization with Carriere distalizer appliance."},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"6339_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1111\/ocr.12470","volume":"24","author":"M Bayome","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bayome M et al (2021) Distalization of maxillary molars using temporary skeletal anchorage devices: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Orthod Craniofac Res 24(Suppl 1):103\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ocr.12470","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"6339_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2019.06.002","volume":"17","author":"S Soheilifar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Soheilifar S, Mohebi S, Ameli N (2019) Maxillary molar distalization using conventional versus skeletal anchorage devices: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Orthod 17(3):415\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ortho.2019.06.002","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjz030","volume":"41","author":"SA Bellini-Pereira","year":"2019","unstructured":"Bellini-Pereira SA et al (2019) Time of maxillary molar distalization with non-compliance intraoral distalizing appliances: a meta-analysis. Eur J Orthod 41(6):652\u2013660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjz030","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2001.118784","volume":"120","author":"JR McKinney","year":"2001","unstructured":"McKinney JR, Harris EF (2001) Influence of patient age and sex on orthodontic treatment: evaluations of Begg lightwire, standard edgewise, and straightwire techniques. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 120(5):530\u2013541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mod.2001.118784","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.06.037","volume":"137","author":"FL Martinelli","year":"2010","unstructured":"Martinelli FL et al (2010) Natural changes of the maxillary first molars in adolescents with skeletal Class II malocclusion. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 137(6):775\u2013781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.06.037","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjs094","volume":"35","author":"PH Buschang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Buschang PH, Jacob HB, Demirjian A (2013) Female adolescent craniofacial growth spurts: real or fiction? Eur J Orthod 35(6):819\u2013825. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/cjs094","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.2319\/111321-838.1","volume":"92","author":"EF Al Maaitah","year":"2022","unstructured":"Al Maaitah EF et al (2022) Cranial base measurements in different anteroposterior skeletal relationships using Bjork-Jarabak analysis. Angle Orthod 92(5):613\u2013618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/111321-838.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.2319\/092921-731.1","volume":"92","author":"VLZ Hui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hui VLZ et al (2022) Anatomical limitations and factors influencing molar distalization. Angle Orthod 92(5):598\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/092921-731.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.2319\/112021-854.1","volume":"92","author":"Z Fan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Fan Z et al (2022) Mandibular retromolar space in adults with different sagittal skeletal patterns. Angle Orthod 92(5):606\u2013612. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/112021-854.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"6339_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2022.105547","volume":"143","author":"A Nguyen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nguyen A et al (2022) A longitudinal assessment of sex differences in the growth of the mandibular retromolar space. Arch Oral Biol 143:105547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2022.105547","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"9","key":"6339_CR74","first-page":"515","volume":"42","author":"LL Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen LL et al (2007) Longitudinal changes of posterior available spaces of lower dental arch in adolescents with normal occlusion from 13 to 18 years of age. Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi 42(9):515\u2013518","journal-title":"Zhonghua Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi"},{"key":"6339_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.3969\/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.02.009","volume":"20","author":"R Han","year":"2016","unstructured":"Han R et al (2016) Localizing the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and maxillary tuberosity using Auto-CAD software. Chinese J Tissue Eng Res 20:202\u2013207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3969\/j.issn.2095-4344.2016.02.009","journal-title":"Chinese J Tissue Eng Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1067\/mod.2002.128861","volume":"122","author":"AA Akg\u00fcl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Akg\u00fcl AA, Toygar TU (2002) Natural craniofacial changes in the third decade of life: a longitudinal study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 122(5):512\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1067\/mod.2002.128861","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"key":"6339_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Almuzian M et al (2016) Distalizing maxillary molars \u2013 how do you do it? Orthodontic Update 9:42\u201350 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/ortu.2016.9.2.42.","DOI":"10.12968\/ortu.2016.9.2.42"},{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.2319\/121219-787.1","volume":"90","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhao Z et al (2020) Quantitative evaluation of retromolar space in adults with different vertical facial types. Angle Orthod 90(6):857\u2013865. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/121219-787.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"key":"6339_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14537","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.14537","volume":"10","author":"JW Booij","year":"2022","unstructured":"Booij JW et al (2022) Treatment outcome of class II malocclusion therapy including extraction of maxillary first molars: a cephalometric comparison between normodivergent and hyperdivergent facial types. PeerJ 10:e14537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.14537","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"2","key":"6339_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ortho.2015.03.011","volume":"13","author":"M Alabdullah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Alabdullah M et al (2015) Association between facial growth pattern and facial muscle activity: A prospective cross-sectional study. Int Orthod 13(2):181\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ortho.2015.03.011","journal-title":"Int Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"6339_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90106-2","volume":"77","author":"GS Throckmorton","year":"1980","unstructured":"Throckmorton GS, Finn RA, Bell WH (1980) Biomechanics of differences in lower facial height. Am J Orthod 77(4):410\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0002-9416(80)90106-2","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR82","first-page":"359","volume":"48","author":"H Samoto","year":"2014","unstructured":"Samoto H, Vlaskalic V (2014) A customized staging procedure to improve the predictability of space closure with sequential aligners. J Clin Orthod 48(6):359\u2013367","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/22.6.683","volume":"22","author":"L Bondemark","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bondemark L (2000) A comparative analysis of distal maxillary molar movement produced by a new lingual intra-arch Ni-Ti coil appliance and a magnetic appliance. Eur J Orthod 22(6):683\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/ejo\/22.6.683","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"7","key":"6339_CR84","first-page":"374","volume":"30","author":"A Carano","year":"1996","unstructured":"Carano A, Testa M (1996) The distal jet for upper molar distalization. J Clin Orthod 30(7):374\u2013380","journal-title":"J Clin Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"6339_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pio.2011.10.002","volume":"13","author":"M Fontana","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fontana M, Cozzani M, Caprioglio A (2012) Non-compliance maxillary molar distalizing appliances: an overview of the last decade. Prog Orthod 13(2):173\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pio.2011.10.002","journal-title":"Prog Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"6339_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.12.031","volume":"130","author":"A Fuziy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fuziy A et al (2006) Sagittal, vertical, and transverse changes consequent to maxillary molar distalization with the pendulum appliance. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 130(4):502\u2013510. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2004.12.031","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"6","key":"6339_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.01.019","volume":"139","author":"P Fudalej","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fudalej P, Antoszewska J (2011) Are orthodontic distalizers reinforced with the temporary skeletal anchorage devices effective? Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 139(6):722\u2013729. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2011.01.019","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"6339_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.02.002","volume":"125","author":"GS Kinzinger","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kinzinger GS et al (2004) Efficiency of a pendulum appliance for molar distalization related to second and third molar eruption stage. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 125(1):8\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajodo.2003.02.002","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"6339_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.2319\/030512-181.1","volume":"83","author":"KM Freitas","year":"2013","unstructured":"Freitas KM et al (2013) Posttreatment and physiologic occlusal changes comparison. Angle Orthod 83(2):239\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2319\/030512-181.1","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"6339_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1016\/s0889-5406(00)70200-9","volume":"117","author":"B Thilander","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thilander B (2000) Orthodontic relapse versus natural development. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 117(5):562\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0889-5406(00)70200-9","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"6339_CR91","first-page":"12","volume":"13","author":"G Janson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Janson G, Araki J, Camardella LT (2012) Posttreatment stability in Class II nonextraction and maxillary premolar extraction protocols. Orthodontics (Chic) 13(1):12\u201321","journal-title":"Orthodontics (Chic)"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06339-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06339-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06339-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,10]],"date-time":"2025-05-10T05:32:08Z","timestamp":1746855128000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06339-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"references-count":91,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5]]}},"alternative-id":["6339"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06339-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"20 January 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 April 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"277"}}