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The alveolar bone crest (ABC), cementoenamel junction (CEJ), and gingival margin (GM) were identified by ultrasound imaging. The image-based distances between these anatomic landmarks were measured for iABC (ABC to CEJ), iGR (GM to CEJ) and iGH (ABC to GM). The measurements were compared to corresponding parameters obtained from clinical examination. The measurements were also used to assess periodontal health and were compared with clinical diagnosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The average iGR measurements were \u2212\u20091.12\u00a0mm (i.e., 1.12\u00a0mm above the CEJ) for gingivitis and Stage I periodontitis, and \u2212\u20090.56\u00a0mm for Stage III periodontitis, demonstrating a significant increase in gingival recession in patients with severe periodontitis (Student t-test, unpaired, two-tailed, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). The iGH measurements distinguished gingivitis, Stage I periodontitis group, and the Stage III periodontitis group (unpaired, two-tailed t-test, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05 for PPD, and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.05 for iGH).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Non-invasive periodontal ultrasound imaging can be used to stratify subjects with differing periodontal disease severity. The clinical parameters obtained from ultrasound imaging with the hockey-stick transducer are reproducible.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The compact ultrasound transducer can be used as a screening tool for patients affected by periodontitis for clinical examination and treatment.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06346-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]],"date-time":"2025-04-26T04:28:25Z","timestamp":1745641705000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["In vivo periodontal ultrasound imaging via a hockey-stick transducer and comparison to periodontal probing: a proof-of-concept study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jason J.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Khalid","family":"Al Hezaimi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lekshimi","family":"Sasi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Suhel","family":"Khan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Baiyan","family":"Qi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Casey","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jesse V.","family":"Jokerst","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"6346_CR1","unstructured":"D. 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