{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T23:20:53Z","timestamp":1785280853274,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Fayoum University"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Examine the responsibility of Vitamin D (VD) deficit as a risk element in the development and severity of oral lichen planus (OLP) considering dietary habits, sex, sun exposure, socioeconomic class and psychological factors.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Blood samples from 35 OLP patients and 35 healthy controls were collected for the analysis of serum VD level (SVDL) by ELISA. Vitamin D deficiency was considered when SVDL was \u2264\u200920 ng\/ml. Additionally, a structured questionnaire was used to analyze other possible confounders.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>SVDL were statistically significant greater in the control group than the OLP group (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001). There was difference between the 3 types of OLP with statistical significance in which the least values for SVDL were in erosive type (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001). Furthermore, no statistically significant difference was found in SVDL between dysplastic and non-dysplastic lesions. In terms of VD deficiency, a statistically significant distinction was noticed between the two research sets (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001) and was more pronounced in erosive and atrophic types than reticular types. Depression as well as sun exposure significantly affected number of patients having VD deficiency (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001, 0.027). Results revealed a statistically significant direct relation between SVDL and the OLP (odds ratio\u2009=\u20091.38; 95%CI\u2009=\u20091.18\u20131.617).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>VD deficiency plays a vital role in OLP and the development of more severe forms.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>It corroborates that VD deficiency is a probable risk factor of OLP and the development of more severe forms considering many confounders.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06398-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]],"date-time":"2025-05-30T08:20:30Z","timestamp":1748593230000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["The role of vitamin D deficiency in the development and severity of oral lichen planus: a case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Rania","family":"Shalaby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghada","family":"Nabil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sally","family":"Ibrahim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali AW","family":"Kotb","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatem","family":"Amer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8690-6078","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salsabeel","family":"Afifi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"6398_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"813","DOI":"10.1111\/ODI.13323","volume":"27","author":"M\u00c1 Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles","year":"2021","unstructured":"1, Gonz\u00e1lez-Moles M\u00c1, Warnakulasuriya S, Gonz\u00e1lez-Ruiz I et al (2021) Worldwide prevalence of oral lichen planus: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 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