{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T17:27:14Z","timestamp":1793986034988,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756512000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005296","name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Regensburg","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005296","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate how surface treatment affects fracture force, flexural strength, and dynamic loading cycles until failure of 3D-printed restorations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Specimens (7 groups;\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20098 per group) were 3D-printed from an acrylate-based crown and bridge material. After cleaning and post-polymerization, specimens were treated with either silicon carbide paper (1000 grit; 1000\/4000 grit) or blasting (Al\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      O\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      ; 1\u00a0bar\/125 \u00b5m; 2\u00a0bar\/125 \u00b5m; 1\u00a0bar\/250 \u00b5m) to simulate laboratory treatment. Surface roughness (Arithmetic mean Sa\/maximum roughness height Sz; ISO 25178-2); fracture force (FF) and biaxial flexural strength (BFS; ISO 6872) were determined. The number of dynamic load cycles (LC) to failure was determined under cyclic loading in a BFS staircase approach. Statistics: ANOVA, Bonferroni-test, Kaplan-Meier survival, Pearson correlation; \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BFS ranged between 94.4\u00a0MPa and 199.9\u00a0MPa, FF between 260.6\u00a0N and 428.6\u00a0N and Sa\/Sz between 0.0\/1.0\u00a0\u03bcm and 1.8\/18.4\u00a0\u03bcm. BFS, FF and Sa\/Sz showed significant differences between the treatments (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and individual groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.013). Mean LC ranged between 204,364 and 267,637 cycles. ANOVA comparisons (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.706) and Log Rank test (Chi\n                      <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                      : 10,835;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.094; Fig.\u00a02) revealed no significant differences between the loading cycles. Surface treatment with either silicon carbide papers or blasting protocols had a significant influence on FF, BFS, Sa, and Sz, but not on LC.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Surface treatment affected the fracture force and biaxial fracture strength of a 3D-printed crown. It showed no influence on the long-term dynamic behavior.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Smooth surfaces improve the stability of a restoration fabricated from 3D-printing resins. Extensive surface roughness treatment before cementation can reduce the stability of a crown.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06518-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]],"date-time":"2025-08-30T06:20:38Z","timestamp":1756534838000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Influence of surface treatment on roughness, fracture force, flexural strength, and dynamic loading of a 3D-printed crown and bridge material"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Michael Benno","family":"Schmidt","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sebastian","family":"Hahnel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelika","family":"Rauch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Rosentritt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"6518_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prosdent.2019.10.024","volume":"124","author":"C Berli","year":"2020","unstructured":"Berli C, Thieringer FM, Sharma N et al (2020) Comparing the mechanical properties of pressed, milled, and 3D-printed resins for occlusal devices. 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