{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:00:17Z","timestamp":1792645217840,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760313600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different application protocols of surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer (S-PRG) sealant on penetration ability, retention, and occlusal caries inhibition, in comparison with resin-based sealant (RBS) under simulated oral conditions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Eighty-four extracted human third molars were randomly assigned to five groups: S-PRG sealant applied per manufacturer\u2019s instructions (G1), S-PRG with 37% phosphoric acid etching pretreatment (G2), S-PRG with fluoride varnish pretreatment (G3), RBS (G4), and a no-sealant control (G5). Sealant retention was assessed through visual inspection following water storage at 37\u00a0\u00b0C and thermocycling, whereas penetration depth was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Caries inhibition was evaluated via mineral density changes (\u0394MDV) measured by micro-CT after 21-day pH cycling and\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus mutans<\/jats:italic>\n                      bacterial challenge. Statistical analysis included Kruskal-Wallis tests, Mann-Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction, Chi-square tests, Spearman\u2019s correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      No statistically significant differences in sealant retention were found among the groups. RBS (G4) exhibited the highest median penetration (100%), followed by G2 (85.0%), G1 (59.5%), and G3 (44.5%), with significant differences among specific pairwise comparisons (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No significant difference in \u0394MDV were observed in pH cycling, but bacterial testing revealed significantly lower \u0394MDV in G2 and G4 compared to G3 and G5 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009\u2264\u20090.005).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>S-PRG sealants pretreated with phosphoric acid etching demonstrated significantly greater caries inhibition effects compared to using self-etched primer alone, and its caries prevention efficacies were comparable to that of RBS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These in vitro findings support the use of phosphoric acid etching to enhance the performance of S-PRG sealants.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06551-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T08:02:25Z","timestamp":1760342545000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Efficacy of sealants with surface pre-reacted glass (S-PRG) in retention, fissure penetration and occlusal caries Inhibition"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Steve H.C.","family":"Yeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed M.A.","family":"Abdalla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2468-2080","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Phoebe P.Y.","family":"Lam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4090-6205","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cynthia K.Y.","family":"Yiu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"6551_CR1","first-page":"179","volume":"5","author":"R Welbury","year":"2004","unstructured":"Welbury R, Raadal M, Lygidakis N (2004) EAPD guidelines for the use of pit and fissure sealants. 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