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A total of 99 restorations (33 for each material) were placed as follows: SFRC (everX Posterior), indirect lab composite (SR Nexco), and microhybrid resin composite (G-aenial Posterior). Clinical assessments were conducted at baseline (1 week), 6 months, 1, 2, and 3 years by two blinded examiners utilizing FDI criteria, with marginal adaptation designated as the primary outcome, whereas other FDI criteria were assessed as secondary outcomes. Intragroup differences across follow-ups were assessed using Friedman and Wilcoxon post-hoc tests, while intergroup comparisons were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U tests. The significance level was set at \u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-eight patients with a total of 84 restorations were evaluated at the end of the 3-years with 84.45% recall rates. The outcomes revealed no statistically significant differences among SFRC, indirect lab composite, and microhybrid resin composite restorations for the assessed criteria (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&gt;\u20090.05). The clinical success rates for SFRC (everX Posterior), indirect lab composite (SR Nexco), and microhybrid resin composite (G-aenial Posterior) were 100%, 100%, and 96.43%, respectively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>After a three-year follow-up period, both SFRC and indirect lab composite demonstrated acceptable clinical performance, comparable to that of microhybrid resin composite, as evaluated by the FDI criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical significance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although the tested resin composite materials revealed similar clinical behavior in posterior teeth, the prolonged treatment time and higher cost of indirect lab composite favor the direct approach.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06593-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T04:06:36Z","timestamp":1763697996000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Clinical performance of short fiber-reinforced and indirect resin composites in class I and class II restorations: A three-year randomized clinical trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6278-1998","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rasha M.","family":"Salama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3205-345X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hamdi H.","family":"Hamama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5243-3209","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Salah H.","family":"Mahmoud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"6593_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.3390\/polym15163413","volume":"15","author":"V Tsertsidou","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tsertsidou V, Mourouzis P, Dionysopoulos D, Pandoleon P, Tolidis K (2023) Fracture resistance of class II MOD cavities restored by direct and indirect techniques and different materials combination. 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