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To evaluate the independent role of\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      , positive\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      culture was not considered a local factor in defining secondary BMS. Clinical characteristics, taste test results, whole salivary flow rates, psychological profiles, and blood laboratory parameters were compared across groups, with age-matching applied when groups differed in age.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In the primary BMS,\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive patients showed no normogeusia and had significantly lower objective taste scores after age-matching. Stimulated whole salivary flow rates were significantly reduced in\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive patients with primary BMS and in those without burning mouth symptoms. Psychological distress was more pronounced in the\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      -positive subgroups within the primary BMS and in overall BMS groups.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A positive oral\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      culture is not universally associated with impaired taste but is associated with gustatory deficits, hyposalivation, and psychological stress in specific subgroups, particularly primary BMS.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A positive oral\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      culture may aggravate oral symptoms and psychological distress in patients with BMS, particularly those with primary BMS. Recognizing\n                      <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic>\n                      as an independent variable could improve etiology-based diagnosis and tailored management of taste-related complaints.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-026-06816-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:43:20Z","timestamp":1773387800000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Clinical and gustatory features in taste disorder patients based on oral Candida culture status"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3319-0464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sung Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9960-9892","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hong-Seop","family":"Kho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"6816_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2016.02.003","volume":"129","author":"Q Syed","year":"2016","unstructured":"Syed Q, Hendler KT, Koncilja K (2016) The impact of aging and medical status on dysgeusia. 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