{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T12:56:28Z","timestamp":1791896188013,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":24,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100017686","name":"Fujian Provincial Health Technology Project","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2025CXB036"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2025CXB036"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100017686","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-026-07008-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T08:58:49Z","timestamp":1784278729000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Deep learning\u2013based automated assessment of alveolar bone loss in CBCT for periodontitis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Yuyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongjie","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yihong","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunqi","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangling","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiufang","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiade","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuan","family":"Zhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"7008_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13506","volume":"48","author":"MX Chen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Chen MX, Zhong YJ, Dong QQ, Wong HM, Wen YF (2021) Global, regional, and national burden of severe periodontitis, 1990\u20132019: An analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. J Clin Periodontol 48:1165\u20131188. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.13506","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7008_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520908533","volume":"99","author":"E Bernabe","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bernabe E, Marcenes W, Hernandez CR, Bailey J, Abreu LG, Alipour V et al (2020) Global, regional, and national levels and trends in burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study. J Dent Res 99:362\u2013373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0022034520908533","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"7008_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S159","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.18-0006","volume":"89","author":"MS Tonetti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tonetti MS, Greenwell H, Kornman KS (2018) Staging and grading of periodontitis: Framework and proposal of a new classification and case definition. J Periodontol 89(1):S159\u2013S172. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/JPER.18-0006","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"issue":"Suppl 20","key":"7008_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S162","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12946","volume":"45","author":"PN Papapanou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N, Dietrich T, Feres M, Fine DH et al (2018) Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. J Clin Periodontol 45(Suppl 20):S162\u2013S170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.12946","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7008_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0906-6713.2003.003423.x","volume":"34","author":"A Mol","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mol A (2004) Imaging methods in periodontology. Periodontol 2000 34:34\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.0906-6713.2003.003423.x","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"7008_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-124X.154176","volume":"19","author":"AB Banodkar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Banodkar AB, Gaikwad RP, Gunjikar TU, Lobo TA (2015) Evaluation of accuracy of cone beam computed tomography for measurement of periodontal defects: A clinical study. J Indian Soc Periodontol 19:285\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0972-124X.154176","journal-title":"J Indian Soc Periodontol"},{"key":"7008_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20170084","DOI":"10.1259\/dmfr.20170084","volume":"47","author":"LF Haas","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haas LF, Zimmermann GS, De Luca Canto G, Flores-Mir C, Corr\u00eaa M (2018) Precision of cone beam CT to assess periodontal bone defects: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 47:20170084. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1259\/dmfr.20170084","journal-title":"Dentomaxillofac Radiol"},{"key":"7008_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e68202","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.68202","volume":"16","author":"SS Zahran","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zahran SS, Alghamdi MS, Babutain MM, Khalifa HM (2024) Visual behaviour during the interpretation of cone-beam computed tomography images of traumatic dental injuries: An eye-tracking study. Cureus 16:e68202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.68202","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"7008_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2020.10.013","volume":"16","author":"CN Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang CN, Zhu Y, Fan LF, Zhang X, Jiang YH, Gu YX (2021) Intra- and inter-observer agreements in detecting peri-implant bone defects between periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography: A clinical study. J Dent Sci 16:948\u2013956. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jds.2020.10.013","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"7008_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joen.2017.12.022","volume":"44","author":"CW Barnett","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barnett CW, Glickman GN, Umorin M, Jalali P (2018) Interobserver and intraobserver reliability of cone-beam computed tomography in identification of apical periodontitis. J Endod 44:938\u2013940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joen.2017.12.022","journal-title":"J Endod"},{"key":"7008_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2020.06.019","volume":"16","author":"SB Khanagar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khanagar SB, Al-Ehaideb A, Maganur PC, Vishwanathaiah S, Patil S, Baeshen HA et al (2021) Developments, application, and performance of artificial intelligence in dentistry: A systematic review. J Dent Sci 16:508\u2013522. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jds.2020.06.019","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"key":"7008_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13574","volume":"49","author":"CT Lee","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lee CT, Kabir T, Nelson J, Sheng S, Meng HW, Van Dyke TE et al (2022) Use of the deep learning approach to measure alveolar bone level. J Clin Periodontol 49:260\u2013269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpe.13574","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"key":"7008_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8495","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-44839-3","volume":"9","author":"J Krois","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krois J, Ekert T, Meinhold L, Golla T, Kharbot B, Wittemeier A et al (2019) Deep learning for the radiographic detection of periodontal bone loss. Sci Rep 9:8495. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-44839-3","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7008_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64509-z","volume":"10","author":"HJ Chang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Chang HJ, Lee SJ, Yong TH, Shin NY, Jang BG, Kim JE et al (2020) Deep learning hybrid method to automatically diagnose periodontal bone loss and stage periodontitis. Sci Rep 10:7531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-64509-z","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7008_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02119-z","volume":"22","author":"L Jiang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jiang L, Chen D, Cao Z, Wu F, Zhu H, Zhu F (2022) A two-stage deep learning architecture for radiographic staging of periodontal bone loss. BMC Oral Health 22:106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-022-02119-z","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"7008_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105373","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105373","volume":"150","author":"T Xue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xue T, Chen L, Sun Q (2024) Deep learning method to automatically diagnose periodontal bone loss and periodontitis stage in dental panoramic radiograph. J Dent 150:105373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2024.105373","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"7008_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015","volume":"31","author":"PA Yushkevich","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yushkevich PA, Piven J, Hazlett HC, Smith RG, Ho S, Gee JC et al (2006) User-guided 3D active contour segmentation of anatomical structures: Significantly improved efficiency and reliability. NeuroImage 31:1116\u20131128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2006.01.015","journal-title":"NeuroImage"},{"key":"7008_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2096","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29637-2","volume":"13","author":"Z Cui","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cui Z, Fang Y, Mei L, Zhang B, Yu B, Liu J et al (2022) A fully automatic AI system for tooth and alveolar bone segmentation from cone-beam CT images. Nat Commun 13:2096. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-29637-2","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"7008_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105813","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105813","volume":"159","author":"D Palkovics","year":"2025","unstructured":"Palkovics D, Molnar B, Pinter C, Garc\u00eda-Mato D, Diaz-Pinto A, Windisch P et al (2025) Automatic deep learning segmentation of mandibular periodontal bone topography on cone-beam computed tomography images. J Dent 159:105813. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jdent.2025.105813","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"7008_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-025-06578-w","volume":"29","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2025","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Xu Y, Khalil B, Nalley A, Tarce M (2025) An open deep learning-based framework and model for tooth instance segmentation in dental CBCT. Clin Oral Investig 29:473\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-025-06578-w","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"7008_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12556","volume":"84","author":"R Schulze","year":"2024","unstructured":"Schulze R, Couso-Queiruga E, Katsaros C (2024) Accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography in imaging the components of the periodontal phenotype. Periodontol 2000 84:1\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/prd.12556","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"7008_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1280","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics14121280","volume":"14","author":"R Wajer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wajer R, Wajer A, Kazimierczak N, Wilamowska J, Serafin Z (2024) The impact of AI on metal artifacts in CBCT oral cavity imaging. Diagnostics (Basel) 14:1280. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/diagnostics14121280","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"7008_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20645","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-08188-8","volume":"15","author":"GD Jo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jo GD, Park CW, Jeon KJ, Han SS (2025) Quantitative evaluation of metal artifact reduction in CBCT under varying exposure modes and rod orientations. Sci Rep 15:20645. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-025-08188-8","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"7008_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac8852","volume":"67","author":"CM Hyun","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hyun CM, Bayaraa T, Yun HS, Jang TJ, Park HS, Seo JK (2022) Deep learning method for reducing metal artifacts in dental cone-beam CT using supplementary information from intra-oral scan. Phys Med Biol 67:17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6560\/ac8852","journal-title":"Phys Med Biol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07008-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07008-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07008-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,14]],"date-time":"2026-08-14T07:15:44Z","timestamp":1786691744000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07008-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":24,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["7008"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07008-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the institutional review boards of the participating centers, including the School and Hospital of Stomatology, Fujian Medical University (2025ECSS006), Nanping Second Hospital (202541), Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University (2025K333), and Fujian Provincial Geriatric Hospital (20251002).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"344"}}