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After initial pellicle formation with 150\u00a0\u00b5l pooled human saliva (37\u00a0\u00b0C, 30\u00a0min), the dentine specimens were immersed in one of 9 pellicle modification solutions (2\u00a0ml\/specimen): deionized water (non-modified pellicle), SnCl\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/NaF\/AmF (commercial solution containing 800 ppm Sn\n                      <jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and 500 ppm F\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), NaF solution (500 ppm F\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), and six polyphenol solutions (2\u00a0mg \/ ml) with or without 500 ppm F\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      : blueberry extract (BBE and BBE\u2009+\u2009F\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ), green tea extract (GTE and GTE\u2009+\u2009F\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) and grape seed extract (GSE and GSE\u2009+\u2009F\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ). After another aliquot of saliva (150\u00a0\u00b5l, 37\u00a0\u00b0C, 60\u00a0min), the pellicles were harvested with sodium dodecyl sulphate by rubbing with cotton balls, and taken to proteomic analyses by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry after tryptic digestion.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 382 proteins were identified in all the proteomic analyses for all groups. Pellicle modification with fluoride, either NaF or SnCl\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/NaF\/AmF, led to the presence of 12 or 14 exclusive proteins, respectively, whereas modification with the solutions containing polyphenols presented less exclusive proteins (4\u20136 proteins). The number of exclusive proteins was even lower for when polyphenols and fluoride (GTE\u2009+\u2009F\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      and GSE\u2009+\u2009F\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      ) were used, with lower abundance of proteases.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We conclude that NaF and SnCl\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      \/NaF\/AmF significantly modify the proteome of the dentine pellicle. The combination of fluoride with polyphenols further lowers the abundance of proteins and proteases, which explains the positive effect of these solutions on the dentine pellicles.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Plant extract solutions with fluoride can significantly modify the proteomic structure of the dentine pellicle, which clarifies the mechanism of action of polyphenols on the protection of dentine demineralization.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-026-07097-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]],"date-time":"2026-09-14T08:42:00Z","timestamp":1789375320000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Proteomic profile of the dentine pellicle modified with plant polyphenols and fluoride"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2435-1169","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiago Saads","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5950-4137","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tommy","family":"Baumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5985-3951","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marilia Afonso Rabelo","family":"Buzalaf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9162-3654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniela","family":"Rios","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0570-7382","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Matthias","family":"Hannig","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9023-908X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samira Helena","family":"Niemeyer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"7097_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1159\/000360376","volume":"25","author":"M Hannig","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hannig M, Hannig C (2014) The pellicle and erosion. 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