{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:42:01Z","timestamp":1792453321976,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790899200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objectives of this study were; (1) to assess the accuracy of virtual surgical planning (VSP) and computer aided design and manufacturing (CAD\/CAM) in creating an anatomically oriented, bone-borne fracture reduction\/plate positioning patient specific surgical guide (PSSG) and a customized three-dimensional (3D) miniplate to achieve anatomical reduction and stabilization of fractured segments in mandibular angle fractures (MAF) via a more esthetic, less complication-laden intraoral access, and (2) to evaluate efficiency of customized 3D miniplates in reestablishment of masticatory function.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Twenty-four patients were included and randomly allocated into 2 groups;\n                      <jats:italic>group I<\/jats:italic>\n                      , where open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of MAF was performed using a fracture reduction\/plate positioning PSSG and a customized 3D miniplate and\n                      <jats:italic>group II,<\/jats:italic>\n                      where ORIF of MAF was performed using a single 2.0 superior border miniplate (Champy\u2019s technique). Assessment of accuracy of VSP in\n                      <jats:italic>group I<\/jats:italic>\n                      was carried out by superimposition of 3D virtual models of virtually preoperatively reduced mandible over those of surgically reduced and stabilized mandibles at 1\u00a0week and 6\u00a0months postoperatively. Clinical assessments of maximum bite force in Newtons (N) using a bite force measurement device as well as occlusion status according to the following scale: satisfactory (no gap), mild derangement (gap of 1\u20132 mm) or marked derangement (gap more than 2 mm) were carried out at 1\u00a0week, 1, 3 and 6\u00a0months postoperatively.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      In\n                      <jats:italic>group I<\/jats:italic>\n                      , superimposition of 3D virtual models of surgically reduced and stabilized mandibles at 1\u00a0week and 6\u00a0months over the virtually preoperatively reduced mandible revealed a mean surface deviation of 0.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09\u00a0mm and 0.45\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u00a0mm, respectively. Bite force measurements in\n                      <jats:italic>group I<\/jats:italic>\n                      were significantly higher (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) than those in\n                      <jats:italic>group II<\/jats:italic>\n                      at 1\u00a0week (20.48\u2009\u00b1\u20093.20N\u201413.24\u2009\u00b1\u20092.83N), 1\u00a0month (69.52\u2009\u00b1\u20093.42N\u201441.16\u2009\u00b1\u20093.02N) and 3\u00a0months (147.45\u2009\u00b1\u20093.00N\u2014139.50\u2009\u00b1\u20093.44N), respectively, with large effect sizes (PES\u2009&gt;\u20090.29). At six months, there was also a statistically significant difference (p\u2009=\u20090.003) between both groups (166.66\u2009\u00b1\u20092.8N\u2014162.31\u2009\u00b1\u20093.19N respectively) with higher bite force in group I, however, the effect size was moderate (PES\u2009=\u20090.13). Difference in postoperative occlusion status was statistically insignificant between both groups across all time points.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Assessment of accuracy of VSP revealed a minimal amount of discrepancy between 3D virtual models of surgically reduced and stabilized mandibles over those of virtually preoperatively reduced mandibles. An anatomically oriented, bone-borne fracture reduction\/plate positioning PSSG aided significantly in customized 3D miniplate positioning and fracture reduction. Fractures stabilized with a customized 3D miniplate were associated with higher bite forces when compared to single miniplate fixation, however, this must be interpreted with caution. We recommend that future studies be conducted on a larger sample size.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical relevance.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Based on the results of this study, we believe that utilizing VSP and CAD\/CAM for guided ORIF of MAF using customized 3D miniplates seems to be a promising method, allowing for predictable 3D miniplate positioning and fixation through an intraoral approach and may allow for early reestablishment of masticatory function.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>Clinical trials registration.<\/jats:p>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study was registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (ID: NCT06392204), verification date April 2024.\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06392204\" ext-link-type=\"uri\">https:\/\/clinicaltrials.gov\/study\/NCT06392204<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-026-07118-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T07:10:29Z","timestamp":1790925029000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Assessment of accuracy and efficiency of guided fixation of customized 3D miniplates vs Champy\u2019s technique in stabilization of mandibular angle fractures: A randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4183-3134","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arwa","family":"Hosni","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Shawky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed Ibrahim","family":"Sakr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Waleed","family":"El-Beialy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mostafa","family":"Ezz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Atef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"7118_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.7181\/acfs.2017.18.2.73","volume":"18","author":"J-H Lee","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lee J-H (2017) Treatment of mandibular angle fractures. Arch Craniofac Surg 18(2):73\u201375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7181\/acfs.2017.18.2.73","journal-title":"Arch Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"7118_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-019-01286-x","volume":"19","author":"R Sudheer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Sudheer R, Chakravarthy BD, Vura N, Rajasekhar G (2020) Management of Angle Mandible Fractures by 3D Rectangular Grid Plate: A Prospective Study. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 19(3):420\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12663-019-01286-x","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jds.2018.04.004","volume":"14","author":"P Wusiman","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wusiman P, Taxifulati D, Weidong L, Moming A (2019) Three-dimensional versus standard miniplate, lag screws versus miniplates, locking plate versus non-locking miniplates: Management of mandibular fractures, a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dent Sci 14(1):66\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jds.2018.04.004","journal-title":"J Dent Sci"},{"issue":"4","key":"7118_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-013-0542-3","volume":"13","author":"P Pattar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pattar P, Shetty S, Degala S (2014) A Prospective Study on Management of Mandibular Angle Fracture. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 13(4):592\u2013598. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12663-013-0542-3","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"key":"7118_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bohluli B, Mohammadi E, Oskui IZ, Moharamnejad N (2019) Treatment of mandibular angle fracture: Revision of the basic principles, Chin. J Traumatol. Zhonghua Chuang Shang Za Zhi. 22(2):117\u2013119 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cjtee.2019.01.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjtee.2019.01.005"},{"issue":"2","key":"7118_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-012-0374-1","volume":"18","author":"BR Chrcanovic","year":"2014","unstructured":"Chrcanovic BR (2014) Fixation of mandibular angle fractures: clinical studies. Oral Maxillofac Surg 18(2):123\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10006-012-0374-1","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR7","first-page":"12","volume":"15","author":"A Baltrusaityte","year":"2013","unstructured":"Baltrusaityte A, Surna A, Pileicikiene G, Kubilius R, Gleiznys A, Baltrusaitis M (2013) Dynamical changes of occlusion and articulation during treatment of mandibular angle fractures. Stomatologiia 15(1):12\u201319","journal-title":"Stomatologiia"},{"key":"7118_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mujtaba A, Malik NR, Umer MF, Mujtaba H, Zofeen S, Rana ZA (2022) A Comparison of Post-Operative Occlusion with 3-D vs. 2-D Miniplate Fixation in the Management of Isolated Mandibular Angle Fractures. J. 5(1):107\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/j5010008.","DOI":"10.3390\/j5010008"},{"issue":"2","key":"7118_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1272903","volume":"4","author":"R Perez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Perez R, Oeltjen JC, Thaller SR (2011) A review of mandibular angle fractures. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr 4(2):69\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0031-1272903","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"3","key":"7118_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.2227","volume":"20","author":"CL Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen CL, Zenga J, Patel R, Branham G (2018) Complications and Reoperations in Mandibular Angle Fractures. JAMA Facial Plast Surg 20(3):238\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamafacial.2017.2227","journal-title":"JAMA Facial Plast Surg"},{"key":"7118_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Shadamarshan Ra, Chowdhury S, Saxena V, Krishnaprabhu R (2021) Clinical applicability of three-dimensional plates in mandibular angle fractures - A review. J Dent Def Sect. 15(51). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/JODD.JODD_8_20.","DOI":"10.4103\/JODD.JODD_8_20"},{"issue":"2","key":"7118_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-019-00759-0","volume":"23","author":"E-O Batbayar","year":"2019","unstructured":"Batbayar E-O, Malwand S, Dijkstra PU, Bos RRM, van Minnen B (2019) Accuracy and outcome of mandibular fracture reduction without and with an aid of a repositioning forceps. Oral Maxillofac Surg 23(2):201\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10006-019-00759-0","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1177\/1943387520904897","volume":"14","author":"M Ramanathan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramanathan M, Panneerselvam E, Ganesh SK, Raja KK (2021) The Use of a Novel CAD-CAM Splint to Simplify Open Reduction and Internal Fixation of Mandibular Angle Fracture: A Technical Note. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr 14(1):74\u201378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1943387520904897","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"4","key":"7118_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-012-0367-0","volume":"17","author":"BR Chrcanovic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Chrcanovic BR (2013) Fixation of mandibular angle fractures: in vitro biomechanical assessments and computer-based studies. Oral Maxillofac Surg 17(4):251\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10006-012-0367-0","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"7118_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajoms.2019.12.003","volume":"32","author":"S Yadav","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yadav S, Mohanty S, Sharma P, Kohli S, Singh C, Dabas J (2020) Conventional 2D miniplate versus 3D four-holed and eight-holed miniplates in the management of mandibular angle fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol 32(5):336\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajoms.2019.12.003","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg Med Pathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"7118_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0038-1629907","volume":"12","author":"S Mondal","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mondal S, Singh G, Mishra M, Gaur A, Srivastava A (2019) Comparative evaluation between single noncompression miniplate and two noncompression miniplates in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 12(2):122\u2013127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0038-1629907","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1177\/2632327319881058","volume":"1","author":"G Singh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Singh G, Mishra M, Gaur A, Pathak D (2019) Comparison of Bite Force in Patients After Treatment of Mandibular Fractures With 3-Dimensional Locking Miniplate and Standard Miniplates. The Traumaxilla 1(1):7\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2632327319881058","journal-title":"The Traumaxilla"},{"key":"7118_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"KN AP, Girish G, Reddy KR, Rajendra KS, Sneha TR, Akarsh R (2025) Bite force measurement in maxillofacial trauma \u2013 A clinical prospective study. J Oral Med Oral Surg Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 7(1):42\u201349 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18231\/j.jooo.2021.008.","DOI":"10.18231\/j.jooo.2021.008"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7118_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S203","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.NJMS_65_20","volume":"13","author":"A Dadhich","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dadhich A, Nilesh K, Shah S, Saluja H (2022) Three-dimensional printing in maxillofacial surgery: A quantum leap in future. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 13(Suppl 1):S203\u2013S211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njms.NJMS_65_20","journal-title":"Natl J Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"7118_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eng.2020.02.019","volume":"6","author":"R Du","year":"2020","unstructured":"Du R et al (2020) A Systematic Approach for Making 3D-Printed Patient-Specific Implants for Craniomaxillofacial Reconstruction. Engineering 6:1291\u20131301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eng.2020.02.019","journal-title":"Engineering"},{"issue":"2","key":"7118_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1371356","volume":"7","author":"F Wilde","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wilde F, Cornelius C-P, Schramm A (2014) Computer-Assisted Mandibular Reconstruction using a Patient-Specific Reconstruction Plate Fabricated with Computer-Aided Design and Manufacturing Techniques. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr 7(2):158\u2013166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1371356","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-03000-3","volume":"23","author":"S-H Kim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kim S-H, Lee S-M, Park J-H, Yang S, Kim J-W (2023) Effectiveness of individualized 3D titanium-printed Orthognathic osteotomy guides and custom plates. BMC Oral Health 23(1):255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12903-023-03000-3","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-023-02313-w","volume":"50","author":"N Assink","year":"2024","unstructured":"Assink N et al (2024) Development of patient-specific osteosynthesis including 3D-printed drilling guides for medial tibial plateau fracture surgery. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg 50(1):11\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-023-02313-w","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg"},{"key":"7118_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ahmed A, Hassan S, Mohamed F, El Dakrory U (2022) Comparison between Two Computer Designed Custom Made Miniplates for The Treatment of Mandibular Angle Fractures. Al-Azhar Dent J Girls. 9(4):657\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21608\/adjg.2022.104155.1453.","DOI":"10.21608\/adjg.2022.104155.1453"},{"issue":"3","key":"7118_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.5125\/jkaoms.2016.42.3.144","volume":"42","author":"PVS Khandeparker","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khandeparker PVS, Dhupar V, Khandeparker RVS, Jain H, Savant K, Berwal V (2016) Transbuccal versus transoral approach for management of mandibular angle fractures: a prospective, clinical and radiographic study. J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg 42(3):144\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5125\/jkaoms.2016.42.3.144","journal-title":"J Korean Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"7118_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(90)90005-m","volume":"11","author":"WD Dupont","year":"1990","unstructured":"Dupont WD, Plummer WD (1990) Power and sample size calculations. A review and computer program. Control Clin Trials 11(2):116\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0197-2456(90)90005-m","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"issue":"2","key":"7118_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.05.015","volume":"41","author":"K Vineeth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vineeth K, Lalitha RM, Prasad K, Ranganath K, Shwetha V, Singh J (2013) \u2018A comparative evaluation between single noncompression titanium miniplate and three dimensional titanium miniplate in treatment of mandibular angle fracture\u2019\u2013a randomized prospective study. J Cranio-Maxillo-fac Surg Off Publ Eur Assoc Cranio-Maxillo-fac Surg 41(2):103\u2013109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jcms.2012.05.015","journal-title":"J Cranio-Maxillo-fac Surg Off Publ Eur Assoc Cranio-Maxillo-fac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","volume":"112","author":"J Cohen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cohen J (1992) Apowerprimer. Psychol Bull 112(1):155\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1007\/s11336-020-09698-2","volume":"85","author":"S Vandekar","year":"2020","unstructured":"Vandekar S, Tao R, Blume J (2020) A Robust Effect Size Index. Psychometrika 85(1):232\u2013246. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11336-020-09698-2","journal-title":"Psychometrika"},{"key":"7118_CR30","unstructured":"R Core Team. (2025) R A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. - References - Scientific Research Publishing. Accessed: Jan. 12, 2026. [Online]. Available: https:\/\/www.scirp.org\/reference\/referencespapers?referenceid=3967248"},{"issue":"4","key":"7118_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.022","volume":"80","author":"ID Roy","year":"2024","unstructured":"Roy ID, Desai AP, Ramyasri M, Mukesh K (2024) The role of patient specific implants in the oral and maxillofacial region. Med J Armed Forces India 80(4):387\u2013391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.mjafi.2024.04.022","journal-title":"Med J Armed Forces India"},{"key":"7118_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"el-Gengehi M, Seif SA (2015) Evaluation of the Accuracy of Computer-Guided Mandibular Fracture Reduction. J Craniofac Surg. 26(5):1587\u20131591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001773.","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000001773"},{"key":"7118_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"IJpma FFA et al. (2021) Feasibility of Imaging-Based 3-Dimensional Models to Design Patient-Specific Osteosynthesis Plates and Drilling Guides. JAMA Netw Open. 4(2):e2037519. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37519.","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.37519"},{"key":"7118_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"A. Al-Moraissi E, Ellis E (2014) What method for management of unilateral mandibular angle fractures has the lowest rate of postoperative complications? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off. J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 72(11):2197\u20132211 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2014.05.023.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.05.023"},{"key":"7118_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kimsal J, Baack B, Candelaria L, Khraishi T, Lovald S (2011) Biomechanical analysis of mandibular angle fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg Off J Am Assoc Oral Maxillofac Surg. 69(12):3010\u20133014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2010.12.042.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2010.12.042"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-025-00540-7","volume":"21","author":"A Sakkas","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sakkas A et al (2025) One-plate versus two-plate fixation in the treatment of mandibular angle fractures: a retrospective two-centre comparative study. Head Face Med 21(1):62. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13005-025-00540-7","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"7118_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2015.05.006","volume":"53","author":"EA Al-Moraissi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Moraissi EA (2015) One miniplate compared with two in the fixation of isolated fractures of the mandibular angle. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 53(8):690\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2015.05.006","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"7118_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1349213","volume":"6","author":"AS Xue","year":"2013","unstructured":"Xue AS, Koshy JC, Wolfswinkel EM, Weathers WM, Marsack KP, Hollier LH (2013) A Prospective Study of Strut versus Miniplate for Fractures of Mandibular Angle. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr 6(3):191\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1349213","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0032-1332211","volume":"6","author":"US Pal","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pal US, Singh RK, Dhasmana S, Das S, Das SK (2013) Use of 3-d plate in displaced angle fracture of mandible. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr 6(1):25\u201330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0032-1332211","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"7118_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Quinn J, McFadden R, Chan C-W, Carson L (2020) Titanium for Orthopedic Applications: An Overview of Surface Modification to Improve Biocompatibility and Prevent Bacterial Biofilm Formation. iScience. 23(11):101745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101745.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.isci.2020.101745"},{"key":"7118_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Pacifici L, De Angelis F, Orefici A, Cielo A (2017) Metals used in maxillofacial surgery. Oral Implantol. 9:Suppl 1\/2016 to N 4\/2016, 107\u2013111. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11138\/orl\/2016.9.1S.107.","DOI":"10.11138\/orl\/2016.9.1S.107"},{"issue":"4","key":"7118_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-024-01275-6","volume":"28","author":"J Pfister","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pfister J, Shazwani FN, M\u00fcller M, Burkhard J-P (2024) Clinical results of two different three-dimensional plate types for the treatment of mandibular angle fractures: a retrospective analysis. Oral Maxillofac Surg 28(4):1501\u20131507. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10006-024-01275-6","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"7118_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1177\/19433875231225707","volume":"17","author":"BR Squier","year":"2024","unstructured":"Squier BR, Kongsong W, Cofield SS, Bignault S, Sittitavornwong S (2024) Comparison of strengths of mandibular angle fractures following different plate designs: a human cadaver study. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 17(4):295\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/19433875231225707","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"6","key":"7118_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.03.014","volume":"104","author":"A Alkan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Alkan A, Celebi N, Ozden B, Ba\u015f B, Inal S (2007) Biomechanical comparison of different plating techniques in repair of mandibular angle fractures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 104(6):752\u2013756. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tripleo.2007.03.014","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-017-1068-x","volume":"18","author":"N Mishra","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mishra N et al (2019) 3-D Miniplates Versus Conventional Miniplates in Treatment of Mandible Fractures. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 18(1):65\u201372. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12663-017-1068-x","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"7118_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e149","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31827c8093","volume":"24","author":"EM Wolfswinkel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wolfswinkel EM et al (2013) Treatment of mandibular angle fractures with a matrix strut miniplate. J Craniofac Surg 24(2):e149-152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31827c8093","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"7118_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1007\/s12663-022-01699-1","volume":"21","author":"S Saxena","year":"2022","unstructured":"Saxena S et al (2022) Comparative Assessment of Clinical and Quality of Life Outcomes in Mandibular Angle Fractures Treated with Standard and Three-Dimensional Mini-Plates. J Maxillofac Oral Surg 21(4):1386\u20131392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12663-022-01699-1","journal-title":"J Maxillofac Oral Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.4103\/njms.NJMS_76_16","volume":"8","author":"PK Kinra","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kinra PK, Jayakumar K, Soumithran CS, Michael MJ, Passi D, Singh M (2017) Comparative evaluation of bite force analytical study following mandibular osteosysthesis using three-dimensional and conventional locking miniplates. Natl J Maxillofac Surg 8(1):34\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/njms.NJMS_76_16","journal-title":"Natl J Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1186\/s13005-020-00250-2","volume":"16","author":"A Alkhayer","year":"2020","unstructured":"Alkhayer A, Piffk\u00f3 J, Lippold C, Segatto E (2020) Accuracy of virtual planning in orthognathic surgery: a systematic review. Head Face Med 16(1):34. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13005-020-00250-2","journal-title":"Head Face Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1186\/s40902-025-00495-4","volume":"47","author":"A Gaber","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gaber A, Hatem H, El M, Omara M (2025) \u201cPrecision of patient specific screw holes locating surgical guide and pre-bent plates osteosynthesis versus classical workflow in management of class III mandibular fracture. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 47(1):43. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40902-025-00495-4","journal-title":"Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"7118_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s11548-021-02353-w","volume":"16","author":"J Nilsson","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nilsson J, Nysj\u00f6 F, Nystr\u00f6m I, K\u00e4mpe J, Thor A (2021) Evaluation of in-house, haptic assisted surgical planning for virtual reduction of complex mandibular fractures. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 16(6):1059\u20131068. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11548-021-02353-w","journal-title":"Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"7118_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1356755","volume":"6","author":"D Sybil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sybil D, Gopalkrishnan K (2013) Assessment of masticatory function using bite force measurements in patients treated for mandibular fractures. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr 6(4):247\u2013250. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0033-1356755","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"1","key":"7118_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0035-1563697","volume":"9","author":"S Rastogi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rastogi S, Reddy MP, Swarup AG, Swarup D, Choudhury R (2016) Assessment of Bite Force in Patients Treated with 2.0-mm Traditional Miniplates versus 2.0-mm Locking Plates for Mandibular Fracture. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr 9(1):62\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0035-1563697","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr"},{"key":"7118_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsurg.2022.778371","volume":"9","author":"K Kreutzer","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kreutzer K et al (2022) Patient-specific 3D-printed miniplates for free flap fixation at the mandible: a feasibility study. Front Surg 9:778371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fsurg.2022.778371","journal-title":"Front Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"7118_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0036-1572492","volume":"9","author":"A Thor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thor A (2016) Preoperative Planning of Virtual Osteotomies Followed by Fabrication of Patient Specific Reconstruction Plate for Secondary Correction and Fixation of Displaced Bilateral Mandibular Body Fracture. Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr 9(2):188\u2013194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0036-1572492","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofacial Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"6","key":"7118_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.01.003","volume":"115","author":"H Suenaga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Suenaga H, Taniguchi A, Yonenaga K, Hoshi K, Takato T (2016) Computer-assisted preoperative simulation for positioning of plate fixation in Lefort I osteotomy: a case report. J Formos Med Assoc Taiwan Yi Zhi 115(6):470\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jfma.2016.01.003","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc Taiwan Yi Zhi"},{"key":"7118_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037048","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1037048","volume":"10","author":"JZ Moolenaar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Moolenaar JZ, T\u00fcmer N, Checa S (2022) Computer-assisted preoperative planning of bone fracture fixation surgery: A state-of-the-art review. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 10:1037048. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fbioe.2022.1037048","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechnol"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07118-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07118-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07118-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T23:05:07Z","timestamp":1792451107000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07118-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["7118"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07118-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Research protocol and informed consent templates were approved by research ethics committee, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University in April 2023, Ref. No. (2\u20134-23). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The study was conducted following the Declaration of Helsinki, revised in 2013.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Compliance with ethical standards","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflicts of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"496"}}