{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T19:12:56Z","timestamp":1792782776258,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790208000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"University of Zurich","id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/02crff812","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clin Oral Invest"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This study evaluated the load-bearing capacity and reliability of different zirconia materials used for\n                      <jats:italic>inlay-retained fixed dental prostheses (IRFDPs)<\/jats:italic>\n                      , considering the influence of substrate type (tooth substrate or resin composite) and thermo-mechanical aging.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      IRFDPs (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009160) were fabricated using four zirconia materials: IPS e.max ZirCAD LT (3Y-TZP), Katana YML (3Y-5Y graded zirconia), Katana HTML Plus, and Katana STML (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200940 each). Restorations were adhesively cemented onto tooth or resin composite substrates and tested either under dry conditions or after thermo-mechanical aging (1,200,000 cycles, 50\u00a0N, 5\u201355\u00a0\u00b0C). Fracture load was determined using monotonic load-to-fracture testing. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Tukey\u2019s test (\u03b1\u2009=\u20090.05). Reliability of durability was assessed using Weibull analysis.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Under dry conditions, material (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0047), substrate (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0237), and their interaction (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0004) significantly influenced fracture load. YML-composite (1406\u2009\u00b1\u2009386\u00a0N) and HTML-composite (1142\u2009\u00b1\u2009249\u00a0N) showed higher values than STML-composite (553\u2009\u00b1\u2009246\u00a0N). No significant differences were observed on tooth. substrate After aging, material and interaction effects remained significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). HTML-tooth showed the highest fracture load (1727\u2009\u00b1\u2009351\u00a0N), while STML-composite showed the lowest (718\u2009\u00b1\u2009292\u00a0N). Weibull analysis indicated comparable reliability after aging.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Zirconia type and substrate significantly influenced mechanical performance of IRFDPs. High-translucent and graded zirconia showed substrate-dependent behavior, whereas 3Y zirconia was more stable.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Zirconia selection and bonding substrate influence fracture resistance of IRFDPs. High-translucent zirconia requires careful substrate selection, while 3Y zirconia provides more consistent performance in posterior applications.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-026-07147-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T09:44:05Z","timestamp":1790243045000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Load-bearing capacity and Weibull characteristics of inlay-retained fixed dental prosthesis: Effect of zirconia type, bonded substrate and aging"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Meret","family":"Helbling","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luiza Freitas Brum","family":"Souza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abd\u00fclhakim Alpaslan","family":"Sener","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enkelejd Angelo","family":"Cankja","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tan F\u0131rat","family":"Ey\u00fcbo\u011flu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mutlu","family":"\u00d6zcan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"7147_CR1","first-page":"241","volume":"22","author":"D Edelhoff","year":"2002","unstructured":"Edelhoff D, Sorensen JA (2002) Tooth structure removal associated with various preparation designs for posterior teeth. Int J Periodontics Restor Dent 22:241\u2013249","journal-title":"Int J Periodontics Restor Dent"},{"key":"7147_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1111\/jopr.13258","volume":"30","author":"W B\u00f6micke","year":"2021","unstructured":"B\u00f6micke W, Rathmann F, Pilz M et al (2021) Clinical performance of posterior inlay-retained and wing-retained monolithic zirconia resin-bonded fixed partial dentures: stage one results of a randomized controlled trial. J Prosthodont 30:384\u2013393","journal-title":"J Prosthodont"},{"key":"7147_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.4012\/dmj.2022-230","volume":"42","author":"MB G\u00fcng\u00f6r","year":"2023","unstructured":"G\u00fcng\u00f6r MB, Nemli SK, Inal CB, Aydin C (2023) Effects of ceramic type, connector dimension, and thermomechanical-aging on the fracture resistance and fit of CAD-CAM produced inlay-retained fixed partial dentures. Dent Mater J 42:523\u2013531","journal-title":"Dent Mater J"},{"key":"7147_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e58","DOI":"10.1590\/1807-3107bor-2017.vol31.0058","volume":"31","author":"LHD Silva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Silva LHD, Lima E, Miranda RBP, Favero SS, Lohbauer U, Cesar PF (2017) Dental ceramics: a review of new materials and processing methods. Braz Oral Res 31:e58","journal-title":"Braz Oral Res"},{"key":"7147_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4327","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04396-y","volume":"26","author":"P Pontevedra","year":"2022","unstructured":"Pontevedra P, Lopez-Suarez C, Rodriguez V, Pelaez J, Suarez MJ (2022) Randomized clinical trial comparing monolithic and veneered zirconia three-unit posterior fixed partial dentures in a complete digital flow: three-year follow-up. Clin Oral Investig 26:4327\u20134335","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"7147_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e15669","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.15669","volume":"11","author":"S Kongkiatkamon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kongkiatkamon S, Rokaya D, Kengtanyakich S, Peampring C (2023) Current classification of zirconia in dentistry: an updated review. PeerJ 11:e15669","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"7147_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4982","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11174982","volume":"11","author":"ML P\u00f6ppel","year":"2022","unstructured":"P\u00f6ppel ML, Rosentritt M, Sturm R et al (2022) Fracture load and fracture patterns of monolithic three-unit anterior fixed dental prostheses after in vitro artificial aging-a comparison between color-gradient and strength-gradient multilayer zirconia materials with varying yttria content. J Clin Med 11:4982","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"7147_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Labeti\u0107 A, Klaser T, Skoko \u017d, Jakovac M, \u017dic M (2024) Flexural strength and morphological study of different multilayer zirconia dental materials. Mater (Basel) 17(5):1143","DOI":"10.3390\/ma17051143"},{"key":"7147_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.02.017","volume":"35","author":"N Kolakarnprasert","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kolakarnprasert N, Kaizer MR, Kim DK, Zhang Y (2019) New multi-layered zirconias: composition, microstructure and translucency. Dent Mater 35:797\u2013806","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"7147_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-025-06938-8","volume":"36","author":"JM Ham","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ham JM, Lee JH, Ha SR, Seo DG, Ahn JS, Choi YS (2025) Changes in the flexural strength and surface characteristics of different zones of multilayered translucent zirconia during aging process. J Mater Sci Mater Med 36:78","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Med"},{"key":"7147_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2009.09.006","volume":"26","author":"JB Quinn","year":"2010","unstructured":"Quinn JB, Quinn GD (2010) A practical and systematic review of Weibull statistics for reporting strengths of dental materials. Dent Mater 26:135\u2013147","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"7147_CR12","first-page":"138","volume":"22","author":"S Tavakolizadeh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tavakolizadeh S, Dehghan M, Ghoveizi R, MScD D, Fayyazi A (2021) Shear bond strength of zirconia ceramic to four different core materials, an in vitro study. J Dent (Shiraz) 22:138\u2013143","journal-title":"J Dent (Shiraz)"},{"key":"7147_CR13","unstructured":"Ordinance on human research with the exception of clinical trials (2013) (Status as of 1 September 2023)"},{"key":"7147_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2191","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.281053","volume":"310","author":"WM Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"Association WM (2013) World Medical Association Declaration of Helsinki: ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects. JAMA 310:2191\u20132194","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"7147_CR15","volume-title":"Ratification dated 29 April 2015","author":"Kantonale Ethikkommission Z\u00fcrich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kantonale Ethikkommission Z\u00fcrich (2015) Ratification dated 29 April 2015. Kantonale Ethikkommission Z\u00fcrich, Z\u00fcrich"},{"key":"7147_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat1323","volume":"4","author":"V Imbeni","year":"2005","unstructured":"Imbeni V, Kruzic JJ, Marshall GW, Marshall SJ, Ritchie RO (2005) The dentin-enamel junction and the fracture of human teeth. Nat Mater 4:229\u2013232","journal-title":"Nat Mater"},{"key":"7147_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.07.006","volume":"35","author":"K Heck","year":"2019","unstructured":"Heck K, Paterno H, Lederer A, Litzenburger F, Hickel R, Kunzelmann KH (2019) Fatigue resistance of ultrathin CAD\/CAM ceramic and nanoceramic composite occlusal veneers. Dent Mater 35:1370\u20131377","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"7147_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2015.04.017","volume":"31","author":"M Sasse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sasse M, Krummel A, Klosa K, Kern M (2015) Influence of restoration thickness and dental bonding surface on the fracture resistance of full-coverage occlusal veneers made from lithium disilicate ceramic. Dent Mater 31:907\u2013915","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"7147_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2019.07.001","volume":"35","author":"A Krummel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Krummel A, Garling A, Sasse M, Kern M (2019) Influence of bonding surface and bonding methods on the fracture resistance and survival rate of full-coverage occlusal veneers made from lithium disilicate ceramic after cyclic loading. Dent Mater 35:1351\u20131359","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"7147_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.01.127","volume":"31","author":"S Bechtle","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bechtle S, Fett T, Rizzi G, Habelitz S, Klocke A, Schneider GA (2010) Crack arrest within teeth at the dentinoenamel junction caused by elastic modulus mismatch. Biomaterials 31:4238\u20134247","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"7147_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2012.06.014","volume":"15","author":"A Barani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Barani A, Bush MB, Lawn BR (2012) Effect of property gradients on enamel fracture in human molar teeth. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 15:121\u2013130","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"7147_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/S0003-9969(02)00006-7","volume":"47","author":"JL Cuy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cuy JL, Mann AB, Livi KJ, Teaford MF, Weihs TP (2002) Nanoindentation mapping of the mechanical properties of human molar tooth enamel. Arch Oral Biol 47:281\u2013291","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"key":"7147_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmbbm.2020.104290","volume":"115","author":"H Zamzam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zamzam H, Olivares A, Fok A (2021) Load capacity of occlusal veneers of different restorative CAD\/CAM materials under lateral static loading. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 115:104290","journal-title":"J Mech Behav Biomed Mater"},{"key":"7147_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(03)00173-2","volume":"89","author":"AJ St-Georges","year":"2003","unstructured":"St-Georges AJ, Sturdevant JR, Swift EJ Jr, Thompson JY (2003) Fracture resistance of prepared teeth restored with bonded inlay restorations. J Prosthet Dent 89:551\u2013557","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7147_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3913(13)60374-1","volume":"110","author":"PC Guess","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guess PC, Schultheis S, Wolkewitz M, Zhang Y, Strub JR (2013) Influence of preparation design and ceramic thicknesses on fracture resistance and failure modes of premolar partial coverage restorations. J Prosthet Dent 110:264\u2013273","journal-title":"J Prosthet Dent"},{"key":"7147_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2004.02.009","volume":"32","author":"VF Ferrario","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ferrario VF, Sforza C, Zanotti G, Tartaglia GM (2004) Maximal bite forces in healthy young adults as predicted by surface electromyography. J Dent 32:451\u2013457","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"7147_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-013-1029-9","volume":"18","author":"V Preis","year":"2014","unstructured":"Preis V, Dowerk T, Behr M, Kolbeck C, Rosentritt M (2014) Influence of cusp inclination and curvature on the in vitro failure and fracture resistance of veneered zirconia crowns. Clin Oral Investig 18:891\u2013900","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"key":"7147_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dental.2020.04.022","volume":"36","author":"M Shahmoradi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shahmoradi M, Wan B, Zhang Z, Wilson T, Swain M, Li Q (2020) Monolithic crowns fracture analysis: the effect of material properties, cusp angle and crown thickness. Dent Mater 36:1038\u20131051","journal-title":"Dent Mater"},{"key":"7147_CR29","first-page":"e897","volume":"9","author":"L Fern\u00e1ndez-Estevan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Estevan L, Millan-Mart\u00ednez D, Fons-Font A, Agust\u00edn-Panadero R, Rom\u00e1n-Rodr\u00edguez JL (2017) Methodology in specimen fabrication for in vitro dental studies: standardization of extracted tooth preparation. J Clin Exp Dent 9:e897\u2013e900","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Dent"}],"container-title":["Clinical Oral Investigations"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07147-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07147-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07147-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T22:01:44Z","timestamp":1792447304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07147-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["7147"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00784-026-07147-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1436-3771"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1436-3771","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 May 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The use of extracted human teeth complied with institutional and national ethical guidelines, and written informed consent for secondary use was obtained from all donors. All specimens were irreversibly anonymized prior to use.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"For this type of study, a formal consent is not required.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Informed Consent","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}],"article-number":"463"}}