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Removable occlusal splints can be helpful in these advanced cases. This in-vitro study compared the accuracy and internal fit of removable occlusal splints fabricated by 3D-printing and milling from a standardized STL-file.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A standard-tessellation-language (STL)-file was created from a scanned master-model of the upper jaw and used for production of forty identical splints. Twenty splints were 3D-printed and twenty were milled. Subsequently all splints were rescanned, new STL-files resulted, which were compared with the original STL-file. Accuracy of both methods were assessed at 42 predefined points. Distances from vestibular to vestibular (v-v) respectively palatinal to palatinal (p-p) between molars were compared. Mann-Whitney-test was used for comparison (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Mean values were 43.9\u2009\u00b1\u200931.29\u00a0\u03bcm (3D) and 22.0\u2009\u00b1\u200918.46\u00a0\u03bcm (milled), with a significant difference between groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, Mann-Whitney). The 3D technique resulted generally in a contraction (mean (SD) v-v: mean\u2009\u2212\u200913.0\u00a0\u03bcm (\u00b1\u200992.16); p-p: -9.3\u00a0\u03bcm (\u00b1\u2009123.03)). With the milled technique, a contraction vestibular-to-vestibular (-4.0\u00a0\u03bcm (\u00b1\u200953.63)), but palatinal-to-palatinal an expansion was measured (38.5\u00a0\u03bcm (\u00b1\u200933.86)). Vestibular, differences between groups were not significant (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.862, Mann-Whitney), but palatinal at the second molar (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, Mann-Whitney).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both techniques showed deviations comparable to previous in-vitro studies of digitally manufactured occlusal splints. Less deviations were found in posterior areas of the dental arch with milled manufacturing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Manufacturing of removable occlusal splints with CAD\/CAM appears to be a precise and comfortable option.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-026-07211-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T06:56:08Z","timestamp":1791528968000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Comparison of additive and subtractive digital workflow for the accuracy of removable occlusal stabilization-splints \u2013 an in-vitro study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-1882-474X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna-Lena","family":"Willmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joachim","family":"Schroeder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tudor Radu","family":"Popescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1015-3145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4160-5837","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00f8ren","family":"Jepsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4697-6984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pia-Merete","family":"Jerv\u00f8e-Storm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"7211_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S173","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.17-0721","volume":"89","author":"PN Papapanou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papapanou PN, Sanz M, Buduneli N et al (2018) Periodontitis: Consensus report of workgroup 2 of the 2017 World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-Implant Diseases and Conditions. 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