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In the 26 radiographs with missing teeth the missing count was exact in 42% (62% within \u00b1\u20091 tooth), and missing teeth were over-called in 15 of 74 complete dentitions; tooth loss was no longer overlooked (26 of 26 detected), but the overall ICC was 0.84 versus 0.90 without numbering.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Automated rDMFT estimation is feasible, but agreement was lower in point estimate than between two dentists, with larger errors against each dentist. The missing component now responds to actual tooth loss but remains imprecise and is over-called in some complete dentitions; the decayed component is unreliable. The pipeline is a research building block, not a decision-support or triage tool.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>rDMFT is a radiographic proxy, not a clinical measure, and the pipeline is not proposed for clinical use; any application would first require validation in unselected cohorts against clinically determined reference standards.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-026-07214-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T12:17:34Z","timestamp":1792066654000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Development and external validation of an AI pipeline for automated estimation of a radiographic DMFT (rDMFT) score from panoramic radiographs: a feasibility study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2298-3696","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Babak","family":"Saravi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veronika","family":"Shavlokhova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashraf","family":"T\u00fcrky","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daman Deep","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felix","family":"Schrader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas","family":"Vollmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norbert","family":"K\u00fcbler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Sproll","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lara","family":"Schorn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"7214_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520908533","volume":"99","author":"BE Marcenes","year":"2020","unstructured":"GBD 2017 Oral Disorders Collaborators, Marcenes BE (2020) Global, Regional, and National Levels and Trends in Burden of Oral Conditions from 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Study. 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