{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,18]],"date-time":"2026-07-18T00:08:59Z","timestamp":1784333339561,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]],"date-time":"2014-06-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1401753600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0563-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,2]],"date-time":"2014-06-02T18:25:21Z","timestamp":1401733521000},"page":"199-207","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Trends in psychopharmacologic treatment of tic disorders in children and adolescents in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Christian J.","family":"Bachmann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veit","family":"Roessner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerd","family":"Glaeske","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Falk","family":"Hoffmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"563_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pediatrneurol.2012.05.002","volume":"47","author":"T Knight","year":"2012","unstructured":"Knight T, Steeves T, Day L et al (2012) Prevalence of tic disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Pediatr Neurol 47:77\u201390","journal-title":"Pediatr Neurol"},{"key":"563_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1346","DOI":"10.1097\/01.chi.0000251210.98749.83","volume":"45","author":"N Khalifa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Khalifa N, von Knorring A-L (2006) Psychopathology in a Swedish population of school children with tic disorders. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 45:1346\u20131353","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"192\u2013201","key":"563_CR3","first-page":"e5","volume":"51","author":"JM Scharf","year":"2012","unstructured":"Scharf JM, Miller LL, Mathews CA, Ben-Shlomo Y (2012) Prevalence of Tourette syndrome and chronic tics in the population-based Avon longitudinal study of parents and children cohort. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 51(192\u2013201):e5","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"563_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162200000839","volume":"42","author":"RD Freeman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Freeman RD, Fast DK, Burd L et al (2000) An international perspective on Tourette syndrome: selected findings from 3,500 individuals in 22 countries. Dev Med Child Neurol 42:436\u2013447","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"563_CR5","first-page":"821","volume":"109","author":"AG Ludolph","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ludolph AG, Roessner V, M\u00fcnchau A, M\u00fcller-Vahl K (2012) Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders in childhood, adolescence and adulthood. Dtsch Arztebl Int 109(48):821\u2013828. doi: 10.3238\/arztebl.2012.0821","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"563_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0163-7","volume":"20","author":"V Roessner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roessner V, Plessen KJ, Rothenberger A et al (2011) European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part II: pharmacological treatment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 20:173\u2013196","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"563_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1007\/s11940-013-0238-5","volume":"15","author":"DJ Wile","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wile DJ, Pringsheim TM (2013) Behavior therapy for Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Curr Treat Options Neurol 15:385\u2013395","journal-title":"Curr Treat Options Neurol"},{"key":"563_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0167-3","volume":"20","author":"C Verdellen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Verdellen C, van de Griendt J, Hartmann A, Murphy T (2011) European clinical guidelines for Tourette syndrome and other tic disorders. Part III: behavioural and psychosocial interventions. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 20:197\u2013207. doi: 10.1007\/s00787-011-0167-3","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"563_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.25488","volume":"28","author":"L Scahill","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scahill L, Woods DW, Himle MB et al (2013) Current controversies on the role of behavior therapy in Tourette syndrome. Mov Disord 28:1179\u20131183","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"563_CR10","unstructured":"Deutsche Gesellschaft f\u00fcr Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie (2007) Ticst\u00f6rungen (F95). Leitlinien zur Diagnostik und Therapie von psychischen St\u00f6rungen im S\u00e4uglings-, Kindes- und Jugendalter. Deutscher \u00c4rzte Verlag, pp 319\u2013325"},{"key":"563_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1504","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808331363","volume":"24","author":"NM Debes","year":"2009","unstructured":"Debes NM, Hjalgrim H, Skov L (2009) The presence of comorbidity in Tourette syndrome increases the need for pharmacological treatment. J Child Neurol 24:1504\u20131512","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"563_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.11.009","volume":"50","author":"M Olfson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Olfson M, Crystal S, Gerhard T et al (2011) Patterns and correlates of tic disorder diagnoses in privately and publicly insured youth. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50:119\u2013131. doi: 10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.11.009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"563_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073812465121","volume":"28","author":"RH Bitsko","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bitsko RH, Danielson M, King M et al (2013) Health care needs of children with Tourette syndrome. J Child Neurol 28:1626\u20131636","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"563_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zito JM, Safer DJ, de Jong-van den Berg LTW et al. (2008) A three-country comparison of psychotropic medication prevalence in youth. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2:26","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-2-26"},{"key":"563_CR15","unstructured":"Arbeitsgruppe Erhebung und Nutzung von Sekund\u00e4rdaten (AGENS) (2012) Gute Praxis Sekund\u00e4rdatenanalyse (GPS) Leitlinien und Empfehlungen (3. Fassung). http:\/\/dgepi.de\/fileadmin\/pdf\/leitlinien\/GPS_fassung3.pdf"},{"key":"563_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2008.59.5.554","volume":"59","author":"LJ Kalverdijk","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kalverdijk LJ, Tobi H, van den Berg PB et al (2008) Use of antipsychotic drugs among Dutch youths between 1997 and 2005. Psychiatr Serv 59:554\u2013560","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"563_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.2009.60.2.269","volume":"60","author":"I Schubert","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schubert I, Lehmkuhl G (2009) Increased antipsychotic prescribing to youths in Germany. Psychiatr Serv 60:269","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"563_CR18","first-page":"25","volume":"111","author":"CJ Bachmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bachmann CJ, Lempp T, Glaeske G, Hoffmann F (2014) Antipsychotic prescription in children and adolescents: an analysis of data from a german statutory health insurance company from 2005 to 2012. Dtsch Arztebl Int 111:25\u201334","journal-title":"Dtsch Arztebl Int"},{"key":"563_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2551","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.05.028","volume":"34","author":"CJ Bachmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bachmann CJ, Manthey T, Kamp-Becker I et al (2013) Psychopharmacological treatment in children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders in Germany. Res Dev Disabil 34:2551\u20132563","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"563_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2009.10.003","volume":"26","author":"M Schlander","year":"2011","unstructured":"Schlander M, Schwarz O, Rothenberger A, Roessner V (2011) Tic disorders: administrative prevalence and co-occurrence with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in a German community sample. Eur Psychiatry 26:370\u2013374","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"563_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hoffmann F, Bachmann CJ (2014) Unterschiede in den soziodemografischen Merkmalen, der Gesundheit und Inanspruchnahme bei Kindern und Jugendlichen nach ihrer Krankenkassenzugeh\u00f6rigkeit (Differences in sociodemographic characteristics, health, and health service use of children and adolescents according to their health insurance funds). Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 57:455\u2013463","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-013-1916-x"},{"key":"563_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1106","DOI":"10.1002\/mds.23053","volume":"25","author":"J Paszek","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paszek J, Pollok B, Biermann-Ruben K et al (2010) Is it a tic?\u2014Twenty seconds to make a diagnosis. Mov Disord 25:1106\u20131108","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"563_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-010-0143-3","volume":"20","author":"V Roessner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roessner V, Hoekstra PJ, Rothenberger A (2011) Tourette\u2019s disorder and other tic disorders in DSM-5: a comment. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 20:71\u201374","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"563_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2008.03.007","volume":"65","author":"MM Robertson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Robertson MM (2008) The prevalence and epidemiology of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome. Part 2: tentative explanations for differing prevalence figures in GTS, including the possible effects of psychopathology, aetiology, cultural differences, and differing phenotypes. J Psychosom Res 65:473\u2013486","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"563_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2011.07.004","volume":"53","author":"AB Lewin","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lewin AB, Murphy TK, Storch EA et al (2012) A phenomenological investigation of women with Tourette or other chronic tic disorders. Compr Psychiatry 53:525\u2013534","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"key":"563_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-006-9086-z","volume":"35","author":"V Roessner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roessner V, Becker A, Banaschewski T, Rothenberger A (2007) Psychopathological profile in children with chronic tic disorder and co-existing ADHD: additive effects. J Abnorm Child Psychol 35:79\u201385","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"563_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-007-1005-5","volume":"16","author":"V Roessner","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roessner V, Becker A, Banaschewski T, Rothenberger A (2007) Executive functions in children with chronic tic disorders with\/without ADHD: new insights. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 16(Suppl 1):36\u201344","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"563_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.56.4.330","volume":"56","author":"KD Gadow","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gadow KD, Sverd J, Sprafkin J et al (1999) Long-term methylphenidate therapy in children with comorbid attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and chronic multiple tic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 56:330\u2013336","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"563_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162206001290","volume":"48","author":"V Roessner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roessner V, Robatzek M, Knapp G et al (2006) First-onset tics in patients with attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder: impact of stimulants. Dev Med Child Neurol 48:616\u2013621","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"563_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"459","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.62.5.pss6205_0459","volume":"62","author":"SP Hinshaw","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hinshaw SP, Scheffler RM, Fulton BD et al (2011) International variation in treatment procedures for ADHD: social context and recent trends. Psychiatr Serv 62:459\u2013464","journal-title":"Psychiatr Serv"},{"key":"563_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2009.0003","volume":"19","author":"H Zo\u00ebga","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zo\u00ebga H, Baldursson G, Hrafnkelsson B et al (2009) Psychotropic drug use among Icelandic children: a nationwide population-based study. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 19:757\u2013764","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"563_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1247","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.647","volume":"69","author":"M Olfson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Olfson M, Blanco C, Liu S-M et al (2012) National trends in the office-based treatment of children, adolescents, and adults with antipsychotics. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69:1247\u20131256","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"563_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200202000-00006","volume":"22","author":"Y Dion","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dion Y, Annable L, Sandor P, Chouinard G (2002) Risperidone in the treatment of Tourette syndrome: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Psychopharmacol 22:31\u201339","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"563_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Roessner V, Schoenefeld K, Buse J et al. (2012) Therapy of tic disorders. Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother 40:217\u2013236","DOI":"10.1024\/1422-4917\/a000176"},{"key":"563_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000055434.39968.67","volume":"60","author":"L Scahill","year":"2003","unstructured":"Scahill L, Leckman JF, Schultz RT et al (2003) A placebo-controlled trial of risperidone in Tourette syndrome. Neurology 60:1130\u20131135","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"563_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpn.2011.12.001","volume":"16","author":"H Rickards","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rickards H, Cavanna AE, Worrall R (2012) Treatment practices in Tourette syndrome: the European perspective. Eur J Paediatr Neurol 16:361\u2013364","journal-title":"Eur J Paediatr Neurol"},{"key":"563_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"972","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.3295","volume":"21","author":"F Hoffmann","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoffmann F, Glaeske G, Petermann F, Bachmann CJ (2012) Outpatient treatment in German adolescents with depression: an analysis of nationwide health insurance data. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 21:972\u2013979","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf"},{"key":"563_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s40519-013-0020-4","volume":"18","author":"C Jaite","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jaite C, Hoffmann F, Glaeske G, Bachmann CJ (2013) Prevalence, comorbidities and outpatient treatment of anorexia and bulimia nervosa in German children and adolescents. Eat Weight Disord 18:157\u2013165","journal-title":"Eat Weight Disord"},{"key":"563_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2004.10.012","volume":"58","author":"S Schneeweiss","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schneeweiss S, Avorn J (2005) A review of uses of health care utilization databases for epidemiologic research on therapeutics. J Clin Epidemiol 58:323\u2013337","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-014-0563-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-014-0563-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-014-0563-6","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,29]],"date-time":"2019-05-29T06:36:25Z","timestamp":1559111785000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00787-014-0563-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["563"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-014-0563-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,6,3]]}}}