{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:15:48Z","timestamp":1791375348059,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404172800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0577-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]],"date-time":"2014-07-01T01:52:58Z","timestamp":1404179578000},"page":"127-140","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":138,"title":["Comorbidity of ADHD and incontinence in children"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Alexander","family":"von Gontard","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monika","family":"Equit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"577_CR1","volume-title":"Management of bladder and bowel control in children","author":"A Gontard Von","year":"2006","unstructured":"Von Gontard A, Nev\u00e9us T (2006) Management of bladder and bowel control in children. MacKeith Press, London"},{"key":"577_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Practice parameter for the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (2007) J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 46:894\u2013921","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e318054e724"},{"key":"577_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"665","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-005-1712-1","volume":"164","author":"D Baeyens","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baeyens D, Roeyers H, Vande Walle J, Hoebeke P (2005) Behavioural problems and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with enuresis: a literature review. Eur J Pediatr 164:665\u2013672","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"577_CR4","volume-title":"IACAPAP e-textbook of child and adolescent mental health","author":"A Gontard Von","year":"2012","unstructured":"Von Gontard A (2012) Enuresis. In: Rey JM (ed) IACAPAP e-textbook of child and adolescent mental health. International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, Geneva"},{"key":"577_CR5","volume-title":"IACAPAP e-textbook of child and adolescent mental health","author":"A Gontard Von","year":"2012","unstructured":"Von Gontard A (2012) Encopresis. In: Rey JM (ed) IACAPAP e-textbook of child and adolescent mental health. International Association for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Allied Professions, Geneva"},{"key":"577_CR6","volume-title":"The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders\u2014diagnostic criteria for research","author":"World Health Organisation (WHO)","year":"1993","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (WHO) (1993) The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders\u2014diagnostic criteria for research. WHO, Geneva"},{"key":"577_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders\u2014fifth edition (DSM 5)","author":"American Psychiatric Association (APA)","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders\u2014fifth edition (DSM 5). APA, Washington, D.C"},{"key":"577_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-010-0152-2","volume":"20","author":"A Gontard Von","year":"2011","unstructured":"Von Gontard A (2011) Elimination disorders: a critical comment on DSM-5 proposals. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 20:83\u201388","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-012-0363-9","volume":"22","author":"A Gontard Von","year":"2013","unstructured":"Von Gontard A (2013) The impact of DSM-5 and guidelines for assessment and treatment of elimination disorders. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 22:S61\u2013S67","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(06)00305-3","volume":"176","author":"T Nev\u00e9us","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nev\u00e9us T, von Gontard A, Hoebeke P, Hj\u00e4lm\u00e5s K, Bauer S, Bower W, J\u00f8rgensen TM, Rittig S, Walle JV, Yeung C, Djurhuus JC (2006) The standardization of terminology of lower urinary tract function in children and adolescents: report from the Standardisation Committee of the International Children\u2019s Continence Society. J Urol 176:314\u2013324","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Austin PF, Bauer S, Bower W, Chase J, Franco I, Hoebeke P et al. (2014) The standardization of terminology of bladder function in children and adolescents: Update report from the standardization committee of the International Children\u2019s Continence Society (ICCS). J Urol (in press)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2014.01.110"},{"key":"577_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.08.063","volume":"130","author":"A Rasquin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rasquin A, Di Lorenzo C, Forbes D, Guiraldes E, Hyams JS, Staiano A, Walker LS (2006) Childhood functional gastrointestinal disorders: child\/adolescent. Gastroenterology 130:1527\u20131537","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"577_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2010.11.051","volume":"185","author":"A Gontard Von","year":"2011","unstructured":"Von Gontard A, Baeyens D, Van Hoecke E, Warzak WJ, Bachmann C (2011) Psychological and psychiatric issues in urinary and fecal incontinence. J Urol 185:1432\u20131436","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1991.tb00308.x","volume":"32","author":"MS Bhatia","year":"1991","unstructured":"Bhatia MS, Nigam VR, Bohra N, Malik C (1991) Attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity among pediatric outpatients. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 32:297\u2013306","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01334.x","volume":"36","author":"J Biederman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Biederman J, Santangelo SL, Faraone SV, Kiely K, Guite J, Mick E, Reed ED, Kraus I, Jellinek M, Perrin J (1995) Clinical correlates of enuresis in ADHD and Non-ADHD children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip 36:865\u2013877","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip"},{"key":"577_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-199705000-00007","volume":"90","author":"WLM Robson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Robson WLM, Jackson HP, Blackhurst D, Leung AKC (1997) Enuresis in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. South Med J 90:503\u2013505","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"key":"577_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000091219.46560.7b","volume":"170","author":"BP Duel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Duel BP, Steinberg-Epstein R, Hill M, Lerner M, Koff S, De Gennaro M, De Jong T, Diamond D (2003) A survey of voiding dysfunction in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder. J Urol 170:1521\u20131524","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urology.2010.01.026","volume":"76","author":"JD Kaye","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kaye JD, Palmer LS (2010) Characterization and management of voiding dysfunction in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Urology 76:220\u2013224","journal-title":"Urology"},{"key":"577_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239.e5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2009.02.031","volume":"155","author":"J Elia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elia J, Takeda T, Deberardinis R, Burke J, Accardo J, Ambrosini PJ, Blum NJ, Brown LW, Lantieri F, Berrettini W, Devoto M, Hakonarson H (2009) Nocturnal enuresis: a suggestive endophenotype marker for a subgroup of inattentive attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. J Pediatr 155:239.e5\u2013244.e5","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"577_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajp.2012.06.003","volume":"6","author":"S Raghavan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Raghavan S, Mahadevan S, Kattimani S (2013) Enuresis among children with inattentive ADHD-A potential marker for a distinct sub-group. Asian J Psychiatry 6:83\u201384","journal-title":"Asian J Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR21","first-page":"201","volume":"49","author":"E Aktepe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aktepe E (2011) Sociodemographic features and comorbidity of children adolescents diagnosed as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Yeni Symp 49:201\u2013208","journal-title":"Yeni Symp"},{"key":"577_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfma.2012.01.019","volume":"112","author":"T- Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang T-, Huang K-, Chen S-, Chang H-, Yang H-, Guo Y- (2013) Correlation between clinical manifestations of nocturnal enuresis and attentional performance in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). J Formos Med Assoc 112:41\u201347","journal-title":"J Formos Med Assoc"},{"key":"577_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s12402-012-0091-5","volume":"5","author":"LC Smith","year":"2013","unstructured":"Smith LC, Tamm L, Hughes CW, Bernstein IH (2013) Separate and overlapping relationships of inattention and hyperactivity\/impulsivity in children and adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. ADHD Atten Deficit Hyperact Disord 5:9\u201320","journal-title":"ADHD Atten Deficit Hyperact Disord"},{"key":"577_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1177\/0883073808331086","volume":"24","author":"A Ghanizadeh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ghanizadeh A (2009) Psychiatric comorbidity differences in clinic-referred children and adolescents with ADHD according to the subtypes and gender. J Child Neurol 24:679\u2013684","journal-title":"J Child Neurol"},{"key":"577_CR25","first-page":"30","volume":"107","author":"NN Zavadenko","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zavadenko NN, Suvorinova NY (2007) Disorders comorbid to attention deficit hyperactivity syndrome in children. Zh Nevrologii Psihiatrii im S S Korsakova 107:30\u201335","journal-title":"Zh Nevrologii Psihiatrii im S S Korsakova"},{"key":"577_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050677","volume":"13","author":"A Gontard Von","year":"1999","unstructured":"Von Gontard A, Mauer-Mucke K, Pl\u00fcck J, Berner W, Lehmkuhl G (1999) Clinical behavioral problems in day- and night-wetting children. Pediatr Nephrol 13:662\u2013667","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"577_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpurol.2010.10.009","volume":"8","author":"RA Gor","year":"2012","unstructured":"Gor RA, Fuhrer J, Schober JM (2012) A retrospective observational study of enuresis, daytime voiding symptoms, and response to medical therapy in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and autism spectrum disorder. J Pediatr Urol 8:314\u2013317","journal-title":"J Pediatr Urol"},{"key":"577_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2576","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000108665.22072.b2","volume":"171","author":"D Baeyens","year":"2004","unstructured":"Baeyens D, Roeyers H, Hoebeke P, Vert\u00e9 S, Van Hoecke E, Vande Walle J (2004) Attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in children with nocturnal enuresis. J Urol 171:2576\u20132579","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.3109\/13651501.2011.620129","volume":"16","author":"M Okur","year":"2012","unstructured":"Okur M, Ruzgar H, Erbey F, Kaya A (2012) The evaluation of children with monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 16:229\u2013232","journal-title":"Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract"},{"key":"577_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250500434736","volume":"95","author":"D Baeyens","year":"2006","unstructured":"Baeyens D, Roeyers H, D\u2019Haese L, Pieters F, Hoebeke P, Vande Walle J (2006) The prevalence of ADHD in children with enuresis: comparison between a tertiary and non-tertiary care sample. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr 95:347\u2013352","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr"},{"key":"577_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1080\/08035250510041240","volume":"94","author":"D Baeyens","year":"2005","unstructured":"Baeyens D, Roeyers H, Demeyere I, Vert\u00e9 S, Hoebeke P, Vande Walle J (2005) Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) as a risk factor for persistent nocturnal enuresis in children: a two-year follow-up study. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr 94:1619\u20131625","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr"},{"key":"577_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2616","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.07.059","volume":"178","author":"D Baeyens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baeyens D, Roeyers H, Van Erdeghem S, Hoebeke P, Vande Walle J (2007) The prevalence of attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in children with nonmonosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a 4-year followup study. J Urol 178:2616\u20132620","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2989\/17280583.2011.594253","volume":"23","author":"ST Gontkovsky","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gontkovsky ST (2011) Prevalence of enuresis in a community sample of children and adolescents referred for outpatient clinical psychological evaluation: psychiatric comorbidities and association with intellectual functioning. J Child Adolesc Ment Health 23:53\u201358","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"577_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2644","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000113228.80583.83","volume":"171","author":"A Gontard Von","year":"2004","unstructured":"Von Gontard A, Hollmann E (2004) Comorbidity of functional urinary incontinence and encopresis: somatic and behavioral associations. J Urol 171:2644\u20132647","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65599-1","volume":"166","author":"C Kodman-Jones","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kodman-Jones C, Hawkins L, Schulman SL (2001) Behavioral characteristics of children with daytime wetting. J Urol 166:2392\u20132395","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.09.007","volume":"179","author":"S Zink","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zink S, Freitag CM, von Gontard A (2008) Behavioral comorbidity differs in subtypes of enuresis and urinary incontinence. J Urol 179:295\u2013298","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.03.023","volume":"182","author":"S Kuhn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kuhn S, Natale N, Siemer S, Stoeckle M, von Gontard A (2009) Clinical differences in daytime wetting subtypes: urge incontinence and postponed voiding. J Urol 182:1967\u20131972","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.71.3.186","volume":"71","author":"MA Benninga","year":"1994","unstructured":"Benninga MA, Buller HA, Heymans HS, Tytgat GN, Taminiau JA (1994) Is encopresis always the result of constipation? Arch Dis Child 71:186\u2013193","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"577_CR39","first-page":"13","volume":"89","author":"MA Benninga","year":"2004","unstructured":"Benninga MA, Voskuijl WP, Akkerhuis GW, Taminiau JA, B\u00fcller HA (2004) Colonic transit times and behaviour profiles in children with defecation disorders. Arch Dis Child 89:13\u201316","journal-title":"Arch Dis Child"},{"key":"577_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1097\/00004703-199312010-00004","volume":"14","author":"BD Johnston","year":"1993","unstructured":"Johnston BD, Wright JA (1993) Attentional dysfunction in children with encopresis. J Dev Behav Pediatr 14:381\u2013385","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr"},{"key":"577_CR41","volume-title":"Manual for the child behavior checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 profile","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"1991","unstructured":"Achenbach TM (1991) Manual for the child behavior checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 profile. University of Vermont, Burlington"},{"key":"577_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/27.7.585","volume":"27","author":"DJ Cox","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cox DJ, Morris JB Jr, Borowitz SM, Sutphen JL (2002) Psychological differences between children with and without chronic encopresis. J Pediatr Psychol 27:585\u2013591","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"577_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-007-0619-4","volume":"167","author":"EQ Everdingen-Faasen Van","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Everdingen-Faasen EQ, Gerritsen BJ, Mulder PGH, Fliers EA, Groeneweg M (2008) Psychosocial co-morbidity affects treatment outcome in children with fecal incontinence. Eur J Pediatr 167:985\u2013989","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"577_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2013.02.008","volume":"13","author":"MW Mellon","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mellon MW, Natchev BE, Katusic SK, Colligan RC, Weaver AL, Voigt RG, Barbaresi WJ (2013) Incidence of enuresis and encopresis among children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in a population-based birth cohort. Acad Pediatr 13:322\u2013327","journal-title":"Acad Pediatr"},{"key":"577_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1210","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2013-1580","volume":"132","author":"C Mckeown","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mckeown C, Hisle-Gorman E, Eide M, Gorman GH, Nylund CM (2013) Association of constipation and fecal incontinence with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Pediatrics 132:e1210\u2013e1215","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"577_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00325.x","volume":"15","author":"J Golding","year":"2001","unstructured":"Golding J, Pembrey M, Jones R (2001) ALSPAC\u2014the Avon Longitudinal Study of parents and children I. Study methodology. Pediatric Perinat Epidemiol 15:74\u201387","journal-title":"Pediatric Perinat Epidemiol"},{"key":"577_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2005.05640.x","volume":"96","author":"RJ Butler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Butler RJ, Golding J, Northstone K (2005) Nocturnal enuresis at 7.5\u00a0years old: prevalence and analysis of clinical signs. BJU Int 96:404\u2013410","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"577_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsl039","volume":"32","author":"C Joinson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Joinson C, Heron J, Emond A, Butler R (2007) Psychological problems in children with bedwetting and combined (day and night) wetting: a UK population-based study. J Pediatr Psychol 32:605\u2013616","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"577_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2027","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2011.07.030","volume":"186","author":"A Gontard Von","year":"2011","unstructured":"Von Gontard A, Moritz AM, Thome-Granz S, Freitag C (2011) Association of attention deficit and elimination disorders at school entry: a population based study. J Urol 186:2027\u20132032","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e318190045c","volume":"48","author":"S Shreeram","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shreeram S, He J-, Kalaydjian A, Brothers S, Merikangas KR (2009) Prevalence of enuresis and its association with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder among US children: results from a nationally representative study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 48:35\u201341","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2013.10.3.253","volume":"10","author":"S Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park S, Kim B-, Kim J-, Hong S-, Shin M-, Yoo HJ, Cho S- (2013) Nocturnal enuresis is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and conduct problems. Psychiatr Invest 10:253\u2013258","journal-title":"Psychiatr Invest"},{"key":"577_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1985","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2006-0894","volume":"118","author":"C Joinson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Joinson C, Heron J, Von Gontard A (2006) Psychological problems in children with daytime wetting. Pediatrics 118:1985\u20131993","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"577_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"396","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2009.08780.x","volume":"105","author":"A Gontard Von","year":"2010","unstructured":"Von Gontard A, Heron J, Joinson C (2010) Factors associated with low and high voiding frequency in children with diurnal urinary incontinence. BJU Int 105:396\u2013401","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"577_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2005-1773","volume":"117","author":"C Joinson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Joinson C, Heron J, Butler U, von Gontard A (2006) Psychological differences between children with and without soiling problems. Pediatrics 117:1575\u20131584","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"577_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-3588.2008.00487.x","volume":"13","author":"CW Ryan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ryan CW (2008) Association between colonic symptoms and inattention\/hyperactivity in British children. Child Adolesc Ment Health 13:188\u2013192","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"577_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2438","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65611-X","volume":"166","author":"A Gontard Von","year":"2001","unstructured":"Von Gontard A, Schaumburg H, Hollmann E, Eiberg H, Rittig S (2001) The genetics of enuresis: a review. J Urol 166:2438\u20132443","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2401","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(05)65601-7","volume":"166","author":"H Eiberg","year":"2001","unstructured":"Eiberg H, Shaumburg HL, von Gontard A, Rittig S (2001) Linkage study of a large danish 4-generation family with urge incontinence and nocturnal enuresis. J Urol 166:2401\u20132403","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.100.2.228","volume":"100","author":"V Loening-Baucke","year":"1997","unstructured":"Loening-Baucke V (1997) Urinary incontinence and urinary tract infection and their resolution with treatment of chronic constipation of childhood. Pediatrics 100:228\u2013232","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"577_CR59","first-page":"179","volume":"121","author":"H Bakwin","year":"1971","unstructured":"Bakwin H, Davidson M (1971) Constipation in twins. Am J Dis Child 121:179\u2013181","journal-title":"Am J Dis Child"},{"key":"577_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.106.027003","volume":"190","author":"A Thapar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Thapar A, Langley K, Asherson P, Gill M (2007) Gene-environment interplay in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the importance of a developmental perspective. Br J Psychiatry 190:1\u20133","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.024","volume":"57","author":"SV Faraone","year":"2005","unstructured":"Faraone SV, Perlis RH, Doyle AE, Smoller JW, Goralnick JJ, Holmgren MA, Sklar P (2005) Molecular genetics of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 57:1313\u20131323","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1086\/424387","volume":"75","author":"MN Ogdie","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ogdie MN, Fisher SE, Yang M, Ishii J, Francks C, Loo SK, Cantor RM, McCracken JT, McGough JJ, Smalley SL, Nelson SF (2004) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: fine mapping supports linkage to 5p13, 6q12, 16p13, and 17p11. Am J Hum Genet 75:661\u2013668","journal-title":"Am J Hum Genet"},{"key":"577_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02611.x","volume":"54","author":"A Thapar","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thapar A, Cooper M, Eyre O, Langley K (2013) Practitioner review: what have we learnt about the causes of ADHD? J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip 54:3\u201316","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip"},{"key":"577_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1364","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1999.tb01042.x","volume":"88","author":"JN Bailey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bailey JN, Ornitz EM, Gehricke JG, Gabikian P, Russell AT, Smalley SL (1999) Transmission of primary nocturnal enuresis and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr 88:1364\u20131368","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr"},{"key":"577_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1007\/s004670050186","volume":"10","author":"SA Koff","year":"1996","unstructured":"Koff SA (1996) Cure of nocturnal enuresis: why isn\u2019t desmopressin very effective? Pediatr Nephrol 10:667\u2013670","journal-title":"Pediatr Nephrol"},{"key":"577_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1017\/S0012162206000600","volume":"48","author":"CM Freitag","year":"2006","unstructured":"Freitag CM, R\u00f6hling D, Seifen S, Pukrop R, von Gontard A (2006) Neurophysiology of nocturnal enuresis: evoked potentials and prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. Dev Med Child Neurol 48:278\u2013284","journal-title":"Dev Med Child Neurol"},{"key":"577_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.1997.tb09027.x","volume":"86","author":"NM Wolfish","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wolfish NM, Pivik RT, Busby KA (1997) Elevated sleep arousal thresholds in enuretic boys: clinical implications. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr 86:381\u2013384","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr"},{"key":"577_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/S0387-7604(02)00077-3","volume":"24","author":"A Iscan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Iscan A, Ozkul Y, Unal D, Soran M, Kati M, Bozlar S, Karazeybek AH (2002) Abnormalities in event-related potential and brainstem auditory evoked response in children with nocturnal enuresis. Brain Dev 24:681\u2013687","journal-title":"Brain Dev"},{"key":"577_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20031","volume":"23","author":"R Karlidag","year":"2004","unstructured":"Karlidag R, Ozisik HI, Soylu A, Kizkin S, Sipahi B, Unal S, Ozcan C (2004) Topographic abnormalities in event-related potentials in children with monosyptomatic nocturnal enuresis. Neurourol Urodyn 23:237\u2013240","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"577_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2007.07.061","volume":"178","author":"D Baeyens","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baeyens D, Roeyers H, Naert S, Hoebeke P, Vande Walle J (2007) The impact of maturation of brainstem inhibition on enuresis: a startle eye blink modification study with 2-year followup. J Urol 178:2621\u20132625","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2012.02624.x","volume":"101","author":"P Eggert","year":"2012","unstructured":"Eggert P, Freischmidt S, Bismarck PV, Schulz-J\u00fcrgensen S (2012) Differentiation of subgroups of monosymptomatic enuresis according to prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr 101:e304\u2013e308","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr"},{"key":"577_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-012-1829-y","volume":"172","author":"S Schulz-Juergensen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Schulz-Juergensen S, Wunberg D, Wolff S, Eggert P, Siniatchkin M (2013) Simultaneous EMG-fMRI during startle inhibition in monosymptomatic enuresis\u2014an exploratory study. Eur J Pediatr 172:23\u201330","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"577_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroimage.2007.04.061","volume":"37","author":"D Griffiths","year":"2007","unstructured":"Griffiths D, Tadic SD, Schaefer W, Resnick NM (2007) Cerebral control of the bladder in normal and urge-incontinent women. Neuroimage 37:1\u20137","journal-title":"Neuroimage"},{"key":"577_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02388220","volume":"27","author":"M Kubota","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kubota M, Suita S, Kamimura T (1997) Abnormalities in visceral evoked potentials from the anal canal in children with chronic constipation. Surg Today 27:632\u2013637","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"577_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(95)90326-7","volume":"109","author":"V Loening-Baucke","year":"1995","unstructured":"Loening-Baucke V, Yamada T (1995) Is the afferent pathway from the rectum impaired in children with chronic constipation and encopresis? Gastroenterology 109:397\u2013403","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"577_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2011.02348.x","volume":"100","author":"A Becker","year":"2011","unstructured":"Becker A, Rubly M, El Khatib D, Becker N, von Gontard A (2011) Central nervous system processing of emotions in children with faecal incontinence. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr 100:e267\u2013e274","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr"},{"key":"577_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.11.022","volume":"63","author":"LM Williams","year":"2008","unstructured":"Williams LM, Hermens DF, Palmer D, Kohn M, Clarke S, Keage H, Clark CR, Gordon E (2008) Misinterpreting emotional expressions in attention-Deficit\/Hyperactivity disorder: evidence for a neural marker and stimulant effects. Biol Psychiatry 63:917\u2013926","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"577_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2005.01592.x","volume":"47","author":"R Wiersema","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wiersema R, van der Meere J, Roeyers H, van Voster R, Baeyens D (2006) Event rate and event-related potentials in ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatr 47(6):560\u2013567","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatr"},{"key":"577_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-002-1235-7","volume":"165","author":"LW Hawk Jr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hawk LW Jr, Yartz AR, Pelham WE Jr, Lock TM (2003) The effects of methylphenidate on prepulse inhibition during attended and ignored prestimuli among boys with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Psychopharmacology 165:118\u2013127","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"key":"577_CR80","first-page":"838","volume":"47","author":"RL Ashare","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ashare RL, Hawk LW Jr, Shiels K, Rhodes JD, Pelham WE Jr, Waxmonsky JG (2010) Methylphenidate enhances prepulse inhibition during processing of task-relevant stimuli in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Psychophysiology 47:838\u2013845","journal-title":"Psychophysiology"},{"key":"577_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00205-4","volume":"45","author":"EM Ornitz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ornitz EM, Russell AT, Hanna G, Gabikian P, Gehricke J-G, Song D, Guthrie D (1999) Prepulse inhibition of startle and the neurobiology of primary nocturnal enuresis. Biol Psychiatry 45:1455\u20131466","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054712448960","volume":"18","author":"S Schulz-Juergensen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schulz-Juergensen S, Thiemann A, Gebhardt J, Baumgarten-Walczak A, Eggert P (2014) Prepulse inhibition of acoustic startle and the influence of methylphenidate in children with ADHD. J Atten Disord 18:117\u2013122","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"577_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Equit M, Becker A, El Khatib D, Rubly M, Becker N, von Gontard A (2013) Central nervous system processing of emotions in children with nocturnal enuresis and ADHD. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr (accepted for publication)","DOI":"10.1111\/apa.12676"},{"key":"577_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"466","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20549","volume":"27","author":"DJ Griffiths","year":"2008","unstructured":"Griffiths DJ, Tadic SD (2008) Bladder control, urgency, and urge incontinence: evidence from functional brain imaging. Neurourol Urodyn 27:466\u2013474","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"577_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20740","volume":"29","author":"CJ Fowler","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fowler CJ, Griffiths DJ (2010) A decade of functional brain imaging applied to bladder control. Neurourol Urodyn 29:49\u201355","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"577_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.2010.02000.x","volume":"47","author":"B Yu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yu B, Guo Q, Fan G, Ma H, Wang L, Liu N (2011) Evaluation of working memory impairment in children with primary nocturnal enuresis: evidence from event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging. J Paediatr Child Health 47:429\u2013435","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"577_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2913","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.21411","volume":"33","author":"D Lei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lei D, Ma J, Du X, Shen G, Tian M, Li G (2012) Altered brain activation during response inhibition in children with primary nocturnal enuresis: an fMRI study. Hum Brain Mapp 33:2913\u20132919","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"577_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.21205","volume":"31","author":"D Lei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lei D, Ma J, Du X, Shen G, Tian M, Li G (2012) Spontaneous brain activity changes in children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: a resting-state fMRI study. Neurourol Urodyn 31:99\u2013104","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"577_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e31023","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0031023","volume":"7","author":"D Lei","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lei D, Ma J, Shen X, Du X, Shen G, Liu W, Yan X, Li G (2012) Changes in the brain microstructure of children with primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis: A diffusion tensor imaging study. PLoS One 7:e31023","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"577_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2006.10.026","volume":"131","author":"EA Mayer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Mayer EA, Naliboff BD, Craig ADB (2006) Neuroimaging of the brain-gut axis: from basic understanding to treatment of functional GI disorders. Gastroenterology 131:1925\u20131942","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"577_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.01.022","volume":"69","author":"G Bush","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bush G (2011) Cingulate, frontal, and parietal cortical dysfunction in attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 69:1160\u20131167","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2004.11.019","volume":"57","author":"LJ Seidman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Seidman LJ, Valera EM, Makris N (2005) Structural brain imaging of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Biol Psychiatry 57:1263\u20131272","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1754.1990.tb02390.x","volume":"26","author":"M Feehan","year":"1990","unstructured":"Feehan M, McGee R, Stanton W, Silva PA (1990) A 6\u00a0year follow-up of childhood enuresis: prevalence in adolescence and consequences for mental health. J Paediatr Child Health 26:75\u201379","journal-title":"J Paediatr Child Health"},{"key":"577_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1990.tb00816.x","volume":"31","author":"MR Jarvelin","year":"1990","unstructured":"Jarvelin MR, Moilanen I, Vikevainen-Tervonen L, Huttunen NP (1990) Life changes and protective capacities in enuretic and non-enuretic children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip 31:763\u2013774","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry Allied Discip"},{"key":"577_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"978","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2002.tb02873.x","volume":"91","author":"B Lettgen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lettgen B, von Gontard A, Olbing H, Heiken-L\u00f6wenau C, Gaebel E, Schmitz I (2002) Urge incontinence and voiding postponement in children: somatic and psychosocial factors. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr 91:978\u2013984","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr"},{"key":"577_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/jsn008","volume":"33","author":"C Joinson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Joinson C, Heron J, von Gontard A, Butler U, Golding J, Emond A (2008) Early childhood risk factors associated with daytime wetting and soiling in school-age children. J Pediatr Psychol 33:739\u2013750","journal-title":"J Pediatr Psychol"},{"key":"577_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1177\/1359104512458228","volume":"18","author":"LM Richards","year":"2013","unstructured":"Richards LM (2013) It is time for a more integrated bio-psycho-social approach to ADHD. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 18:483\u2013503","journal-title":"Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-011-0221-3","volume":"13","author":"TE Froehlich","year":"2011","unstructured":"Froehlich TE, Anixt JS, Loe IM, Chirdkiatgumchai V, Kuan L, Gilman RC (2011) Update on environmental risk factors for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Curr Psychiatry Rep 13:333\u2013344","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"key":"577_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2011-0023","volume":"128","author":"Z Kabir","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kabir Z, Connolly GN, Alpert HR (2011) Secondhand smoke exposure and neurobehavioral disorders among children in the United States. Pediatrics 128:263\u2013270","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"577_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2007.07.004","volume":"152","author":"K Becker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Becker K, El-Faddagh M, Schmidt MH, Esser G, Laucht M (2008) Interaction of dopamine transporter genotype with prenatal smoke exposure on ADHD symptoms. J Pediatr 152:263.e1\u2013269.e1","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"577_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.049","volume":"61","author":"RJ Neuman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Neuman RJ, Lobos E, Reich W, Henderson CA, Sun L-, Todd RD (2007) Prenatal smoking exposure and dopaminergic genotypes interact to cause a severe ADHD subtype. Biol Psychiatry 61:1320\u20131328","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30640","volume":"144","author":"RD Todd","year":"2007","unstructured":"Todd RD, Neuman RJ (2007) Gene-environment interactions in the development of combined type ADHD: evidence for a synapse-based model. Am J Med Genet Part B Neuropsychiatr Genet 144:971\u2013975","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet Part B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"577_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pagani LS (2013) Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and brain development: the case of attention deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev (in press)","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2013.03.008"},{"key":"577_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2012.686870","volume":"41","author":"JT Nigg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nigg JT (2012) Future directions in ADHD etiology research. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 41:524\u2013533","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"577_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.62.4.737","volume":"62","author":"AC Houts","year":"1994","unstructured":"Houts AC, Berman JS, Abramson H (1994) Effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments for nocturnal enuresis. J Consult Clin Psychol 62:737\u2013745","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"577_CR106","first-page":"53","volume":"20","author":"LB Williamson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Williamson LB, Gower M, Ulzen T (2011) Enuresis and ADHD in older children and an adolescent treated with stimulant medication: a case series. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 20:53\u201355","journal-title":"J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-013-0414-x","volume":"22","author":"K Bahali","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bahali K, Ipek H, Uneri OS (2013) Methylphenidate and atomoxetine for treatment of nocturnal enuresis in a child with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 22:649\u2013650","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)65776-8","volume":"156","author":"PK Sher","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sher PK, Reinberg Y (1996) Successful treatment of giggle incontinence with methylphenidate. J Urol 156:656\u2013658","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.04.085","volume":"182","author":"AK Berry","year":"2009","unstructured":"Berry AK, Zderic S, Carr M (2009) Methylphenidate for giggle incontinence. J Urol 182:2028\u20132032","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1338","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.20901","volume":"30","author":"JH Chang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Chang JH, Lee KY, Kim TB, Yoon SJ, Lee T, Kim KH (2011) Clinical and urodynamic effect of methylphenidate for the treatment of giggle incontinence. Neurourol Urodynam 30:1338\u20131342","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodynam"},{"key":"577_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2010.11.036","volume":"35","author":"A Bilgi\u00e7","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bilgi\u00e7 A (2011) The possible effect of methylphenidate on secondary encopresis in children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 35:647","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.50.2.178","volume":"50","author":"P Golubchik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Golubchik P, Weizman A (2009) Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, methylphenidate, and primary encopresis. Psychosomatics 50:178","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"577_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2013.0075","volume":"23","author":"S Yilmaz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yilmaz S, Ak\u00e7a OF (2013) Effectiveness of methylphenidate in the treatment of Encopresis whether or not attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder symptoms are present. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 23:632\u2013633","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"577_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199604000-00008","volume":"35","author":"T Spencer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Spencer T, Biederman J, Wilens T, Harding M, O\u2019Donneel D, Griffin S (1996) Pharmacotherapy of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder across the life cycle. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35:409\u2013432","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2607","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000110613.51078.93","volume":"171","author":"S Gepertz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gepertz S, Nev\u00e9us T (2004) Imipramine for therapy resistant enuresis: a retrospective evaluation. J Urol 171:2607\u20132609","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.3109\/00365590903099959","volume":"43","author":"E Lundmark","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lundmark E, Nevus T (2009) Reboxetine in therapy-resistant enuresis: a retrospective evaluation. Scand J Urol Nephrol 43:365\u2013368","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"key":"577_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M280","volume":"44","author":"DN Mendhekar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mendhekar DN, Gupta N (2010) Use of sertraline in childhood retentive encopresis. Ann Pharmacother 44:395","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"577_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199602000-00001","volume":"35","author":"A Gontard Von","year":"1996","unstructured":"Von Gontard A, Lehmkuhl G (1996) Desmopressin side effects [1]. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35:129\u2013130","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"577_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1080\/080352599750030428","volume":"88","author":"K Tullus","year":"1999","unstructured":"Tullus K, Bergstr\u00f6m R, Fosdal I, Winnerg\u00e5rd I, Hj\u00e4lm\u00e5s K, Svahn J, Servin B, Aili M, Unt C, Lyd\u00e9n G-, S\u00f6lsnes E, Hansson E, Str\u00f6m US, Hellstr\u00f6m A-, Kruse S, Lewander P, Bredenberg C, Svensson K, S\u00f6derman P, Hellstr\u00f6m S, \u00c5hsgren I, H\u00f6lne M, Oldin B, Wohl\u00e9n P, Wettrell G, Clausen M, Swerkersson S, Lundh A, Mellstam L, De Medina VH, Eriksson G, Wettergren B, Sundel\u00f6f B, Hecht H, Hultman I-, Larsson L, Sannum M, Jansson I, Karlsson B-, Skanse B, Wille S, Perbo K, Bredman B, Nygren M, Belfrage E, Zachrisson I, Almstr\u00f6m T, Lundgren P, Nilsson B-, Karlsson B, Mansfeld L, Sikorska W, Martinsons U, Lundstr\u00f6m M, Westerlund H, M\u00f6llerstedt U (1999) Efficacy and safety during long-term treatment of primary monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis with desmopressin. Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr 88:1274\u20131278","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr Int J Paediatr"},{"key":"577_CR120","first-page":"590","volume":"142","author":"BA Veld","year":"1998","unstructured":"Veld BA, Kwee-Zuiderwijk WJ, van Puijenbroek EP, Stricker BH (1998) Neuropsychiatrische bijwerkingen toegeschreven aan het gebruik van oxybutynine. Ne Todschr Geneeskd 142:590\u2013592","journal-title":"Ne Todschr Geneeskd"},{"key":"577_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2004.14.443","volume":"14","author":"JP Shatkin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shatkin JP (2004) Atomoxetine for the treatment of pediatric nocturnal enuresis. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 14:443\u2013447","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"577_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2006.16.699","volume":"16","author":"SR Sumner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sumner SR, Schuh KJ, Sutton VK, Lipetz R, Kelsey DK (2006) Placebo-controlled study of the effects of atomoxetine on bladder control in children with nocturnal enuresis. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol 16:699\u2013711","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"577_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1097\/JCP.0b013e3182499aba","volume":"32","author":"S Herg\u00fcner","year":"2012","unstructured":"Herg\u00fcner S, Herg\u00fcner A (2012) Atomoxetine for encopresis in 2 children with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Psychopharmacol 32:302\u2013303","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"577_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000084669.59166.16","volume":"170","author":"CR Crimmins","year":"2003","unstructured":"Crimmins CR, Rathbun SR, Husmann DA (2003) Management of urinary incontinence and nocturnal enuresis in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. J Urol 170:1347\u20131350","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"577_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)91097-E","volume":"338","author":"T Nolan","year":"1991","unstructured":"Nolan T, Debelle G, Oberklaid F, Coffey C (1991) Randomised trial of laxatives in treatment of childhood encopresis. Lancet 338:523\u2013527","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-014-0577-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-014-0577-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-014-0577-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,8,21]],"date-time":"2020-08-21T18:31:15Z","timestamp":1598034675000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00787-014-0577-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,2]]}},"alternative-id":["577"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-014-0577-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,1]]}}}