{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T08:53:58Z","timestamp":1793350438866,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":180,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]],"date-time":"2018-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1528502400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1172-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]],"date-time":"2018-06-09T09:26:32Z","timestamp":1528536392000},"page":"1077-1093","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"title":["Conduct disorder in adolescent females: current state of research and study design of the FemNAT-CD consortium"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Christine M.","family":"Freitag","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kerstin","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Stadler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephane A.","family":"De Brito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arne","family":"Popma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sabine C.","family":"Herpertz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Beate","family":"Herpertz-Dahlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Inga","family":"Neumann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Meinhard","family":"Kieser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andreas G.","family":"Chiocchetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Schwenck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Graeme","family":"Fairchild","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"1172_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.15081089","volume":"173","author":"AA Alegria","year":"2016","unstructured":"Alegria AA, Radua J, Rubia K (2016) Meta-analysis of fMRI studies of disruptive behavior disorders. Am J Psychiatry 173:1119\u20131130","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edn) DSM-IV","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th edn) DSM-IV. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC"},{"key":"1172_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC"},{"key":"1172_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-014-0497-8","volume":"46","author":"BF Andrade","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andrade BF, Sorge GB, Na JJ, Wharton-Shukster E (2015) Clinical profiles of children with disruptive behaviors based on the severity of their conduct problems, callous\u2013unemotional traits and emotional difficulties. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 46:567\u2013576","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"1172_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00424","volume":"40","author":"A Angold","year":"1999","unstructured":"Angold A, Costello EJ, Erkanli A (1999) Comorbidity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 40:57\u201387","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR6","first-page":"173","volume":"18","author":"N Angyal","year":"2016","unstructured":"Angyal N, Halasz J, Meszaros G, Kovacs JK, Kruk E, Nemoda Z (2016) Potential salivary biomarkers and their genetic effects in a pilot study of adolescent boys with externalizing problems. Neuropsychopharmacol Hung 18:173\u2013179","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacol Hung"},{"key":"1172_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1369","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.30871","volume":"147B","author":"RJ Anney","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anney RJ, Lasky-Su J, O\u2019Dushlaine C, Kenny E, Neale BM, Mulligan A, Franke B, Zhou K, Chen W, Christiansen H, Arias-Vasquez A, Banaschewski T, Buitelaar J, Ebstein R, Miranda A, Mulas F, Oades RD, Roeyers H, Rothenberger A, Sergeant J, Sonuga-Barke E, Steinhausen H, Asherson P, Faraone SV, Gill M (2008) Conduct disorder and ADHD: evaluation of conduct problems as a categorical and quantitative trait in the international multicentre ADHD genetics study. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 147B:1369\u20131378","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"1172_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200404000-00012","volume":"43","author":"R Azar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Azar R, Zoccolillo M, Paquette D, Quiros E, Baltzer F, Tremblay RE (2004) Cortisol levels and conduct disorder in adolescent mothers. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 43:461\u2013468","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.43.1.13","volume":"43","author":"RH Baillargeon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baillargeon RH, Zoccolillo M, Keenan K, Cote S, Perusse D, Wu HX, Boivin M, Tremblay RE (2007) Gender differences in physical aggression: a prospective population-based survey of children before and after 2\u00a0years of age. Dev Psychol 43:13\u201326","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-008-9249-1","volume":"36","author":"LA Baker","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baker LA, Raine A, Liu J, Jacobson KC (2008) Differential genetic and environmental influences on reactive and proactive aggression in children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 36:1265\u20131278","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199806000-00009","volume":"37","author":"AM Bardone","year":"1998","unstructured":"Bardone AM, Moffitt TE, Caspi A, Dickson N, Stanton WR, Silva PA (1998) Adult physical health outcomes of adolescent girls with conduct disorder, depression, and anxiety. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 37:594\u2013601","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"900","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08121770","volume":"166","author":"ED Barker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Barker ED, Maughan B (2009) Differentiating early-onset persistent versus childhood-limited conduct problem youth. Am J Psychiatry 166:900\u2013908","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.5.592","volume":"64","author":"ED Barker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barker ED, Seguin JR, White HR, Bates ME, Lacourse E, Carbonneau R, Tremblay RE (2007) Developmental trajectories of male physical violence and theft: relations to neurocognitive performance. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:592\u2013599","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2005.08.008","volume":"74","author":"TP Beauchaine","year":"2007","unstructured":"Beauchaine TP, Gatzke-Kopp L, Mead HK (2007) Polyvagal Theory and developmental psychopathology: emotion dysregulation and conduct problems from preschool to adolescence. Biol Psychol 74:174\u2013184","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2011.06.001","volume":"16","author":"OV Berkout","year":"2011","unstructured":"Berkout OV, Young JN, Gross AM (2011) Mean girls and bad boys: recent research on gender differences in conduct disorder. Aggress Violent Behav 16:503\u2013511","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Behav"},{"key":"1172_CR16","unstructured":"Bernhard A, Martinelli A, Ackermann K, Saure D, Freitag CM (2016) Association of trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder and conduct disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev (epub ahead of print)"},{"key":"1172_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2011.01598.x","volume":"82","author":"S Bezdjian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bezdjian S, Tuvblad C, Raine A, Baker LA (2011) The genetic and environmental covariation among psychopathic personality traits, and reactive and proactive aggression in childhood. Child Dev 82:1267\u20131281","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"1172_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tics.2007.07.003","volume":"11","author":"RJ Blair","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blair RJ (2007) The amygdala and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in morality and psychopathy. Trends Cogn Sci 11:387\u2013392","journal-title":"Trends Cogn Sci"},{"key":"1172_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1002\/wcs.154","volume":"3","author":"RJ Blair","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blair RJ (2012) Considering anger from a cognitive neuroscience perspective. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci 3:65\u201374","journal-title":"Wiley Interdiscip Rev Cogn Sci"},{"key":"1172_CR20","volume-title":"The psychopath: emotion and the brain","author":"RJ Blair","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blair RJ, Mitchell DGV, Blair KS (2005) The psychopath: emotion and the brain. Blackwell, Oxford"},{"key":"1172_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1523","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2004.00755.x","volume":"75","author":"IL Bongers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bongers IL, Koot HM, van der Ende J, Verhulst FC (2004) Developmental trajectories of externalizing behaviors in childhood and adolescence. Child Dev 75:1523\u20131537","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"1172_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1016\/S1359-1789(00)00032-X","volume":"6","author":"AS Book","year":"2001","unstructured":"Book AS, Starzyk KBQVL (2001) The relationship between testosterone and aggression: a meta-analysis. Aggress Violent Beh 6:579\u2013599","journal-title":"Aggress Violent Beh"},{"key":"1172_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-012-0125-8","volume":"16","author":"LM Brennan","year":"2013","unstructured":"Brennan LM, Shaw DS (2013) Revisiting data related to the age of onset and developmental course of female conduct problems. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 16:35\u201358","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1172_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2622","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000002622","volume":"95","author":"G Bronsard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bronsard G, Alessandrini M, Fond G, Loundou A, Auquier P, Tordjman S, Boyer L (2016) The prevalence of mental disorders among children and adolescents in the child welfare system: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltim.) 95:e2622","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltim.)"},{"key":"1172_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1801","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291712001894","volume":"43","author":"SA Burt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Burt SA (2013) Do etiological influences on aggression overlap with those on rule breaking? A meta-analysis. Psychol Med 43:1801\u20131812","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1172_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-0076-x","volume":"44","author":"SA Burt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Burt SA, Brent DM, Slawinski BL, Klump KL (2016) The phenomenology of non-aggressive antisocial behavior during childhood. J Abnorm Child Psychol 44:651\u2013661","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-012-9632-9","volume":"40","author":"SA Burt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Burt SA, Klump KL (2012) Etiological distinctions between aggressive and non-aggressive antisocial behavior: results from a nuclear twin family model. J Abnorm Child Psychol 40:1059\u20131071","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-013-0159-6","volume":"17","author":"AL Byrd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Byrd AL, Loeber R, Pardini DA (2014) Antisocial behavior, psychopathic features and abnormalities in reward and punishment processing in youth. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 17:125\u2013156","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1172_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.05.004","volume":"75","author":"AL Byrd","year":"2014","unstructured":"Byrd AL, Manuck SB (2014) MAOA, childhood maltreatment, and antisocial behavior: meta-analysis of a gene-environment interaction. Biol Psychiatry 75:9\u201317","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2013.12.050","volume":"261","author":"F Calcagnoli","year":"2014","unstructured":"Calcagnoli F, de Boer SF, Beiderbeck DI, Althaus M, Koolhaas JM, Neumann ID (2014) Local oxytocin expression and oxytocin receptor binding in the male rat brain is associated with aggressiveness. Behav Brain Res 261:315\u2013322","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"1172_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.3389\/fnhum.2013.00281","volume":"7","author":"CI Calero","year":"2013","unstructured":"Calero CI, Salles A, Semelman M, Sigman M (2013) Age and gender dependent development of theory of mind in 6- to 8-years old children. Front Hum Neurosci 7:281","journal-title":"Front Hum Neurosci"},{"key":"1172_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2014.95","volume":"19","author":"CA Cecil","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cecil CA, Lysenko LJ, Jaffee SR, Pingault JB, Smith RG, Relton CL, Woodward G, McArdle W, Mill J, Barker ED (2014) Environmental risk, oxytocin receptor gene (OXTR) methylation and youth callous\u2013unemotional traits: a 13-year longitudinal study. Mol Psychiatry 19:1071\u20131077","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199709000-00011","volume":"36","author":"DB Clark","year":"1997","unstructured":"Clark DB, Pollock N, Bukstein OG, Mezzich AC, Bromberger JT, Donovan JE (1997) Gender and comorbid psychopathology in adolescents with alcohol dependence. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:1195\u20131203","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1037\/lhb0000108","volume":"39","author":"OF Colins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Colins OF, Andershed H (2015) The DSM-5 with limited prosocial emotions specifier for conduct disorder among detained girls. Law Hum Behav 39:198\u2013207","journal-title":"Law Hum Behav"},{"key":"1172_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-016-0869-7","volume":"26","author":"OF Colins","year":"2017","unstructured":"Colins OF, Van DL, Fanti KA, Andershed H (2017) The prospective usefulness of callous\u2013unemotional traits and conduct disorder in predicting treatment engagement among detained girls. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26:75\u201385","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199311000-00015","volume":"32","author":"JN Constantino","year":"1993","unstructured":"Constantino JN, Grosz D, Saenger P, Chandler DW, Nandi R, Earls FJ (1993) Testosterone and aggression in children. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 32:1217\u20131222","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.60.8.837","volume":"60","author":"EJ Costello","year":"2003","unstructured":"Costello EJ, Mustillo S, Erkanli A, Keeler G, Angold A (2003) Prevalence and development of psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 60:837\u2013844","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9376-3","volume":"38","author":"AM Crapanzano","year":"2010","unstructured":"Crapanzano AM, Frick PJ, Terranova AM (2010) Patterns of physical and relational aggression in a school-based sample of boys and girls. J Abnorm Child Psychol 38:433\u2013445","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.2307\/1131945","volume":"66","author":"NR Crick","year":"1995","unstructured":"Crick NR, Grotpeter JK (1995) Relational aggression, gender, and social\u2013psychological adjustment. Child Dev 66:710\u2013722","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"1172_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-005-9009-4","volume":"34","author":"NR Crick","year":"2006","unstructured":"Crick NR, Ostrov JM, Werner NE (2006) A longitudinal study of relational aggression, physical aggression, and children\u2019s social-psychological adjustment. J Abnorm Child Psychol 34:131\u2013142","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579413000497","volume":"26","author":"MR Dadds","year":"2014","unstructured":"Dadds MR, Moul C, Cauchi A, Dobson-Stone C, Hawes DJ, Brennan J, Ebstein RE (2014) Methylation of the oxytocin receptor gene and oxytocin blood levels in the development of psychopathy. Dev Psychopathol 26:33\u201340","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"1172_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e91701","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0091701","volume":"9","author":"TR Jong de","year":"2014","unstructured":"de Jong TR, Beiderbeck DI, Neumann ID (2014) Measuring virgin female aggression in the female intruder test (FIT): effects of oxytocin, estrous cycle, and anxiety. PLoS One 9:e91701","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1172_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20150077","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.2015.0077","volume":"371","author":"J Decety","year":"2016","unstructured":"Decety J, Bartal IB, Uzefovsky F, Knafo-Noam A (2016) Empathy as a driver of prosocial behaviour: highly conserved neurobehavioural mechanisms across species. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 371:20150077","journal-title":"Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci"},{"key":"1172_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pscychresns.2015.07.009","volume":"233","author":"J Decety","year":"2015","unstructured":"Decety J, Yoder KJ, Lahey BB (2015) Sex differences in abnormal white matter development associated with conduct disorder in children. Psychiatry Res 233:269\u2013277","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1172_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2010.73","volume":"16","author":"DM Dick","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dick DM, Aliev F, Krueger RF, Edwards A, Agrawal A, Lynskey M, Lin P, Schuckit M, Hesselbrock V, Nurnberger J Jr, Almasy L, Porjesz B, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz K, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Bierut L (2011) Genome-wide association study of conduct disorder symptomatology. Mol Psychiatry 16:800\u2013808","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001368","volume":"9","author":"DM Dick","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dick DM, Li TK, Edenberg HJ, Hesselbrock V, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Porjesz B, Bucholz K, Goate A, Nurnberger J, Foroud T (2004) A genome-wide screen for genes influencing conduct disorder. Mol Psychiatry 9:81\u201386","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2014.08.001","volume":"103","author":"B Ditzen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ditzen B, Ehlert U, Nater UM (2014) Associations between salivary alpha-amylase and catecholamines\u2014a multilevel modeling approach. Biol Psychol 103:15\u201318","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1159\/000054881","volume":"43","author":"TN Dmitrieva","year":"2001","unstructured":"Dmitrieva TN, Oades RD, Hauffa BP, Eggers C (2001) Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate and corticotropin levels are high in young male patients with conduct disorder: comparisons for growth factors, thyroid and gonadal hormones. Neuropsychobiology 43:134\u2013140","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"1172_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2009.01.004","volume":"81","author":"LD Dorn","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dorn LD, Kolko DJ, Susman EJ, Huang B, Stein H, Music E, Bukstein OG (2009) Salivary gonadal and adrenal hormone differences in boys and girls with and without disruptive behavior disorders: contextual variants. Biol Psychol 81:31\u201339","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2011.11020191","volume":"168","author":"LE Duncan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Duncan LE, Keller MC (2011) A critical review of the first 10\u00a0years of candidate gene-by-environment interaction research in psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 168:1041\u20131049","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01614.x","volume":"38","author":"LJ Eaves","year":"1997","unstructured":"Eaves LJ, Silberg JL, Meyer JM, Maes HH, Simonoff E, Pickles A, Rutter M, Neale MC, Reynolds CA, Erikson MT, Heath AC, Loeber R, Truett KR, Hewitt JK (1997) Genetics and developmental psychopathology: 2. The main effects of genes and environment on behavioral problems in the Virginia Twin Study of Adolescent Behavioral Development. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 38:965\u2013980","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1136\/jech-2013-202430","volume":"67","author":"AM El-Sayed","year":"2013","unstructured":"El-Sayed AM, Koenen KC, Galea S (2013) Putting the \u2018epi\u2019 into epigenetics research in psychiatry. J Epidemiol Community Health 67:610\u2013616","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"1172_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-183X.2009.00535.x","volume":"9","author":"MA Enoch","year":"2010","unstructured":"Enoch MA, Steer CD, Newman TK, Gibson N, Goldman D (2010) Early life stress, MAOA, and gene-environment interactions predict behavioral disinhibition in children. Genes Brain Behav 9:65\u201374","journal-title":"Genes Brain Behav"},{"key":"1172_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191106287354","volume":"13","author":"CA Essau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Essau CA, Sasagawa S, Frick PJ (2006) Callous\u2013unemotional traits in a community sample of adolescents. Assessment 13:454\u2013469","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"1172_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2014.02.009","volume":"53","author":"G Fairchild","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fairchild G, Hagan CC, Passamonti L, Walsh ND, Goodyer IM, Calder AJ (2014) Atypical neural responses during face processing in female adolescents with conduct disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 53:677\u2013687","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2010.02.019","volume":"68","author":"G Fairchild","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fairchild G, Stobbe Y, Van Goozen SH, Calder AJ, Goodyer IM (2010) Facial expression recognition, fear conditioning, and startle modulation in female subjects with conduct disorder. Biol Psychiatry 68:272\u2013279","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2015.04.018","volume":"8","author":"G Fairchild","year":"2015","unstructured":"Fairchild G, Toschi N, Hagan CC, Goodyer IM, Calder AJ, Passamonti L (2015) Cortical thickness, surface area, and folding alterations in male youths with conduct disorder and varying levels of callous\u2013unemotional traits. Neuroimage Clin 8:253\u2013260","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"1172_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.02020.x","volume":"50","author":"G Fairchild","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fairchild G, Van Goozen SH, Calder AJ, Stollery SJ, Goodyer IM (2009) Deficits in facial expression recognition in male adolescents with early-onset or adolescence-onset conduct disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 50:627\u2013636","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2008.05.022","volume":"64","author":"G Fairchild","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fairchild G, Van Goozen SH, Stollery SJ, Brown J, Gardiner J, Herbert J, Goodyer IM (2008) Cortisol diurnal rhythm and stress reactivity in male adolescents with early-onset or adolescence-onset conduct disorder. Biol Psychiatry 64:599\u2013606","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR60","unstructured":"Fanti KA (2016) Understanding heterogeneity in conduct disorder: a review of psychophysiological studies. Neurosci Biobehav Rev (epub ahead of print)"},{"key":"1172_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-013-9958-9","volume":"42","author":"KA Fanti","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fanti KA, Demetriou CA, Kimonis ER (2013) Variants of callous\u2013unemotional conduct problems in a community sample of adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 42:964\u2013979","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"1172_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-014-9661-y","volume":"44","author":"CA Ficks","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ficks CA, Waldman ID (2014) Candidate genes for aggression and antisocial behavior: a meta-analysis of association studies of the 5HTTLPR and MAOA-uVNTR. Behav Genet 44:427\u2013444","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"1172_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1002\/ab.20263","volume":"34","author":"JE Fite","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fite JE, Goodnight JA, Bates JE, Dodge KA, Pettit GS (2008) Adolescent aggression and social cognition in the context of personality: impulsivity as a moderator of predictions from social information processing. Aggress Behav 34:511\u2013520","journal-title":"Aggress Behav"},{"key":"1172_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01949.x","volume":"50","author":"N Fontaine","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fontaine N, Carbonneau R, Vitaro F, Barker ED, Tremblay RE (2009) Research review: a critical review of studies on the developmental trajectories of antisocial behavior in females. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 50:363\u2013385","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR65","first-page":"656","volume":"49","author":"NM Fontaine","year":"2010","unstructured":"Fontaine NM, Rijsdijk FV, McCrory EJ, Viding E (2010) Etiology of different developmental trajectories of callous\u2013unemotional traits. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49:656\u2013664","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0536-9","volume":"23","author":"C Freitag","year":"2014","unstructured":"Freitag C (2014) Neurobiology and treatment of adolescent female conduct disorder: FemNAT-CD consortium: a new European cooperation. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 23:723\u2013724","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032511-143150","volume":"8","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2012","unstructured":"Frick PJ, Nigg JT (2012) Current issues in the diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, oppositional defiant disorder, and conduct disorder. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 8:77\u2013107","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12152","volume":"55","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2014","unstructured":"Frick PJ, Ray JV, Thornton LC, Kahn RE (2014) Annual research review: a developmental psychopathology approach to understanding callous\u2013unemotional traits in children and adolescents with serious conduct problems. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 55:532\u2013548","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1080\/00223890903088420","volume":"91","author":"AL Fung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fung AL, Raine A, Gao Y (2009) Cross-cultural generalizability of the reactive\u2013proactive aggression questionnaire (RPQ). J Pers Assess 91:473\u2013479","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"1172_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2013.127","volume":"70","author":"D Gaysina","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gaysina D, Fergusson DM, Leve LD, Horwood J, Reiss D, Shaw DS, Elam KK, Natsuaki MN, Neiderhiser JM, Harold GT (2013) Maternal smoking during pregnancy and offspring conduct problems: evidence from 3 independent genetically sensitive research designs. JAMA Psychiatry 70:956\u2013963","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00373.x","volume":"46","author":"HL Gelhorn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gelhorn HL, Stallings MC, Young SE, Corley RP, Rhee SH, Hewitt JK (2005) Genetic and environmental influences on conduct disorder: symptom, domain and full-scale analyses. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 46:580\u2013591","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.euroneuro.2008.08.008","volume":"19","author":"P Golubchik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Golubchik P, Mozes T, Maayan R, Weizman A (2009) Neurosteroid blood levels in delinquent adolescent boys with conduct disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 19:49\u201352","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"1172_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.159.7.1214","volume":"159","author":"RW Greene","year":"2002","unstructured":"Greene RW, Biederman J, Zerwas S, Monuteaux MC, Goring JC, Faraone SV (2002) Psychiatric comorbidity, family dysfunction, and social impairment in referred youth with oppositional defiant disorder. Am J Psychiatry 159:1214\u20131224","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.05.004","volume":"56","author":"AP Groenman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Groenman AP, Janssen TWP, Oosterlaan J (2017) Childhood psychiatric disorders as risk factor for subsequent substance abuse: a meta-analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 56:556\u2013569","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e86822","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0086822","volume":"9","author":"C Guillemin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Guillemin C, Provencal N, Suderman M, Cote SM, Vitaro F, Hallett M, Tremblay RE, Szyf M (2014) DNA methylation signature of childhood chronic physical aggression in T cells of both men and women. PLoS ONE 9:e86822","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1172_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.02.022","volume":"76","author":"J Haller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Haller J (2017) Studies into abnormal aggression in humans and rodents: methodological and translational aspects. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 76:77\u201386","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1172_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.123.3.260","volume":"123","author":"CM Hartung","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hartung CM, Widiger TA (1998) Gender differences in the diagnosis of mental disorders: conclusions and controversies of the DSM-IV. Psychol Bull 123:260\u2013278","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"1172_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1007\/s10519-015-9721-y","volume":"45","author":"A Heinrich","year":"2015","unstructured":"Heinrich A, Buchmann AF, Zohsel K, Dukal H, Frank J, Treutlein J, Nieratschker V, Witt SH, Brandeis D, Schmidt MH, Esser G, Banaschewski T, Laucht M, Rietschel M (2015) Alterations of glucocorticoid receptor gene methylation in externalizing disorders during childhood and adolescence. Behav Genet 45:529\u2013536","journal-title":"Behav Genet"},{"key":"1172_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-012-0513-x","volume":"47","author":"PC Herpers","year":"2012","unstructured":"Herpers PC, Rommelse NN, Bons DM, Buitelaar JK, Scheepers FE (2012) callous\u2013unemotional traits as a cross-disorders construct. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 47:2045\u20132064","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"1172_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1080\/15374410701444165","volume":"36","author":"AE Hipwell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hipwell AE, Pardini DA, Loeber R, Sembower M, Keenan K, Stouthamer-Loeber M (2007) Callous\u2013unemotional behaviors in young girls: shared and unique effects relative to conduct problems. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 36:293\u2013304","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02448.x","volume":"52","author":"AE Hipwell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hipwell AE, Stepp S, Feng X, Burke J, Battista DR, Loeber R, Keenan K (2011) Impact of oppositional defiant disorder dimensions on the temporal ordering of conduct problems and depression across childhood and adolescence in girls. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 52:1099\u20131108","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02454.x","volume":"52","author":"CW Hobson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hobson CW, Scott S, Rubia K (2011) Investigation of cool and hot executive function in ODD\/CD independently of ADHD. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 52:1035\u20131043","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR83","unstructured":"Holz NE, Zohsel K, Laucht M, Banaschewski T, Hohmann S, Brandeis D (2016) Gene\u2009\u00d7\u2009environment interactions in conduct disorder: Implications for future treatments. Neurosci Biobehav Rev (epub ahead of print)"},{"key":"1172_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2011.11.017","volume":"72","author":"CJ Hyatt","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hyatt CJ, Haney-Caron E, Stevens MC (2012) Cortical thickness and folding deficits in conduct-disordered adolescents. Biol Psychiatry 72:207\u2013214","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17393","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch.v71i0.17393","volume":"71","author":"E Ilomaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ilomaki E, Hakko H, Ilomaki R, Rasanen P (2012) Gender differences in comorbidity of conduct disorder among adolescents in Northern Finland. Int J Circumpolar Health 71:17393","journal-title":"Int J Circumpolar Health"},{"key":"1172_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579402002110","volume":"14","author":"KC Jacobson","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jacobson KC, Prescott CA, Kendler KS (2002) Sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on the development of antisocial behavior. Dev Psychopathol 14:395\u2013416","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"1172_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.06.026","volume":"61","author":"M Jain","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jain M, Palacio LG, Castellanos FX, Palacio JD, Pineda D, Restrepo MI, Munoz JF, Lopera F, Wallis D, Berg K, Bailey-Wilson JE, Arcos-Burgos M, Muenke M (2007) Attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid disruptive behavior disorders: evidence of pleiotropy and new susceptibility loci. Biol Psychiatry 61:1329\u20131339","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3467","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291715001361","volume":"45","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Guo X, Zhang J, Gao J, Wang X, Situ W, Yi J, Zhang X, Zhu X, Yao S, Huang B (2015) Abnormalities of cortical structures in adolescent-onset conduct disorder. Psychol Med 45:3467\u20133479","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1172_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.01.034","volume":"76","author":"ZV Johnson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Johnson ZV, Young LJ (2017) Oxytocin and vasopressin neural networks: implications for social behavioral diversity and translational neuroscience. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 76:87\u201398","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1172_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2005.08.010","volume":"29","author":"D Jolliffe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Jolliffe D, Farrington DP (2006) Development and validation of the Basic Empathy Scale. J Adolesc 29:589\u2013611","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"1172_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/chi.0b013e31815a56b8","volume":"47","author":"K Keenan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Keenan K, Coyne C, Lahey BB (2008) Should relational aggression be included in DSM-V? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 47:86\u201393","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021811307364","volume":"2","author":"K Keenan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Keenan K, Loeber R, Green S (1999) Conduct disorder in girls: a review of the literature. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2:3\u201319","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1172_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019346","volume":"119","author":"K Keenan","year":"2010","unstructured":"Keenan K, Wroblewski K, Hipwell A, Loeber R, Stouthamer-Loeber M (2010) Age of onset, symptom threshold, and expansion of the nosology of conduct disorder for girls. J Abnorm Psychol 119:689\u2013698","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-005-0432-4","volume":"14","author":"M Kempes","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kempes M, Matthys W, de Vries H, van Engeland H (2005) Reactive and proactive aggression in children\u2013a review of theory, findings and the relevance for child and adolescent psychiatry. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 14:11\u201319","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1972","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2006.00243.x","volume":"30","author":"KS Kendler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kendler KS, Kuo PH, Webb BT, Kalsi G, Neale MC, Sullivan PF, Walsh D, Patterson DG, Riley B, Prescott CA (2006) A joint genomewide linkage analysis of symptoms of alcohol dependence and conduct disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 30:1972\u20131977","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"1172_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-016-1705-6","volume":"17","author":"L Kersten","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kersten L, Pratzlich M, Mannstadt S, Ackermann K, Kohls G, Oldenhof H, Saure D, Krieger K, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Popma A, Freitag CM, Trestman RL, Stadler C (2016) START NOW\u2014a comprehensive skills training programme for female adolescents with oppositional defiant and conduct disorders: study protocol for a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Trials 17:568","journal-title":"Trials"},{"key":"1172_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12357","volume":"56","author":"ER Kimonis","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kimonis ER, Fanti KA, Frick PJ, Moffitt TE, Essau C, Bijttebier P, Marsee MA (2015) Using self-reported callous\u2013unemotional traits to cross-nationally assess the DSM-5 \u2018With Limited Prosocial Emotions\u2019 specifier. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 56:1249\u20131261","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-016-0096-5","volume":"10","author":"HO Korsgaard","year":"2016","unstructured":"Korsgaard HO, Torgersen S, Wentzel-Larsen T, Ulberg R (2016) Substance abuse and personality disorder comorbidity in adolescent outpatients: are girls more severely ill than boys? Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 10:8","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"key":"1172_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2011.12.022","volume":"50","author":"ME Kret","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kret ME, de Gelder B (2012) A review on sex differences in processing emotional signals. Neuropsychologia 50:1211\u20131221","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"1172_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02300.x","volume":"52","author":"LM Kroneman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kroneman LM, Hipwell AE, Loeber R, Koot HM, Pardini DA (2011) Contextual risk factors as predictors of disruptive behavior disorder trajectories in girls: the moderating effect of callous\u2013unemotional features. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 52:167\u2013175","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02509.x","volume":"53","author":"BB Lahey","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lahey BB, Waldman ID (2012) Annual research review: phenotypic and causal structure of conduct disorder in the broader context of prevalent forms of psychopathology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 53:536\u2013557","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2214.2012.01366.x","volume":"38","author":"K Latimer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Latimer K, Wilson P, Kemp J, Thompson L, Sim F, Gillberg C, Puckering C, Minnis H (2012) Disruptive behaviour disorders: a systematic review of environmental antenatal and early years risk factors. Child Care Health Dev 38:611\u2013628","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"key":"1172_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480902730615","volume":"63","author":"P Lehto-Salo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lehto-Salo P, Narhi V, Ahonen T, Marttunen M (2009) Psychiatric comorbidity more common among adolescent females with CD\/ODD than among males. Nord J Psychiatry 63:308\u2013315","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e714","DOI":"10.1038\/tp.2015.216","volume":"6","author":"P Lindner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Lindner P, Savic I, Sitnikov R, Budhiraja M, Liu Y, Jokinen J, Tiihonen J, Hodgins S (2016) Conduct disorder in females is associated with reduced corpus callosum structural integrity independent of comorbid disorders and exposure to maltreatment. Transl Psychiatry 6:e714","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1468","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200012000-00007","volume":"39","author":"R Loeber","year":"2000","unstructured":"Loeber R, Burke JD, Lahey BB, Winters A, Zera M (2000) Oppositional defiant and conduct disorder: a review of the past 10\u00a0years, part I. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 39:1468\u20131484","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(94)90015-9","volume":"14","author":"R Loeber","year":"1994","unstructured":"Loeber R, Keenan K (1994) Interaction between conduct disorder and its comorbid conditions: effects of age and gender. Clin Psychol Rev 14:497\u2013523","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1172_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.2.187","volume":"102","author":"D Lynam","year":"1993","unstructured":"Lynam D, Moffitt T, Stouthamer-Loeber M (1993) Explaining the relation between IQ and delinquency: class, race, test motivation, school failure, or self-control? J Abnorm Psychol 102:187\u2013196","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1097\/YPG.0000000000000044","volume":"24","author":"AI Malik","year":"2014","unstructured":"Malik AI, Zai CC, Berall L, Abu Z, Din F, Nowrouzi B, Chen S, Beitchman JH (2014) The role of genetic variants in genes regulating the oxytocin\u2013vasopressin neurohumoral system in childhood-onset aggression. Psychiatr Genet 24:201\u2013210","journal-title":"Psychiatr Genet"},{"key":"1172_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838014526068","volume":"16","author":"R Maniglio","year":"2015","unstructured":"Maniglio R (2015) Significance, nature, and direction of the association between child sexual abuse and conduct disorder: a systematic review. Trauma Violence Abuse 16:241\u2013257","journal-title":"Trauma Violence Abuse"},{"key":"1172_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.3109\/08039488.2012.738245","volume":"67","author":"M Manninen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Manninen M, Lindgren M, Huttunen M, Ebeling H, Moilanen I, Kalska H, Suvisaari J, Therman S (2013) Low verbal ability predicts later violence in adolescent boys with serious conduct problems. Nord J Psychiatry 67:289\u2013297","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.06.004","volume":"21","author":"NR Marmorstein","year":"2007","unstructured":"Marmorstein NR (2007) Relationships between anxiety and externalizing disorders in youth: the influences of age and gender. J Anxiety Disord 21:420\u2013432","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"1172_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1037\/a0023369","volume":"23","author":"MA Marsee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Marsee MA, Barry CT, Childs KK, Frick PJ, Kimonis ER, Munoz LC, Aucoin KJ, Fassnacht GM, Kunimatsu MM, Lau KS (2011) Assessing the forms and functions of aggression using self-report: factor structure and invariance of the Peer Conflict Scale in youths. Psychol Assess 23:792\u2013804","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"1172_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579414000339","volume":"26","author":"MA Marsee","year":"2014","unstructured":"Marsee MA, Frick PJ, Barry CT, Kimonis ER, Munoz Centifanti LC, Aucoin KJ (2014) Profiles of the forms and functions of self-reported aggression in three adolescent samples. Dev Psychopathol 26:705\u2013720","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"1172_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2006.11.001","volume":"151","author":"CW Mathias","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mathias CW, Stanford MS, Marsh DM, Frick PJ, Moeller FG, Swann AC, Dougherty DM (2007) Characterizing aggressive behavior with the Impulsive\/Premeditated Aggression Scale among adolescents with conduct disorder. Psychiatry Res 151:231\u2013242","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1172_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579412000272","volume":"25","author":"W Matthys","year":"2013","unstructured":"Matthys W, Vanderschuren LJ, Schutter DJ (2013) The neurobiology of oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder: altered functioning in three mental domains. Dev Psychopathol 25:193\u2013207","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"1172_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00250.x","volume":"45","author":"B Maughan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maughan B, Rowe R, Messer J, Goodman R, Meltzer H (2004) Conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in a national sample: developmental epidemiology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 45:609\u2013621","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1258\/jrsm.2011.110222","volume":"105","author":"E McCrory","year":"2012","unstructured":"McCrory E, De Brito SA, Viding E (2012) The link between child abuse and psychopathology: a review of neurobiological and genetic research. J R Soc Med 105:151\u2013156","journal-title":"J R Soc Med"},{"key":"1172_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1037\/a0022303","volume":"120","author":"MH Meier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Meier MH, Slutske WS, Heath AC, Martin NG (2011) Sex differences in the genetic and environmental influences on childhood conduct disorder and adult antisocial behavior. J Abnorm Psychol 120:377\u2013388","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12474","volume":"57","author":"KJ Michalska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Michalska KJ, Zeffiro TA, Decety J (2016) Brain response to viewing others being harmed in children with conduct disorder symptoms. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 57:510\u2013519","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01823.x","volume":"49","author":"TE Moffitt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moffitt TE, Arseneault L, Jaffee SR, Kim-Cohen J, Koenen KC, Odgers CL, Slutske WS, Viding E (2008) Research review: DSM-V conduct disorder: research needs for an evidence base. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 49:3\u201333","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-010-0206-1","volume":"42","author":"LC Munoz","year":"2011","unstructured":"Munoz LC, Qualter P, Padgett G (2011) Empathy and bullying: exploring the influence of callous\u2013unemotional traits. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 42:183\u2013196","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"key":"1172_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1007\/s11065-015-9315-8","volume":"26","author":"SD Noordermeer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Noordermeer SD, Luman M, Oosterlaan J (2016) A systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging in oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) Taking attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) into account. Neuropsychol Rev 26:44\u201372","journal-title":"Neuropsychol Rev"},{"key":"1172_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.05.052","volume":"242","author":"C Northover","year":"2016","unstructured":"Northover C, Thapar A, Langley K, Fairchild G, Van Goozen SH (2016) Cortisol levels at baseline and under stress in adolescent males with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, with or without comorbid conduct disorder. Psychiatry Res 242:130\u2013136","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1172_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.64.4.476","volume":"64","author":"CL Odgers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Odgers CL, Caspi A, Broadbent JM, Dickson N, Hancox RJ, Harrington H, Poulton R, Sears MR, Thomson WM, Moffitt TE (2007) Prediction of differential adult health burden by conduct problem subtypes in males. Arch Gen Psychiatry 64:476\u2013484","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579408000333","volume":"20","author":"CL Odgers","year":"2008","unstructured":"Odgers CL, Moffitt TE, Broadbent JM, Dickson N, Hancox RJ, Harrington H, Poulton R, Sears MR, Thomson WM, Caspi A (2008) Female and male antisocial trajectories: from childhood origins to adult outcomes. Dev Psychopathol 20:673\u2013716","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"1172_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579413000199","volume":"25","author":"SL Olson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Olson SL, Sameroff AJ, Lansford JE, Sexton H, Davis-Kean P, Bates JE, Pettit GS, Dodge KA (2013) Deconstructing the externalizing spectrum: growth patterns of overt aggression, covert aggression, oppositional behavior, impulsivity\/inattention, and emotion dysregulation between school entry and early adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 25:817\u2013842","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"1172_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200402000-00010","volume":"43","author":"J Ortiz","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ortiz J, Raine A (2004) Heart rate level and antisocial behavior in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 43:154\u2013162","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1097\/CHI.0b013e3181640828","volume":"47","author":"K Pajer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pajer K, Chung J, Leininger L, Wang W, Gardner W, Yeates K (2008) Neuropsychological function in adolescent girls with conduct disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 47:416\u2013425","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.58.3.297","volume":"58","author":"K Pajer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Pajer K, Gardner W, Rubin RT, Perel J, Neal S (2001) Decreased cortisol levels in adolescent girls with conduct disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:297\u2013302","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1245","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.09.005","volume":"31","author":"K Pajer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Pajer K, Tabbah R, Gardner W, Rubin RT, Czambel RK, Wang Y (2006) Adrenal androgen and gonadal hormone levels in adolescent girls with conduct disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 31:1245\u20131256","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1172_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.75","volume":"67","author":"L Passamonti","year":"2010","unstructured":"Passamonti L, Fairchild G, Goodyer IM, Hurford G, Hagan CC, Rowe JB, Calder AJ (2010) Neural abnormalities in early-onset and adolescence-onset conduct disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67:729\u2013738","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2010.11.005","volume":"34","author":"W Pedersen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pedersen W, Mastekaasa A (2011) Conduct disorder symptoms and subsequent pregnancy, child-birth and abortion: a population-based longitudinal study of adolescents. J Adolesc 34:1025\u20131033","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"key":"1172_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"702","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3285","volume":"47","author":"TJ Polderman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Polderman TJ, Benyamin B, de Leeuw CA, Sullivan PF, van Bochoven A, Visscher PM, Bochoven D (2015) Meta-analysis of the heritability of human traits based on fifty years of twin studies. Nat Genet 47:702\u2013709","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"key":"1172_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2006.05.005","volume":"31","author":"A Popma","year":"2006","unstructured":"Popma A, Jansen LM, Vermeiren R, Steiner H, Raine A, Van Goozen SH, vanEngeland H, Doreleijers TA (2006) Hypothalamus pituitary adrenal axis and autonomic activity during stress in delinquent male adolescents and controls. Psychoneuroendocrinology 31:948\u2013957","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1172_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291708004170","volume":"39","author":"EC Prom-Wormley","year":"2009","unstructured":"Prom-Wormley EC, Eaves LJ, Foley DL, Gardner CO, Archer KJ, Wormley BK, Maes HH, Riley BP, Silberg JL (2009) Monoamine oxidase A and childhood adversity as risk factors for conduct disorder in females. Psychol Med 39:579\u2013590","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"1172_CR136","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e89839","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0089839","volume":"9","author":"N Provencal","year":"2014","unstructured":"Provencal N, Suderman MJ, Guillemin C, Vitaro F, Cote SM, Hallett M, Tremblay RE, Szyf M (2014) Association of childhood chronic physical aggression with a DNA methylation signature in adult human T cells. PLoS ONE 9:e89839","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1172_CR137","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0136553","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0136553","volume":"10","author":"NM Raschle","year":"2015","unstructured":"Raschle NM, Menks WM, Fehlbaum LV, Tshomba E, Stadler C (2015) Structural and functional alterations in right dorsomedial prefrontal and left insular cortex co-localize in adolescents with aggressive behaviour: an ALE meta-analysis. PLoS ONE 10:e0136553","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1172_CR138","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-008-1003-2","volume":"17","author":"U Ravens-Sieberer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ravens-Sieberer U, Wille N, Erhart M, Bettge S, Wittchen HU, Rothenberger A, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Resch F, Holling H, Bullinger M, Barkmann C, Schulte-Markwort M, Dopfner M (2008) Prevalence of mental health problems among children and adolescents in Germany: results of the BELLA study within the National Health Interview and Examination Survey. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 17(Suppl 1):22\u201333","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR139","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379504000606","volume":"40","author":"P Reebye","year":"1995","unstructured":"Reebye P, Moretti MM, Lessard JC (1995) Conduct disorder and substance use disorder: comorbidity in a clinical sample of preadolescents and adolescents. Can J Psychiatry 40:313\u2013319","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR140","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198803000-00004","volume":"27","author":"JM Rey","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rey JM, Bashir MR, Schwarz M, Richards IN, Plapp JM, Stewart GW (1988) Oppositional disorder: fact or fiction? J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27:157\u2013162","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR141","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2015.2423","volume":"73","author":"JC Rogers","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rogers JC, De Brito SA (2016) Cortical and subcortical gray matter volume in youths with conduct problems: a meta-analysis. JAMA Psychiatry 73:64\u201372","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR142","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200101000-00020","volume":"40","author":"P Rohde","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rohde P, Lewinsohn PM, Kahler CW, Seeley JR, Brown RA (2001) Natural course of alcohol use disorders from adolescence to young adulthood. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 40:83\u201390","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR143","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020798","volume":"119","author":"R Rowe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rowe R, Costello EJ, Angold A, Copeland WE, Maughan B (2010) Developmental pathways in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 119:726\u2013738","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR144","unstructured":"Salvatore JE, Dick DM (2016) Genetic influences on conduct disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev (epub ahead of print)"},{"key":"1172_CR145","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2016.10.001","volume":"246","author":"AB Schote","year":"2016","unstructured":"Schote AB, Bonenberger M, Palmason H, Seitz C, Meyer J, Freitag CM (2016) Glucocorticoid receptor variants in childhood attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and comorbid psychiatric disorders. Psychiatry Res 246:275\u2013283","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1172_CR146","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-013-0416-8","volume":"23","author":"C Schwenck","year":"2014","unstructured":"Schwenck C, Gensthaler A, Romanos M, Freitag CM, Schneider W, Taurines R (2014) Emotion recognition in girls with conduct problems. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 23:13\u201322","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR147","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2011.02499.x","volume":"53","author":"C Schwenck","year":"2012","unstructured":"Schwenck C, Mergenthaler J, Keller K, Zech J, Salehi S, Taurines R, Romanos M, Schecklmann M, Schneider W, Warnke A, Freitag CM (2012) Empathy in children with autism and conduct disorder: group-specific profiles and developmental aspects. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 53:651\u2013659","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR148","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.323.7306.191","volume":"323","author":"S Scott","year":"2001","unstructured":"Scott S, Knapp M, Henderson J, Maughan B (2001) Financial cost of social exclusion: follow up study of antisocial children into adulthood. BMJ 323:191","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1172_CR149","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.2070","volume":"69","author":"CL Sebastian","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sebastian CL, McCrory EJ, Cecil CA, Lockwood PL, De Brito SA, Fontaine NM, Viding E (2012) Neural responses to affective and cognitive theory of mind in children with conduct problems and varying levels of callous\u2013unemotional traits. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69:814\u2013822","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR150","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1002\/bsl.870","volume":"27","author":"K Sevecke","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sevecke K, Kosson DS, Krischer MK (2009) The relationship between attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, and psychopathy in adolescent male and female detainees. Behav Sci Law 27:577\u2013598","journal-title":"Behav Sci Law"},{"key":"1172_CR151","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032813-153650","volume":"10","author":"DS Shaw","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shaw DS, Shelleby EC (2014) Early-starting conduct problems: intersection of conduct problems and poverty. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 10:503\u2013528","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR152","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sidlauskaite J, Gonzalez-Madruga K, Smaragdi A, Riccelli R, Puzzo I, Batchelor M, Cornwell H, Clark L, Sonuga-Barke EJS, Fairchild G (2017) Sex differences in risk-based decision making in adolescents with conduct disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry (epub ahead of print)","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-1024-9"},{"key":"1172_CR153","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579499001972","volume":"11","author":"P Silverthorn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Silverthorn P, Frick PJ (1999) Developmental pathways to antisocial behavior: the delayed-onset pathway in girls. Dev Psychopathol 11:101\u2013126","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"1172_CR154","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.05.015","volume":"56","author":"A Smaragdi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smaragdi A, Cornwell H, Toschi N, Riccelli R, Gonzalez-Madruga K, Wells A, Clanton R, Baker R, Rogers J, Martin-Key N, Puzzo I, Batchelor M, Sidlauskaite J, Bernhard A, Martinelli A, Kohls G, Konrad K, Baumann S, Raschle N, Stadler C, Freitag C, Sonuga-Barke EJS, De BS, Fairchild G (2017) Sex differences in the relationship between conduct disorder and cortical structure in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 56:703\u2013712","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR155","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1042","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.62.9.1042","volume":"62","author":"MC Stallings","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stallings MC, Corley RP, Dennehey B, Hewitt JK, Krauter KS, Lessem JM, Mikulich-Gilbertson SK, Rhee SH, Smolen A, Young SE, Crowley TJ (2005) A genome-wide search for quantitative trait Loci that influence antisocial drug dependence in adolescence. Arch Gen Psychiatry 62:1042\u20131051","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR156","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1089\/cyber.2010.0445","volume":"14","author":"G Steffgen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Steffgen G, Konig A, Pfetsch J, Melzer A (2011) Are cyberbullies less empathic? Adolescents\u2019 cyberbullying behavior and empathic responsiveness. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw 14:643\u2013648","journal-title":"Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw"},{"key":"1172_CR157","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1578","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2012.03.011","volume":"50","author":"JS Stevens","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stevens JS, Hamann S (2012) Sex differences in brain activation to emotional stimuli: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Neuropsychologia 50:1578\u20131593","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"1172_CR158","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2009.09.004","volume":"35","author":"EJ Susman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Susman EJ, Dockray S, Granger DA, Blades KT, Randazzo W, Heaton JA, Dorn LD (2010) Cortisol and alpha amylase reactivity and timing of puberty: vulnerabilities for antisocial behaviour in young adolescents. Psychoneuroendocrinology 35:557\u2013569","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology"},{"key":"1172_CR159","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198911000-00010","volume":"28","author":"P Szatmari","year":"1989","unstructured":"Szatmari P, Boyle M, Offord DR (1989) ADDH and conduct disorder: degree of diagnostic overlap and differences among correlates. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 28:865\u2013872","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR160","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"342","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsycho.2012.07.008","volume":"91","author":"MV Thoma","year":"2012","unstructured":"Thoma MV, Kirschbaum C, Wolf JM, Rohleder N (2012) Acute stress responses in salivary alpha-amylase predict increases of plasma norepinephrine. Biol Psychol 91:342\u2013348","journal-title":"Biol Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR161","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031153","volume":"25","author":"LC Thornton","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thornton LC, Frick PJ, Crapanzano AM, Terranova AM (2013) The incremental utility of callous\u2013unemotional traits and conduct problems in predicting aggression and bullying in a community sample of boys and girls. Psychol Assess 25:366\u2013378","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"key":"1172_CR162","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapsychiatry.2017.3069","volume":"74","author":"JJ Tielbeek","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tielbeek JJ, Johansson A, Polderman TJC, Rautiainen MR, Jansen P, Taylor M, Tong X, Lu Q, Burt AS, Tiemeier H, Viding E, Plomin R, Martin NG, Heath AC, Madden PAF, Montgomery G, Beaver KM, Waldman I, Gelernter J, Kranzler HR, Farrer LA, Perry JRB, Munafo M, LoParo D, Paunio T, Tiihonen J, Mous SE, Pappa I, de Leeuw C, Watanabe K, Hammerschlag AR, Salvatore JE, Aliev F, Bigdeli TB, Dick D, Faraone SV, Popma A, Medland SE, Posthuma D (2017) Genome-wide association studies of a broad spectrum of antisocial behavior. JAMA Psychiatry 74:1242\u20131250","journal-title":"JAMA Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR163","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32442","volume":"171","author":"JJ Tielbeek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Tielbeek JJ, Karlsson LR, Beers K, Posthuma D, Popma A, Polderman TJ (2016) Meta-analysis of the serotonin transporter promoter variant (5-HTTLPR) in relation to adverse environment and antisocial behavior. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 171:748\u2013760","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"1172_CR164","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"686","DOI":"10.1017\/thg.2015.74","volume":"18","author":"J Dongen van","year":"2015","unstructured":"van Dongen J, Nivard MG, Baselmans BM, Zilhao NR, Ligthart L, Heijmans BT, Bartels M, Boomsma DI (2015) Epigenome-wide association study of aggressive behavior. Twin Res Hum Genet 18:686\u2013698","journal-title":"Twin Res Hum Genet"},{"key":"1172_CR165","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11115","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms11115","volume":"7","author":"J Dongen van","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Dongen J, Nivard MG, Willemsen G, Hottenga JJ, Helmer Q, Dolan CV, Ehli EA, Davies GE, van Iterson M, Breeze CE, Beck S, Suchiman HE, Jansen R, van Meurs JB, Heijmans BT, Slagboom PE, Boomsma DI (2016) Genetic and environmental influences interact with age and sex in shaping the human methylome. Nat Commun 7:11115","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1172_CR166","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yhbeh.2006.06.021","volume":"50","author":"SH Goozen Van","year":"2006","unstructured":"Van Goozen SH, Fairchild G (2006) Neuroendocrine and neurotransmitter correlates in children with antisocial behavior. Horm Behav 50:647\u2013654","journal-title":"Horm Behav"},{"key":"1172_CR167","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1017\/S095457940800045X","volume":"20","author":"SH Goozen Van","year":"2008","unstructured":"Van Goozen SH, Fairchild G (2008) How can the study of biological processes help design new interventions for children with severe antisocial behavior? Dev Psychopathol 20:941\u2013973","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"1172_CR168","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(98)00360-6","volume":"43","author":"SH Goozen Van","year":"1998","unstructured":"Van Goozen SH, Matthys W, Cohen-Kettenis PT, Thijssen JH, van Engeland H (1998) Adrenal androgens and aggression in conduct disorder prepubertal boys and normal controls. Biol Psychiatry 43:156\u2013158","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR169","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.bp.111.099770","volume":"200","author":"E Viding","year":"2012","unstructured":"Viding E, McCrory EJ (2012) Why should we care about measuring callous\u2013unemotional traits in children? Br J Psychiatry 200:177\u2013178","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR170","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e47371","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0047371","volume":"7","author":"JM Vink","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vink JM, Bartels M, van Beijsterveldt TC, van Dongen J, van Beek JH, Distel MA, de Moor MH, Smit DJ, Minica CC, Ligthart L, Geels LM, Abdellaoui A, Middeldorp CM, Hottenga JJ, Willemsen G, de Geus EJ, Boomsma DI (2012) Sex differences in genetic architecture of complex phenotypes? PLoS ONE 7:e47371","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"1172_CR171","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.12.008","volume":"53","author":"GL Wallace","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wallace GL, White SF, Robustelli B, Sinclair S, Hwang S, Martin A, Blair RJ (2014) Cortical and subcortical abnormalities in youths with conduct disorder and elevated callous\u2013unemotional traits. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 53:456\u2013465","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1172_CR172","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nicl.2017.01.014","volume":"14","author":"R Waller","year":"2017","unstructured":"Waller R, Dotterer HL, Murray L, Maxwell AM, Hyde LW (2017) White-matter tract abnormalities and antisocial behavior: a systematic review of diffusion tensor imaging studies across development. Neuroimage Clin 14:201\u2013215","journal-title":"Neuroimage Clin"},{"key":"1172_CR173","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"650","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.b.32388","volume":"171","author":"R Waltes","year":"2016","unstructured":"Waltes R, Chiocchetti AG, Freitag CM (2016) The neurobiological basis of human aggression: a review on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 171:650\u2013675","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet"},{"key":"1172_CR174","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2003.024737","volume":"95","author":"GA Wasserman","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wasserman GA, McReynolds LS, Ko SJ, Katz LM, Carpenter JR (2005) Gender differences in psychiatric disorders at juvenile probation intake. Am J Public Health 95:131\u2013137","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"1172_CR175","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1099","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-012-9628-5","volume":"40","author":"BT Wymbs","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wymbs BT, McCarty CA, King KM, McCauley E, Vander SA, Baer JS, Waschbusch DA (2012) Callous\u2013unemotional traits as unique prospective risk factors for substance use in early adolescent boys and girls. J Abnorm Child Psychol 40:1099\u20131110","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1172_CR176","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2012.07.044","volume":"200","author":"BO Yildirim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yildirim BO, Derksen JJ (2012) A review on the relationship between testosterone and life-course persistent antisocial behavior. Psychiatry Res 200:984\u20131010","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"1172_CR177","first-page":"673165","volume":"2014","author":"J Zhang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Zhang J, Gao J, Shi H, Huang B, Wang X, Situ W, Cai W, Yi J, Zhu X, Yao S (2014) Sex differences of uncinate fasciculus structural connectivity in individuals with conduct disorder. Biomed Res Int 2014:673165","journal-title":"Biomed Res Int"},{"key":"1172_CR178","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2013.01.006","volume":"36","author":"K Zilles","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zilles K, Palomero-Gallagher N, Amunts K (2013) Development of cortical folding during evolution and ontogeny. Trends Neurosci 36:275\u2013284","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"1172_CR179","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579400004260","volume":"5","author":"M Zoccolillo","year":"1993","unstructured":"Zoccolillo M (1993) Gender and the development of conduct disorder. Dev Psychopathol 5:65\u201378","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"1172_CR180","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199604000-00012","volume":"35","author":"M Zoccolillo","year":"1996","unstructured":"Zoccolillo M, Tremblay R, Vitaro F (1996) DSM-III-R and DSM-III criteria for conduct disorder in preadolescent girls: specific but insensitive. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 35:461\u2013470","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-018-1172-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-018-1172-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-018-1172-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T10:12:31Z","timestamp":1661422351000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00787-018-1172-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]]},"references-count":180,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1172"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-018-1172-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 September 2017","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 May 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 June 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"CMF receives royalties for books on autism and ADHD. She served as a consultant for Desitin and Roche regarding autism. KK receives royalties for a book on adolescent brain development. CSt receives royalties for an intervention manual on CD. BHD receives royalties for books on child and adolescent psychiatry. CSch receives royalties for intervention manuals. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}