{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:27:38Z","timestamp":1786980458169,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575590400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]],"date-time":"2019-12-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575590400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012155","name":"national institute for medical research development","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["940906"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["940906"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012155","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01448-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,9]],"date-time":"2019-12-09T14:04:13Z","timestamp":1575900253000},"page":"1385-1399","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prevalence, comorbidities, and sociodemographic predictors of conduct disorder: the national epidemiology of Iranian children and adolescents psychiatric disorders (IRCAP)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6809-2859","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Salmanian","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Reza","family":"Mohammadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zahra","family":"Hooshyari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Ali","family":"Mostafavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hadi","family":"Zarafshan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Khaleghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ameneh","family":"Ahmadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyyed Salman","family":"Alavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alia","family":"Shakiba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehdi","family":"Rahgozar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parvin","family":"Safavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soroor","family":"Arman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Delpisheh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Soleiman","family":"Mohammadzadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Hamzeh","family":"Hosseini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rahim","family":"Ostovar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyed Kaveh","family":"Hojjat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alireza","family":"Armani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Siavash","family":"Talepasand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahrokh","family":"Amiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1448_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-017-0166-3","volume":"11","author":"A Abubakar-Abdullateef","year":"2017","unstructured":"Abubakar-Abdullateef A, Adedokun B, Omigbodun O (2017) A comparative study of the prevalence and correlates of psychiatric disorders in Almajiris and public primary school pupils in Zaria, Northwest Nigeria. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 11:29. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-017-0166-3","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1448_CR2","first-page":"1054","volume":"14","author":"A Al-Banna","year":"2008","unstructured":"Al-Banna A, Al-Bedwawi S, Al-Saadi A, Al-Maskari F, Eapen V (2008) Prevalence and correlates of conduct disorder among inmates of juvenile detention centres, United Arab Emirates. East Mediterr Health J 14(5):1054\u20131059","journal-title":"East Mediterr Health J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR3","first-page":"55","volume":"5","author":"A Alavi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Alavi A, Mohammadi MR, Joshaghani N, Mahmoudi-Gharaei J (2010) Frequency of psychological disorders amongst children in Urban Areas of Tehran. Iran J Psychiatry 5(2):55\u201359","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry"},{"key":"1448_CR4","volume-title":"Missing data","author":"PD Allison","year":"2001","unstructured":"Allison PD (2001) Missing data. SAGE Publications, California"},{"key":"1448_CR5","unstructured":"National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health and Social Care Institute for Excellence (2013) Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders in children and young people: recognition, intervention and management. The British psychological society and the royal college of psychiatrists, Leicester, UK"},{"key":"1448_CR6","unstructured":"Azadyekt, M. (2011). Prevalence of conduct disorder among elementary students in Tehran city. In: Paper presented at the 2nd international conference on education and educational psychology, ICEEPSY 2011, Istanbul"},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1080\/10550490601080100","volume":"16","author":"KS Bagot","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bagot KS, Berarducci JM, Franken FH, Frazier MJ, Ernst M, Moolchan ET (2007) Adolescents with conduct disorder: early smoking and treatment requests. Am J Addict 16(1):62\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10550490601080100","journal-title":"Am J Addict"},{"issue":"9","key":"1448_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcli.2016.07.019","volume":"147","author":"V Basterra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Basterra V (2016) Percentage of psychoemotional problems in Spanish children and adolescents. Differences between 2006 and 2012. Med Clin (Barc) 147(9):393\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medcli.2016.07.019","journal-title":"Med Clin (Barc)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1448_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.2010.01224.x","volume":"17","author":"TP Beauchaine","year":"2010","unstructured":"Beauchaine TP, Hinshaw SP, Pang KL (2010) Comorbidity of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and early-onset conduct disorder: biological, environmental, and developmental mechanisms. Clin Psychol Sci Pract 17(4):327\u2013336","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1590\/s0325-00752010000200006","volume":"108","author":"ME Bella","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bella ME, Fernandez RA, Willington JM (2010) Depression and the conduct disorder are the most frequent pathologies in child and adolescent suicide attempt. Arch Argent Pediatr 108(2):124\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/s0325-00752010000200006","journal-title":"Arch Argent Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.07.012","volume":"87","author":"TM Button","year":"2007","unstructured":"Button TM, Rhee SH, Hewitt JK, Young SE, Corley RP, Stallings MC (2007) The role of conduct disorder in explaining the comorbidity between alcohol and illicit drug dependence in adolescence. Drug Alcohol Depend 87(1):46\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2006.07.012","journal-title":"Drug Alcohol Depend"},{"key":"1448_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1186\/s13034-017-0182-3","volume":"11","author":"Bum-Sung Choi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Choi Bum-Sung, Kim Johanna Inhyang, Kim Bung-Nyun, Kim Bongseog (2017) Comorbidities and correlates of conduct disorder among male juvenile detainees in South Korea. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Mental Health 11:44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13034-017-0182-3","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatry Mental Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1448_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1080\/10401230701465269","volume":"19","author":"DF Connor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Connor DF, Ford JD, Albert DB, Doerfler LA (2007) Conduct disorder subtype and comorbidity. Ann Clin Psychiatry 19(3):161\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10401230701465269","journal-title":"Ann Clin Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2013.10.004","volume":"37","author":"H Coughlan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Coughlan H, Tiedt L, Clarke M, Kelleher I, Tabish J, Molloy C, Cannon M (2014) Prevalence of DSM-IV mental disorders, deliberate self-harm and suicidal ideation in early adolescence: an Irish population-based study. J Adolesc 37(1):1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.adolescence.2013.10.004","journal-title":"J Adolesc"},{"issue":"6","key":"1448_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0175-3","volume":"20","author":"S Diamantopoulou","year":"2011","unstructured":"Diamantopoulou S, Verhulst FC, van der Ende J (2011) The parallel development of ODD and CD symptoms from early childhood to adolescence. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 20(6):301\u2013309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-011-0175-3","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1448_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1080\/13632752.2016.1165965","volume":"21","author":"MM Emam","year":"2016","unstructured":"Emam MM, Kazem AM, Al-Zubaidi AS (2016) Emotional and behavioural difficulties among middle school students in Oman: an examination of prevalence rate and gender differences. Emot Behav Diffic 21(3):314\u2013328","journal-title":"Emot Behav Diffic"},{"issue":"12","key":"1448_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12144","volume":"54","author":"HE Erskine","year":"2013","unstructured":"Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Nelson P, Polanczyk GV, Flaxman AD, Vos T, Scott JG (2013) Epidemiological modelling of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 54(12):1263\u20131274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12144","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1448_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12186","volume":"55","author":"HE Erskine","year":"2014","unstructured":"Erskine HE, Ferrari AJ, Polanczyk GV, Moffitt TE, Murray CJ, Vos T, Scott JG (2014) The global burden of conduct disorder and attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in 2010. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 55(4):328\u2013336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12186","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"1448_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.016","volume":"55","author":"HE Erskine","year":"2016","unstructured":"Erskine HE, Norman RE, Ferrari AJ, Chan GC, Copeland WE, Whiteford HA, Scott JG (2016) Long-term outcomes of attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 55(10):841\u2013850. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2016.06.016","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1448_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0010-440X(97)90066-3","volume":"38","author":"DC Fehon","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fehon DC, Becker DF, Grilo CM, Walker ML, Levy KN, Edell WS, McGlashan TH (1997) Diagnostic comorbidity in hospitalized adolescents with conduct disorder. Compr Psychiatry 38(3):141\u2013145","journal-title":"Compr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1448_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199007000-00010","volume":"29","author":"Jan E Fleming","year":"1990","unstructured":"Fleming Jan E, Offord David R (1990) Epidemiology of childhood depressive disorders: a critical review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 29(4):571\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-199007000-00010","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1448_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1080\/00325481.2015.996434","volume":"127","author":"A Ghanizadeh","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ghanizadeh A (2015) Conduct behaviors and oppositional defiant behaviors in children and adolescents with ADHD. Postgrad Med 127(3):289\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00325481.2015.996434","journal-title":"Postgrad Med"},{"key":"1448_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-244x-6-10","volume":"6","author":"A Ghanizadeh","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ghanizadeh A, Mohammadi MR, Yazdanshenas A (2006) Psychometric properties of the farsi translation of the kiddie schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia-present and lifetime version. BMC Psychiatry 6:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-244x-6-10","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"key":"1448_CR24","unstructured":"Gitonga M, Muriungi S, Ongaro K, Omondi M (2017) Prevalence of conduct disorder among adolescents in secondary schools: a case of kamukunji and olympic mixed sub-county secondary schools in Nairobi County, Kenya"},{"issue":"5","key":"1448_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.2010.71.652","volume":"71","author":"JR Haber","year":"2010","unstructured":"Haber JR, Bucholz KK, Jacob T, Grant JD, Scherrer JF, Sartor CE, Heath A (2010) Effect of paternal alcohol and drug dependence on offspring conduct disorder: gene-environment interplay. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 71(5):652\u2013663","journal-title":"J Stud Alcohol Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1375\/1832427053738782","volume":"8","author":"JR Haber","year":"2005","unstructured":"Haber JR, Jacob T, Heath AC (2005) Paternal alcoholism and offspring conduct disorder: evidence for the \u2018common genes\u2019 hypothesis. Twin Res Hum Genet 8(2):120\u2013131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1375\/1832427053738782","journal-title":"Twin Res Hum Genet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1448_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00290.x","volume":"30","author":"G Hamdan-Allen","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hamdan-Allen G, Stewart MA, Beeghly JH (1989) Subgrouping conduct disorder by psychiatric family history. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 30(6):889\u2013897","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1448_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17393","DOI":"10.3402\/ijch.v71i0.17393","volume":"71","author":"E Ilomaki","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ilomaki E, Hakko H, Ilomaki R, Rasanen P (2012) Gender differences in comorbidity of conduct disorder among adolescents in Northern Finland. Int J Circumpolar Health 71:17393. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3402\/ijch.v71i0.17393","journal-title":"Int J Circumpolar Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"1448_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1002","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01129-5","volume":"49","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Avenevoli S, Ries Merikangas K (2001) Mood disorders in children and adolescents: an epidemiologic perspective. Biol Psychiatry 49(12):1002\u20131014","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1448_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027017","volume":"3","author":"N Khalifa","year":"2012","unstructured":"Khalifa N, Duggan C, Howard R, Lumsden J (2012) The relationship between childhood conduct disorder and adult antisocial behavior is partially mediated by early-onset alcohol abuse. Personal Disord 3(4):423\u2013432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0027017","journal-title":"Personal Disord"},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198803000-00005","volume":"27","author":"BB Lahey","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lahey BB, Piacentini JC, McBurnett K, Stone P, Hartdagen S, Hynd G (1988) Psychopathology in the parents of children with conduct disorder and hyperactivity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27(2):163\u2013170","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1448_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1080\/08039480902730615","volume":"63","author":"P Lehto-Salo","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lehto-Salo P, Narhi V, Ahonen T, Marttunen M (2009) Psychiatric comorbidity more common among adolescent females with CD\/ODD than among males. Nord J Psychiatry 63(4):308\u2013315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08039480902730615","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1448_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1943-278x.2012.00101.x","volume":"42","author":"J Linker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Linker J, Gillespie NA, Maes H, Eaves L, Silberg JL (2012) Suicidal ideation, depression, and conduct disorder in a sample of adolescent and young adult twins. Suicide Life Threat Behav 42(4):426\u2013436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1943-278x.2012.00101.x","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threat Behav"},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-200302000-00017","volume":"42","author":"NR Marmorstein","year":"2003","unstructured":"Marmorstein NR, Iacono WG (2003) Major depression and conduct disorder in a twin sample: gender, functioning, and risk for future psychopathology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 42(2):225\u2013233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-200302000-00017","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00228.x","volume":"45","author":"NR Marmorstein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Marmorstein NR, Iacono WG (2004) Major depression and conduct disorder in youth: associations with parental psychopathology and parent-child conflict. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 45(2):377\u2013386","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1448_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2004.00250.x","volume":"45","author":"B Maughan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Maughan B, Rowe R, Messer J, Goodman R, Meltzer H (2004) Conduct disorder and oppositional defiant disorder in a national sample: developmental epidemiology. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 45(3):609\u2013621","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1448_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291713001402","volume":"44","author":"B Maughan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Maughan B, Stafford M, Shah I, Kuh D (2014) Adolescent conduct problems and premature mortality: follow-up to age 65\u00a0years in a national birth cohort. Psychol Med 44(5):1077\u20131086. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291713001402","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1448_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.38","volume":"69","author":"KR Merikangas","year":"2012","unstructured":"Merikangas KR, Cui L, Kattan G, Carlson GA, Youngstrom EA, Angst J (2012) Mania with and without depression in a community sample of US adolescents. Arch Gen Psychiatry 69(9):943\u2013951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2012.38","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1448_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.4135\/9781071802687","volume-title":"Applied multivariate research: design and interpretation","author":"LS Meyers","year":"2017","unstructured":"Meyers LS, Gamst G, Guarino AJ (2017) Applied multivariate research: design and interpretation, 3rd edn. SAGE Publications, Thousand Oaks","edition":"3"},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR40","first-page":"66","volume":"12","author":"MR Mohammadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mohammadi MR, Ahmadi N, Kamali K, Khaleghi A, Ahmadi A (2017) Epidemiology of psychiatric disorders in Iranian children and adolescents (IRCAP) and its relationship with social capital, life style and parents\u2019 personality disorders: study protocol. Iran J Psychiatry 12(1):66\u201372","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR41","first-page":"87","volume":"11","author":"MR Mohammadi","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohammadi MR, Ahmadi N, Salmanian M, Asadian-Koohestani F, Ghanizadeh A, Alavi A, Motavallian A (2016) Psychiatric disorders in iranian children and adolescents. Iran J Psychiatry 11(2):87\u201398","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"1448_CR42","first-page":"152","volume":"8","author":"MR Mohammadi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mohammadi MR, Arman S, Dastjerdi JK, Salmanian M, Ahmadi N, Ghanizadeh A, Motavallian A (2013) Psychological problems in Iranian adolescents: application of the self report form of strengths and difficulties questionnaire. Iran J Psychiatry 8(4):152\u2013159","journal-title":"Iran J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1448_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.3109\/09638237.2014.924049","volume":"23","author":"MR Mohammadi","year":"2014","unstructured":"Mohammadi MR, Salmanian M, Ghanizadeh A, Alavi A, Malek A, Fathzadeh H, Motavallian A (2014) Psychological problems of Iranian children and adolescents: parent report form of strengths and difficulties questionnaire. J Ment Health 23(6):287\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/09638237.2014.924049","journal-title":"J Ment Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1448_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1337-5","volume":"52","author":"AA Moore","year":"2017","unstructured":"Moore AA, Silberg JL, Roberson-Nay R, Mezuk B (2017) Life course persistent and adolescence limited conduct disorder in a nationally representative US sample: prevalence, predictors, and outcomes. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 52(4):435\u2013443. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-017-1337-5","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1448_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-013-0695-x","volume":"48","author":"J Murray","year":"2013","unstructured":"Murray J, Anselmi L, Gallo EA, Fleitlich-Bilyk B, Bordin IA (2013) Epidemiology of childhood conduct problems in Brazil: systematic review and meta-analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 48(10):1527\u20131538. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-013-0695-x","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1448_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1177\/070674371005501003","volume":"55","author":"J Murray","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murray J, Farrington DP (2010) Risk factors for conduct disorder and delinquency: key findings from longitudinal studies. Can J Psychiatry 55(10):633\u2013642. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/070674371005501003","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1448_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291706007082","volume":"36","author":"MK Nock","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nock MK, Kazdin AE, Hiripi E, Kessler RC (2006) Prevalence, subtypes, and correlates of DSM-IV conduct disorder in the national comorbidity survey replication. Psychol Med 36(5):699\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291706007082","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"1448_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01733.x","volume":"48","author":"MK Nock","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nock MK, Kazdin AE, Hiripi E, Kessler RC (2007) Lifetime prevalence, correlates, and persistence of oppositional defiant disorder: results from the national comorbidity survey replication. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 48(7):703\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01733.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1448_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.4306\/pi.2014.11.3.251","volume":"11","author":"JH Park","year":"2014","unstructured":"Park JH, Bang YR, Kim CK (2014) Sex and age differences in psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents: high-risk students study. Psychiatry Investig 11(3):251\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4306\/pi.2014.11.3.251","journal-title":"Psychiatry Investig"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1448_CR50","first-page":"89","volume":"2","author":"N Parvaresh","year":"2010","unstructured":"Parvaresh N, Ziaaddini H, Kheradmand A, Bayati H (2010) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder in children of drug dependent parents. Addict Health 2(3\u20134):89\u201394","journal-title":"Addict Health"},{"key":"1448_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Patel RS, Amaravadi N, Bhullar H, Lekireddy J, Win H (2018) Understanding the demographic predictors and associated comorbidities in children hospitalized with conduct disorder. Behav Sci (Basel) 8(9):80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bs8090080","DOI":"10.3390\/bs8090080"},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e88241","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0088241","volume":"9","author":"CS Paula","year":"2014","unstructured":"Paula CS, Bordin IA, Mari JJ, Velasque L, Rohde LA, Coutinho ES (2014) The mental health care gap among children and adolescents: data from an epidemiological survey from four Brazilian regions. PLoS One 9(2):e88241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0088241","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0229-6","volume":"21","author":"GG Polier","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polier GG, Vloet TD, Herpertz-Dahlmann B, Laurens KR, Hodgins S (2012) Comorbidity of conduct disorder symptoms and internalising problems in children: investigating a community and a clinical sample. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 21(1):31\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-011-0229-6","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1448_CR54","first-page":"169","volume":"50","author":"A Rabbani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rabbani A, Mahmoudi-Gharaei J, Mohammadi MR, Motlagh ME, Mohammad K, Ardalan G, Motaghian M (2012) Mental health problems of Iranian female adolescents and its association with pubertal development: a nationwide study. Acta Medica Iranica 50(3):169\u2013176","journal-title":"Acta Medica Iranica"},{"issue":"6","key":"1448_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1177\/070674379504000606","volume":"40","author":"P Reebye","year":"1995","unstructured":"Reebye P, Moretti MM, Lessard JC (1995) Conduct disorder and substance use disorder: comorbidity in a clinical sample of preadolescents and adolescents. Can J Psychiatry 40(6):313\u2013319","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9157-9","volume":"36","author":"SH Rhee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rhee SH, Willcutt EG, Hartman CA, Pennington BF, DeFries JC (2008) Test of alternative hypotheses explaining the comorbidity between attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder and conduct disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol 36(1):29\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-007-9157-9","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1448_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-011-0189-x","volume":"20","author":"K Riala","year":"2011","unstructured":"Riala K, Ilomaki E, Hakko H, Rasanen P (2011) Is the severity of adolescent conduct disorder associated with the level of nicotine dependence? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 20(8):393\u2013399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-011-0189-x","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-0327(95)00077-1","volume":"37","author":"JB Rowe","year":"1996","unstructured":"Rowe JB, Sullivan PF, Mulder RT, Joyce PR (1996) The effect of a history of conduct disorder in adult major depression. J Affect Disord 37(1):51\u201363","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"4","key":"1448_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1037\/a0020798","volume":"119","author":"R Rowe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rowe R, Costello EJ, Angold A, Copeland WE, Maughan B (2010) Developmental pathways in oppositional defiant disorder and conduct disorder. J Abnorm Psychol 119(4):726\u2013738. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0020798","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"1448_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-017-1414-9","author":"M Salmanian","year":"2017","unstructured":"Salmanian M, Asadian-Koohestani F, Mohammadi MR (2017) A systematic review on the prevalence of conduct disorder in the Middle East. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-017-1414-9","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR61","first-page":"69","volume":"14","author":"Z Shahrivar","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shahrivar Z, Tehrani-Doost M, Pakbaz B, Rezaie A, Ahmadi F (2009) Normative data and psychometric properties of the parent and teacher versions of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) in an Iranian community sample. J Res Med Sci 14(2):69\u201377","journal-title":"J Res Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1448_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1002\/(sici)1520-6807(199901)36:1<41::aid-pits5>3.0.co;2-9","volume":"36","author":"ND Stahl","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stahl ND, Clarizio HF (1999) Conduct disorder and comorbidity. Psychol Sch 36(1):41\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/(sici)1520-6807(199901)36:1%3c41:aid-pits5%3e3.0.co;2-9","journal-title":"Psychol Sch"},{"key":"1448_CR63","unstructured":"Statistical Centre of Iran. (2016). Retrieved 9\/2\/2019, from https:\/\/www.amar.org.ir\/english"},{"key":"1448_CR64","unstructured":"Statistical Centre of Iran. (2017). Retrieved 17th Feb, 2018, from http:\/\/www.amar.org.ir\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"1448_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-007-9189-1","volume":"36","author":"A Subbarao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Subbarao A, Rhee SH, Young SE, Ehringer MA, Corley RP, Hewitt JK (2008) Common genetic and environmental influences on major depressive disorder and conduct disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol 36(3):433\u2013444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-007-9189-1","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1448_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.05.007","volume":"50","author":"JL Tackett","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tackett JL, Waldman ID, Van Hulle CA, Lahey BB (2011) Shared genetic influences on negative emotionality and major depression\/conduct disorder comorbidity. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 50(8):818\u2013827. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2011.05.007","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"1448_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1111\/cch.12101","volume":"40","author":"JN Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang JN, Liu L, Wang L (2014) Prevalence and associated factors of emotional and behavioural problems in Chinese school adolescents: a cross-sectional survey. Child Care Health Dev 40(3):319\u2013326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cch.12101","journal-title":"Child Care Health Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1448_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-006-0007-1","volume":"8","author":"EB Weller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Weller EB, Kloos A, Kang J, Weller RA (2006) Depression in children and adolescents: does gender make a difference? Curr Psychiatry Rep 8(2):108\u2013114","journal-title":"Curr Psychiatry Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"1448_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199205000-00024","volume":"31","author":"M Zoccolillo","year":"1992","unstructured":"Zoccolillo M (1992) Co-occurrence of conduct disorder and its adult outcomes with depressive and anxiety disorders: a review. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31(3):547\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-199205000-00024","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-019-01448-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-019-01448-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-019-01448-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,28]],"date-time":"2024-07-28T05:46:20Z","timestamp":1722145580000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00787-019-01448-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"10","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1448"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-019-01448-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 October 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 November 2019","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 December 2019","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"None","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}