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However, it is unknown whether associations with prefrontal activity during affective face processing hold along the CP dimension in a healthy population sample, and how subcortical processing is affected. We measured functional brain responses during negative affective face processing in 1444 healthy adolescents [<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914.39\u00a0years (SD\u2009=\u20090.40), 51.5% female] from the European IMAGEN multicenter study. To determine the effects of CP, we applied a two-step approach: (a) testing matched subgroups of low versus high CP, extending into the clinical range [<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009182 per group, <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200914.44\u00a0years, (SD\u2009=\u20090.41), 47.3% female] using analysis of variance, and (b) considering (non)linear effects along the CP dimension in the full sample and in the high CP group using multiple regression. We observed no significant cortical or subcortical effect of CP group on brain responses to negative facial affect. In the full sample, regression analyses revealed a significant linear increase of left orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) activity with increasing CP up to the clinical range. In the high CP group, a significant inverted u-shaped effect indicated that left OFC responses decreased again in individuals with high CP. Left OFC activity during negative affective processing which is increasing with CP and decreasing in the highest CP range may reflect on the importance of frontal control mechanisms that counteract the consequences of severe CP by facilitating higher social engagement and better evaluation of social content in adolescents.\n<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01770-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,16]],"date-time":"2021-04-16T15:23:54Z","timestamp":1618586634000},"page":"1-10","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Orbitofrontal control of conduct problems? 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Dr. Barker has received honoraria from General Electric Healthcare for teaching on scanner programming courses and acts as a consultant for IXICO. The other authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study protocol was approved by the KCL (King\u2019s College London) College Research Ethics Committee CREC\/06\/07-71 and by local ethics research committees at each site.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Parents and adolescents gave written consent and verbal assent, respectively.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"The submission has been approved by all authors.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}