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In the current study, we investigated the interaction between early parenting and children\u2019s sensitivity on levels of depressive symptomatology in middle childhood, exploring the role of rumination as a possible mediator in a community sample. Participants included 196 USA resident families, from a middle class and mostly European\u2013American background, and their healthy children, followed up from age 3 until 9 and 12\u00a0years. Environmental sensitivity was assessed observationally when children were 3\u00a0years old. Parenting style was based on parent-report at the age of 3\u00a0years. When children were nine, they completed questionnaires on rumination and depressive symptoms (repeated at 12\u00a0years). Analyses were run applying a Bayesian approach. Children\u2019s sensitivity interacted with permissive parenting in predicting rumination at age 9. Rumination, in turn, was associated with depressive symptoms at age 9 and, to a lesser extent, at age 12. No relevant interactions emerged for authoritative and authoritarian parenting. Sensitive children may be at heightened risk for internalizing problems when exposed to a permissive parenting style. Permissive parenting was associated with increased ruminative coping strategies in sensitive children which, in turn, predicted higher levels of depression. Hence, rumination emerged as an important cognitive risk factor for the development of depressive symptoms in sensitive children.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01830-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]],"date-time":"2021-06-25T07:02:37Z","timestamp":1624604557000},"page":"1815-1825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["The role of environmental sensitivity in the development of rumination and depressive symptoms in childhood: a longitudinal study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6029-0121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Lionetti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel N.","family":"Klein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimiliano","family":"Pastore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine N.","family":"Aron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arthur","family":"Aron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Pluess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,25]]},"reference":[{"issue":"7","key":"1830_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867414533834","volume":"48","author":"W Bor","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bor W, Dean AJ, Najman J, Hayatbakhsh R (2014) Are child and adolescent mental health problems increasing in the 21st century? a systematic review. 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Institutional Review Board approval for the current study was obtained from Stony Brook University (study name: Observations of Active and Inactive Children<i>,<\/i> protocol number: 88933\u201335).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Parents and children gave consent to participate.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}