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Negative affectivity, an early-emerging temperamental trait, indicates an increased risk of psychopathology. We investigated if maternal early\/mid-pregnancy 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and neonatal cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations are associated with Negative affectivity in infancy. We studied term-born infants from the vitamin D Intervention in Infants study (VIDI, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009777, follow-up rate 80%, Finland), and the Generation R Study (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20091505, follow-up rate 40%, Netherlands). We measured maternal serum 25(OH)D at 6\u201327\u00a0weeks (VIDI) or 18\u201325\u00a0weeks (Generation R) of pregnancy, and cord blood 25(OH)D at birth (both cohorts). Caregivers rated infant Negative affectivity at 11.7\u00a0months (VIDI) or 6.5\u00a0months (Generation R) using the Revised Infant Behavior Questionnaire. Using linear regression, we tested associations between 25(OH)D and Negative affectivity adjusted for infant age, sex, season of 25(OH)D measurement, maternal age, education, smoking, and body-mass-index. Per 10\u00a0nmol\/l increase in maternal early\/mid-pregnancy 25(OH)D, infant Negative affectivity decreased by 0.02 standard deviations (95% confidence interval [CI] \u2212\u20090.06, \u2212\u20090.004) in VIDI, and 0.03 standard deviations (95% CI \u2212\u20090.03, \u2212\u20090.01) in Generation R. Cord blood 25(OH)D was associated with Negative affectivity in Generation R (\u2212\u20090.03, 95% CI \u2212\u20090.05, \u2212\u20090.01), but not VIDI (0.00, 95% CI \u2212\u20090.02, 0.02). Lower maternal 25(OH)D concentrations were consistently associated with higher infant Negative affectivity, while associations between cord blood 25(OH)D concentrations and Negative affectivity were less clear. Maternal vitamin D status during early- and mid-pregnancy may be linked with early-emerging differences in offspring behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01894-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]],"date-time":"2021-10-18T03:31:38Z","timestamp":1634527898000},"page":"601-609","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Prenatal maternal and cord blood vitamin D concentrations and negative affectivity in infancy"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Sara","family":"Sammallahti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Holmlund-Suila","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Runyu","family":"Zou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saara","family":"Valkama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jenni","family":"Rosendahl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Enlund-Cerullo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helena","family":"Hauta-alus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marius","family":"Lahti-Pulkkinen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hanan","family":"El Marroun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Tiemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Outi","family":"M\u00e4kitie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sture","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katri","family":"R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1262-5599","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kati","family":"Heinonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1894_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12210","volume":"12","author":"R Saraf","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saraf R, Morton SMB, Camargo CA, Grant CC (2016) Global summary of maternal and newborn vitamin D status\u2014a systematic review. 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The VIDI study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the Hospital District of Helsinki and Uusimaa. The Generation R Study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the Erasmus MC in Rotterdam.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Freely given written informed consent was obtained from all participating mothers.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Participants consented to have their data use in scientific research, including the publication of the study results in a way in which individual participants cannot be identified.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}