{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:56:31Z","timestamp":1787748991561,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":78,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1645488000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003246","name":"Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["452-07-004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["452-07-004"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003246","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010665","name":"H2020 Marie Sk\u0142odowska-Curie Actions","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["707404"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["707404"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010665","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Emotion awareness (EA) and regulation (ER) are each known to associate with mental health symptoms, yet there is a paucity of longitudinal studies examining them jointly during adolescence. Furthermore, little is known about these skills and their relations in deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) adolescents, who are at risk for reduced emotion socialization and for more mental health symptoms. This longitudinal study examined the development and unique contributions of EA (emotion differentiation, emotion communication and bodily unawareness) and ER (approach, avoidance and worry\/rumination) to internalizing and externalizing symptoms in adolescents with and without hearing loss. Using self- and parent's reports, we assessed 307 adolescents (age 9\u201315) three times over 18-month period. We found stability over time in development of EA and avoidance ER, increase in approach ER and decrease in worry\/rumination. High levels and increases over time in two aspects of EA, emotion differentiation and communication, and in approach and avoidance ER were related to decreases in depressive symptoms. An increase in approach ER was also related to a decrease in anxiety symptoms. Yet, low levels or decreases in worry\/rumination were related to decreased levels of depressive, anxiety and externalizing symptoms. Hearing loss did not moderate any of the variables or relations tested. Preliminary tests suggested heterogeneity within the DHH group according to educational placement, language abilities and parental education level. Overall, findings pointed at unique contributions of EA and ER to mental health development, suggesting that DHH adolescents, especially in mainstream schools, do not differ from their hearing peers in their emotion awareness and regulation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01900-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]],"date-time":"2022-02-22T11:03:16Z","timestamp":1645527796000},"page":"705-724","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Longitudinal effects of emotion awareness and regulation on mental health symptoms in adolescents with and without hearing loss"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5186-8323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adva","family":"Eichengreen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2864-6447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evelien","family":"Broekhof","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6557-5153","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yung-Ting","family":"Tsou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7584-6698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carolien","family":"Rieffe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1900_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739","volume":"11","author":"G Sheppes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sheppes G, Suri G, Gross JJ (2015) Emotion regulation and psychopathology. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 11:379\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-032814-112739","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"key":"1900_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-012-0267-8","volume":"21","author":"C Rieffe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rieffe C, De Rooij M (2012) The longitudinal relationship between emotion awareness and internalising symptoms during late childhood. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 21:349\u2013356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-012-0267-8","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1900_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2007.00389.x","volume":"16","author":"AS Morris","year":"2007","unstructured":"Morris AS, Silk JS, Steinberg L, Myers SS, Robinson LR (2007) The role of the family context in the development of emotion regulation. Soc Dev 16:361\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2007.00389.x","journal-title":"Soc Dev"},{"key":"1900_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rieffe C, Netten AP, Broekhof E, Veiga G (2015) The Role of the Environment in Children\u2019s Emotion Socialization. Educ Deaf Learn 369\u2013388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780190215194.003.0016","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780190215194.003.0016"},{"key":"1900_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-015-0697-1","volume":"24","author":"J Stevenson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stevenson J, Kreppner J, Pimperton H, Worsfold S, Kennedy C (2015) Emotional and behavioural difficulties in children and adolescents with hearing impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 24:477\u2013496. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-015-0697-1","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1900_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.3974","volume":"168","author":"SCPM Theunissen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Theunissen SCPM, Rieffe C, Netten AP, Briaire JJ, Soede W, Schoones JW, Frijns JHM (2014) Psychopathology and its risk and protective factors in hearing-impaired children and adolescents a systematic review. JAMA Pediatr 168:170\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2013.3974","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"key":"1900_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.109.2.219","volume":"109","author":"JA Lambie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lambie JA, Marcel AJ (2002) Consciousness and the varieties of emotion experience: a theoretical framework. Psychol Rev 109:219\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.109.2.219","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1900_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-017-0629-0","volume":"46","author":"L Sendzik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sendzik L, Sch\u00e4fer J\u00d6, Samson AC, Naumann E, Tuschen-Caffier B (2017) Emotional awareness in depressive and anxiety symptoms in youth: a meta-analytic review. J Youth Adolesc 46:687\u2013700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-017-0629-0","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"1900_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"756","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2008.08.001","volume":"45","author":"C Rieffe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rieffe C, Oosterveld P, Miers AC, Meerum Terwogt M, Ly V (2008) Emotion awareness and internalising symptoms in children and adolescents: the emotion awareness questionnaire revised. Pers Individ Dif 45:756\u2013761. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2008.08.001","journal-title":"Pers Individ Dif"},{"key":"1900_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-016-0204-3","volume":"19","author":"BL Mathews","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mathews BL, Koehn AJ, Abtahi MM, Kerns KA (2016) Emotional competence and anxiety in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analytic review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 19:162\u2013184. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-016-0204-3","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1900_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2513","volume":"9","author":"T Paus","year":"2008","unstructured":"Paus T, Keshavan M, Giedd JN (2008) Why do many psychiatric disorders emerge during adolescence? Nat Rev Neurosci 9:947\u2013957. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2513","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1900_CR12","first-page":"187","volume-title":"Handbook of emotion regulation","author":"M Riediger","year":"2014","unstructured":"Riediger M, Klipker K (2014) Emotion regulation in adolescence. In: Gross JJ (ed) Handbook of emotion regulation, 2nd edn. The Guilford Press, New York, pp 187\u2013202","edition":"2"},{"key":"1900_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1037\/bul0000110","volume":"143","author":"BE Compas","year":"2017","unstructured":"Compas BE, Jaser SS, Bettis AH, Watson KH, Gruhn MA, Dunbar JP, Williams E, Thigpen JC (2017) Coping, emotion regulation, and psychopathology in childhood and adolescence: a meta-analysis and narrative review. Psychol Bull 143:939\u2013991. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/bul0000110","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"1900_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-005-3207-9","volume":"34","author":"P Hampel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hampel P, Petermann F (2005) Age and gender effects on coping in children and adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 34:73\u201383. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-005-3207-9","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"1900_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1348\/026151006X118577","volume":"25","author":"S Mavroveli","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mavroveli S, Petrides KV, Rieffe C, Bakker F (2007) Trait emotional intelligence, psychological well-being and peer-rated social competence in adolescence. Br J Dev Psychol 25:263\u2013275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1348\/026151006X118577","journal-title":"Br J Dev Psychol"},{"key":"1900_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-019-00302-3","volume":"23","author":"AC Nyquist","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nyquist AC, Luebbe AM (2020) An emotion recognition\u2013awareness vulnerability hypothesis for depression in adolescence: a systematic review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 23:27\u201353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-019-00302-3","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"1900_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.09.005","volume":"27","author":"MS O\u2019Toole","year":"2013","unstructured":"O\u2019Toole MS, Hougaard E, Mennin DS (2013) Social anxiety and emotion knowledge: a meta-analysis. J Anxiety Disord 27:98\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.janxdis.2012.09.005","journal-title":"J Anxiety Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3104_12","volume":"31","author":"S Penza-Clyve","year":"2002","unstructured":"Penza-Clyve S, Zeman J (2002) Initial validation of the emotion expression scale for children (EESC). J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 31:540\u2013547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3104_12","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"1900_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2018.1492414","volume":"101","author":"JE Rueth","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rueth JE, Lohaus A, Vierhaus M (2019) The German version of the emotion awareness questionnaire for children and adolescents: associations with emotion regulation and psychosocial adjustment. J Pers Assess 101:434\u2013445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/00223891.2018.1492414","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"1900_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1177\/0272431613513959","volume":"34","author":"M Flynn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Flynn M, Rudolph KD (2014) A prospective examination of emotional clarity, stress responses, and depressive symptoms during early adolescence. J Early Adolesc 34:923\u2013939. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272431613513959","journal-title":"J Early Adolesc"},{"key":"1900_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1177\/1087054713494005","volume":"20","author":"PI Factor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Factor PI, Rosen PJ, Reyes RA (2016) The relation of poor emotional awareness and externalizing behavior among children with ADHD. J Atten Disord 20:168\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1087054713494005","journal-title":"J Atten Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-016-0585-0","volume":"46","author":"J\u00d6 Sch\u00e4fer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Sch\u00e4fer J\u00d6, Naumann E, Holmes EA, Tuschen-Caffier B, Samson AC (2017) Emotion regulation strategies in depressive and anxiety symptoms in youth: a meta-analytic review. J Youth Adolesc 46:261\u2013276. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-016-0585-0","journal-title":"J Youth Adolesc"},{"key":"1900_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-009-9375-4","volume":"38","author":"M Wright","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wright M, Banerjee R, Hoek W, Rieffe C, Novin S (2010) Depression and social anxiety in children: differential links with coping strategies. J Abnorm Child Psychol 38:405\u2013419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-009-9375-4","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1900_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1027\/1015-5759.23.3.141","volume":"23","author":"N Garnefski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Garnefski N, Kraaij V (2007) The cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire: Psychometric features and prospective relationships with depression and anxiety in adults. Eur J Psychol Assess 23:141\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1027\/1015-5759.23.3.141","journal-title":"Eur J Psychol Assess"},{"key":"1900_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.5330\/psc.n.2011-15.55","volume":"15","author":"E Vera","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vera E, Vacek K, Coyle L, Stinson J, Mull M, Doud K, Buchheit C, Gorman C, Hewitt A, Keene C, Blackmon S, Langrehr K (2011) An examination of culturally relevant stressors, coping, ethnic Identity, and subjective well-being in urban, ethnic minority adolescents. Prof Sch Couns 15:55\u201366. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5330\/psc.n.2011-15.55","journal-title":"Prof Sch Couns"},{"key":"1900_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rasd.2013.01.002","volume":"7","author":"LBC Pouw","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pouw LBC, Rieffe C, Stockmann L, Gadow KD (2013) The link between emotion regulation, social functioning, and depression in boys with ASD. Res Autism Spectr Disord 7:549\u2013556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.rasd.2013.01.002","journal-title":"Res Autism Spectr Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416000638","volume":"28","author":"A Aldao","year":"2016","unstructured":"Aldao A, Gee DG, De Los RA, Seager I (2016) Emotion regulation as a transdiagnostic factor in the development of internalizing and externalizing psychopathology: current and future directions. Dev Psychopathol 28:927\u2013946. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579416000638","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"1900_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035358","volume":"123","author":"KA McLaughlin","year":"2014","unstructured":"McLaughlin KA, Aldao A, Wisco BE, Hilt LM (2014) Rumination as a transdiagnostic factor underlying transitions between internalizing symptoms and aggressive behavior in early adolescents. J Abnorm Psychol 123:13\u201323. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0035358","journal-title":"J Abnorm Psychol"},{"key":"1900_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2727","DOI":"10.1007\/s10803-018-3519-8","volume":"48","author":"MGN Bos","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bos MGN, Diamantopoulou S, Stockmann L, Begeer S, Rieffe C (2018) Emotion control predicts internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in boys with and without an autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 48:2727\u20132739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10803-018-3519-8","journal-title":"J Autism Dev Disord"},{"key":"1900_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930143000239","volume":"15","author":"LF Barrett","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barrett LF, Gross J, Christensen TC, Benvenuto M (2001) Knowing what you\u2019re feeling and knowing what to do about it: mapping the relation between emotion differentiation and emotion regulation. Cogn Emot 15:713\u2013724. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699930143000239","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"key":"1900_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01924.x","volume":"49","author":"ML Hatzenbuehler","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hatzenbuehler ML, McLaughlin KA, Nolen-Hoeksema S (2008) Emotion regulation and internalizing symptoms in a longitudinal study of sexual minority and heterosexual adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 49:1270\u20131278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.01924.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1900_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2011.06.003","volume":"49","author":"KA McLaughlin","year":"2011","unstructured":"McLaughlin KA, Hatzenbuehler ML, Mennin DS, Nolen-Hoeksema S (2011) Emotion dysregulation and adolescent psychopathology: a prospective study. Behav Res Ther 49:544\u2013554. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brat.2011.06.003","journal-title":"Behav Res Ther"},{"key":"1900_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.2075","volume":"27","author":"A Mazzone","year":"2018","unstructured":"Mazzone A, Camodeca M (2018) Emotion awareness and somatic complaints in preadolescence: the mediating role of coping strategies. Infant Child Dev 27:1\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/icd.2075","journal-title":"Infant Child Dev"},{"key":"1900_CR34","volume-title":"Deaf and hearing siblings in conversations","author":"MC Berkowitz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Berkowitz MC, Jonas JA (2014) Deaf and hearing siblings in conversations. McFarland & Company Inc, Jefferson, North Carolina"},{"key":"1900_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Calderon R, Greenberg MT (2012) Social and emotional development of deaf children: Family, school, and program effects. In: Marschark M, Spencer PE (eds) Oxford Handbook of deaf studies, language and education, 2nd edn (vol 1). Oxford University Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199750986.013.0014.","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordhb\/9780199750986.013.0014"},{"key":"1900_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enu031","volume":"20","author":"PM Brown","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brown PM, Cornes A (2015) Mental health of deaf and hard-of-hearing adolescents: What the students say. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 20:75\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/deafed\/enu031","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"},{"key":"1900_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-008-0683-y","volume":"17","author":"J Fellinger","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fellinger J, Holzinger D, Sattel H, Laucht M (2008) Mental health and quality of life in deaf pupils. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 17:414\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-008-0683-y","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1900_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.10.008","volume":"79","author":"AP Netten","year":"2015","unstructured":"Netten AP, Rieffe C, Theunissen SCPM, Soede W, Dirks E, Korver AMH, Konings S, Oudesluys-Murphy AM, Dekker FW, Frijns JHM (2015) Early identification: Language skills and social functioning in deaf and hard of hearing preschool children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 79:2221\u20132226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2015.10.008","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1900_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.07.031","volume":"101","author":"J Stevenson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Stevenson J, Pimperton H, Kreppner J, Worsfold S, Terlektsi E, Kennedy C (2017) Emotional and behaviour difficulties in teenagers with permanent childhood hearing loss. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 101:186\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2017.07.031","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1900_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S81","DOI":"10.1080\/14992027.2016.1211764","volume":"57","author":"CL Wong","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wong CL, Ching TY, Leigh G, Cupples L, Button L, Marnane V, Whitfield J, Gunnourie M, Martin L (2018) Psychosocial development of 5-year-old children with hearing loss: Risks and protective factors. Int J Audiol 57:S81\u2013S92. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14992027.2016.1211764","journal-title":"Int J Audiol"},{"key":"1900_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enx001","volume":"22","author":"V Freeman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Freeman V, Pisoni DB, Kronenberger WG, Castellanos I (2017) Speech intelligibility and psychosocial functioning in deaf children and teens with cochlear implants. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 22:278\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/deafed\/enx001","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"},{"key":"1900_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-835X.2011.02057.x","volume":"30","author":"C Rieffe","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rieffe C (2012) Awareness and regulation of emotions in deaf children. Br J Dev Psychol 30:477\u2013492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.2044-835X.2011.02057.x","journal-title":"Br J Dev Psychol"},{"key":"1900_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1080\/01443410303229","volume":"23","author":"C Rieffe","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rieffe C, Terwogt MM, Smit C (2003) Deaf children on the causes of emotions. Educ Psychol 23:159\u2013168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01443410303229","journal-title":"Educ Psychol"},{"key":"1900_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.02.065","volume":"76","author":"CH Wiefferink","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wiefferink CH, Rieffe C, Ketelaar L, Frijns JHM (2012) Predicting social functioning in children with a cochlear implant and in normal-hearing children: the role of emotion regulation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 76:883\u2013889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijporl.2012.02.065","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1900_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/ens042","volume":"18","author":"CH Wiefferink","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wiefferink CH, Rieffe C, Ketelaar L, De Raeve L, Frijns JHM (2013) Emotion understanding in deaf children with a cochlear implant. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 18:175\u2013186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/deafed\/ens042","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"},{"key":"1900_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enw053","volume":"22","author":"H Eschenbeck","year":"2017","unstructured":"Eschenbeck H, Gill\u00e9 V, Heim-Dreger U, Schock A, Schott A (2017) Daily stress, hearing-specific stress and coping: self-reports from deaf or hard of hearing children and children with auditory processing disorder. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 22:49\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/deafed\/enw053","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"},{"key":"1900_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1080\/02699930500513502","volume":"20","author":"C Rieffe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rieffe C, Terwogt MM (2006) Anger communication in deaf children. Cogn Emot 20:1261\u20131273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02699930500513502","journal-title":"Cogn Emot"},{"key":"1900_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1177\/0165025410384923","volume":"35","author":"MJ Zimmer-Gembeck","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zimmer-Gembeck MJ, Skinner EA (2011) The development of coping across childhood and adolescence: an integrative review and critique of research. Int J Behav Dev 35:1\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0165025410384923","journal-title":"Int J Behav Dev"},{"key":"1900_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1353\/aad.0.0069","volume":"153","author":"L Mejstad","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mejstad L, Heiling K, Svedin CG (2008) Mental health and self-image among deaf and hard of hearing children. Am Ann Deaf 153:504\u2013515. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/aad.0.0069","journal-title":"Am Ann Deaf"},{"key":"1900_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Eichengreen A, Broekhof E, G\u00fcro\u011flu B, Rieffe C (2020) Fairness decisions in children and early adolescents with and without hearing loss. Soc Dev 29: 888\u2013902. https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full\/https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/sode.12423","DOI":"10.1111\/sode.12423"},{"key":"1900_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enx036","volume":"23","author":"E Broekhof","year":"2018","unstructured":"Broekhof E, Bos MGN, Camodeca M, Rieffe C (2018) Longitudinal associations between bullying and emotions in deaf and hard of hearing adolescents. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 23:17\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/deafed\/enx036","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"},{"key":"1900_CR52","first-page":"46","volume":"1","author":"M Kouwenberg","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kouwenberg M, Rieffe C, Theunissen SC (2011) Intrapersonal and interpersonal factors related to self reported symptoms of depression in DHH youth. Int J Mental Health Deaf 1:46\u201357","journal-title":"Int J Mental Health Deaf"},{"key":"1900_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijporl.2011.07.023","volume":"75","author":"SC Theunissen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Theunissen SC, Rieffe C, Kouwenberg M, Soede W, Briaire JJ, Frijns JHM (2011) Depression in hearing-impaired children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 75:1313\u20131317","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol"},{"key":"1900_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Rieffe C, Broekhof E, Eichengreen A, Kouwenberg M, Veiga G, da Silva BM, van der Laan A, Frijns JHM (2018) Friendship and emotion control in pre-adolescents with or without hearing loss.\u00a0J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ\u00a023:209\u2013218.\u200f https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/deafed\/eny012","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/eny012"},{"key":"1900_CR55","unstructured":"Kort DW, Compaan EL, Bleichrodt N, Resing WCM, Schittekatte M, Bosmans M, ... Verhaeghe P (2002) WISC-II NL handleiding.\u00a0Dutch Manual). NIP: Amsterdam.\u200f"},{"key":"1900_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/springerreference_184296","author":"D Wechsler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wechsler D (2012) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for. Children. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springerreference_184296","journal-title":"Children"},{"key":"1900_CR57","volume-title":"CELF-4-NL: clinical evaluation of language fundamentals","author":"W Kort","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kort W, Schittekatte M, Compaan E (2008) CELF-4-NL: clinical evaluation of language fundamentals. Amsterdam Pearson Assess. Inf, Amsterdam"},{"key":"1900_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.003","volume":"39","author":"C Rieffe","year":"2014","unstructured":"Rieffe C, De Bruine M, De Rooij M, Stockmann L (2014) Approach and avoidant emotion regulation prevent depressive symptoms in children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. Int J Dev Neurosci 39:37\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijdevneu.2014.06.003","journal-title":"Int J Dev Neurosci"},{"key":"1900_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1007\/bf03060964","volume":"26","author":"FC Jellesma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jellesma FC, Meerum Terwogt M, Reijntjes AH, Rieffe CJ, Stegge H (2005) De vragenlijst Non-Productieve Denkprocessen voor Kinderen (npdk). Kind En Adolescent 26:171\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/bf03060964","journal-title":"Kind En Adolescent"},{"key":"1900_CR60","volume-title":"The children's depression inventory (CDI)","author":"M Kovacs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kovacs M (2003) The children\u2019s depression inventory (CDI). Multi-Health System, Toronto"},{"key":"1900_CR61","volume-title":"Children's depression inventory: Nederlandstalige versie","author":"B Timbremont","year":"2002","unstructured":"Timbremont B, Braet C, Roelofs J (2002) Children\u2019s depression inventory: Nederlandstalige versie. Swets & Zeitlinger, Lisse"},{"key":"1900_CR62","unstructured":"Gadow KD, Sprafkin J (1994) Child Symptom Inventories manual. Stony Brook: Checkmate Plus."},{"key":"1900_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.22502","volume":"122","author":"SCPM Theunissen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Theunissen SCPM, Rieffe C, Kouwenberg M, De Raeve L, Soede W, Briaire JJ, Frijns JHM (2012) Anxiety in children with hearing aids or cochlear implants compared to normally hearing controls. Laryngoscope 122:654\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/lary.22502","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"1900_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer JD, Willett JB (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: Modeling change and event occurrence. Oxford University Press, New York","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195152968.001.0001"},{"key":"1900_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","volume":"19","author":"H Akaike","year":"1974","unstructured":"Akaike H (1974) A new look at statistical-model identification. IEEE Trans Automat Contr 19:716\u2013723","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Automat Contr"},{"key":"1900_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136","volume":"6","author":"G Schwarz","year":"1978","unstructured":"Schwarz G (1978) Estimating the dimension of a model. Ann Stat 6:461\u2013464. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1214\/aos\/1176344136","journal-title":"Ann Stat"},{"key":"1900_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.03.017","volume":"66","author":"J Twisk","year":"2013","unstructured":"Twisk J, De Boer M, De Vente W, Heymans M (2013) Multiple imputation of missing values was not necessary before performing a longitudinal mixed-model analysis. J Clin Epidemiol 66:1022\u20131028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2013.03.017","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"1900_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000346","volume":"38","author":"AP Netten","year":"2017","unstructured":"Netten AP, Dekker FW, Rieffe C, Soede W, Briaire JJ, Frijns JHM (2017) Missing data in the field of Otorhinolaryngology and head and neck surgery: Need for improvement. Ear Hear 38:1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AUD.0000000000000346","journal-title":"Ear Hear"},{"key":"1900_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1201\/b11826","volume-title":"Flexible imputation of missing data","author":"S Van Buuren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Van Buuren S (2012) Flexible imputation of missing data. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL"},{"key":"1900_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.7.2.147","volume":"7","author":"JL Schafer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schafer JL, Graham JW (2002) Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychol Methods 7:147\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/1082-989X.7.2.147","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"1900_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.b2393","volume":"339","author":"JAC Sterne","year":"2009","unstructured":"Sterne JAC, White IR, Carlin JB, Spratt M, Royston P, Kenward MG, Wood AM, Carpenter JR (2009) Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: Potential and pitfalls. BMJ 339:157\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.b2393","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"1900_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van gent T., Goedhart AW, Knoors HET, Westenberg PM, Treffers PDA (2012) Self-concept and ego development in deaf adolescents: A comparative study. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 17:333\u2013351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/deafed\/ens002","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/ens002"},{"key":"1900_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.07.003","volume":"32","author":"N Wolters","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wolters N, Knoors HET, Cillessen AHN, Verhoeven L (2011) Predicting acceptance and popularity in early adolescence as a function of hearing status, gender, and educational setting. Res Dev Disabil 32:2553\u20132565. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2011.07.003","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"1900_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1093\/bjsw\/bcw109","volume":"47","author":"M Ungar","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ungar M (2017) Which counts more: differential impact of the environment or differential susceptibility of the individual? Br J Soc Work 47:1279\u20131289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjsw\/bcw109","journal-title":"Br J Soc Work"},{"key":"1900_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van der Straaten TF, Briaire JJ, Dirks E, Soede W, Rieffe C, Frijns JH (2021) The school career of children with hearing loss in different primary educational settings\u2014A large longitudinal nationwide study.\u00a0J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 1-12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/deafed\/enab008","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enab008"},{"key":"1900_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/ent052","volume":"19","author":"G Batten","year":"2014","unstructured":"Batten G, Oakes PM, Alexander T (2014) Factors associated with social interactions between deaf children and their hearing peers: a systematic literature review. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 19:285\u2013302. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/deafed\/ent052","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"},{"key":"1900_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enu017","volume":"19","author":"YH Xie","year":"2014","unstructured":"Xie YH, Potm\u011b\u0161il M, Peters B (2014) Children who are deaf or hard of hearing in inclusive educational settings: A literature review on interactions with peers. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 19:423\u2013437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/deafed\/enu017","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"},{"key":"1900_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1093\/deafed\/enw103","volume":"22","author":"A Zaidman-Zait","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zaidman-Zait A, Dotan A (2017) Everyday stressors in deaf and hard of hearing adolescents: the role of coping and pragmatics. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ 22:257\u2013268. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/deafed\/enw103","journal-title":"J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ"}],"container-title":["European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-021-01900-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-021-01900-9\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-021-01900-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,19]],"date-time":"2023-04-19T05:13:34Z","timestamp":1681881214000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00787-021-01900-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"references-count":78,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1900"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-021-01900-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 February 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}},{"value":"Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of Leiden University. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}