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We tested whether, in children with ADHD, (1) polygenic liability for sleep phenotypes is over- or under-transmitted from parents, (2) this liability is linked to comorbid sleep disturbances, and (3) ADHD genetic risk is associated with comorbid sleep disturbances. We derived polygenic scores (PGS) for insomnia, chronotype, sleep duration, and ADHD, in 758 children (5\u201318\u00a0years old) diagnosed with ADHD and their parents. We conducted polygenic transmission disequilibrium tests for each sleep PGS in complete parent\u2013offspring ADHD trios (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009328) and an independent replication sample of ADHD trios (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009844). Next, we tested whether insomnia, sleep duration, and ADHD PGS were associated with co-occurring sleep phenotypes (hypersomnia, insomnia, restless sleep, poor sleep quality, and nightmares) in children with ADHD. Children\u2019s insomnia and chronotype PGS did not differ from mid-parent average PGS but long sleep duration PGS were significantly over-transmitted to children with ADHD. This was supported by a combined analysis using the replication sample. Insomnia, sleep duration, and ADHD PGS were not associated with comorbid sleep disturbances. There is weak evidence that children with ADHD over-inherit polygenic liability for longer sleep duration and do not differentially inherit polygenic liability for insomnia or chronotype. There was insufficient evidence that childhood sleep disturbances were driven by polygenic liability for ADHD or sleep traits, suggesting that sleep disturbances in ADHD may be aetiologically different to general population sleep phenotypes and do not index greater ADHD genetic risk burden.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-021-01931-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]],"date-time":"2022-01-07T05:02:43Z","timestamp":1641531763000},"page":"1253-1261","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Sleep disturbances in ADHD: investigating the contribution of polygenic liability for ADHD and sleep-related phenotypes"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"given":"Katie J. 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Sleep 44(1):zsaa142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/sleep\/zsaa142","journal-title":"Sleep"}],"container-title":["European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-021-01931-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-021-01931-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-021-01931-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,16]],"date-time":"2023-06-16T15:05:17Z","timestamp":1686927917000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00787-021-01931-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,7]]}},"alternative-id":["1931"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-021-01931-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"1 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 December 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"RA declares no competing interests. AMG is an advisor for a project initially sponsored by Johnson\u2019s Baby and is a consultant for Perrigo. AMG receives royalties for two books: Nodding Off (Bloomsbury Sigma 2018) and The Sleepy Pebble (Flying Eye, 2019), and has another contract with Lawrence King Publishers. AMG is a regular contributor to BBC Focus magazine and has contributed to other outlets (such as The Conversation, The Guardian and Balance Magazine). AMG occasionally receives sample products related to sleep (e.g. blue light blocking glasses) and has given a paid talk to a business. AMG has provided expertise on sleep to the Department for Education and Public Health England. KJSL reports honoraria for talks on sleep to Public Health Wales and the National Health Service Wales. AMG is a specialist subject editor at the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry (sleep), and is on the advisory editorial board for Journal of Sleep Research, and is a member of the Sleep, Circadian Rhythms And Mental Health in Schools (SCRAMS) team. AT is a member of Welsh Health Collaborative\u2019s Together for Children and Young People T4CYP (2) Neurodevelopmental Steering Group; Neurodiversity advisory panel; Early Help and Enhanced Support Work Stream. AT is also a Board member for UK Patient Charity: ADHD Foundation and a Member of European ADHD Guidelines Group (EAGG). AT was a member of the consultation panel for the National Institute for Health\u2019s Research Development of a Ten-Year Strategy for Mental Health\u2014Children and Young People and a member Together for Children and Young People Expert Reference Group\u2014A Welsh Assembly Government and CAMHS multi-agency Programme Board to drive forward the development and implementation of child and adolescent mental health service improvement plans in Wales. AT is a panel member of the Ruane Prize Committee (Brain and Behavior Research Foundation USA), is on the Journal Advisory Board for The Lancet Psychiatry and is an Associate Editor for the American Journal of Psychiatry. AT is a member of the American Psychiatric Association Review Committee on Neurodevelopmental Disorders. KL\u00a0is a member of Welsh Health Collaborative\u2019s Together for Children and Young People T4CYP (2) Neurodevelopmental Steering Group. KL is Assistant Editor for BMC Psychiatry.\u00a0JM is an Associate Editor for JCPP Advances.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interests"}}]}}