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Method is a national Norwegian cohort of 11\u00a0year old EP children, excluding those with intellectual disabilities, non-ambulatory cerebral palsy, blindness, and\/or deafness. Parents and teachers reported ASD symptoms using The Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ). Social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, communicational problems, and a total ASSQ score were presented. Combined ratings on the ASSQ was defined as parent and\/or teacher scoring the child\u2009\u2265\u200998th percentile of the reference group, which was the population-based Bergen Child Study. Of eligible children, 216 (64%) EP and 1882 (61%) reference children participated. EP children had significantly higher mean scores and combined ratings on social difficulties (14.5% vs. 4.1%, OR: 3.2), repetitive behaviors (23.7% vs. 4.0%, OR: 6.4), communicational problems (23.1% vs. 4.8%, OR: 5.4), and the total ASSQ score (18.3% vs. 3.4%, OR: 5.7) compared to reference children. Only no prenatal steroids, IQ 70\u201384, and mental health problems at 5\u00a0years of age were significantly associated with ASD symptoms at 11\u00a0years of age. EP children were at increased risk of social difficulties, repetitive behaviors, and communicational problems, and approximately one out of five were reported as high scorers of ASD symptoms. No prenatal steroids use, IQ in the lower range, and mental health problems at 5\u00a0years of age were associated with ASD symptoms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-01953-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]],"date-time":"2022-03-10T05:02:25Z","timestamp":1646888545000},"page":"1579-1588","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Symptoms and antecedents of autism in children born extremely premature: a national population-based study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9298-0752","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silje Katrine Fevang","family":"Elgen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Madland Ada","family":"R\u00f8iseland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elgen Irene","family":"Bircow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Volls\u00e6ter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mari","family":"Hysing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1953_CR1","unstructured":"ICD-10. 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The Regional Committee on Medical Research Ethics and The Norwegian Data Inspectorate approved the study.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Parents gave written informed consent. I confirm that all authors have approved this manuscript for submission, and that all participants have given consent for publication.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}}]}}