{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T16:31:43Z","timestamp":1791822703640,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648512000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011102","name":"Seventh Framework Programme","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["602407"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["602407"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011102","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Universit\u00e4tsklinikum RWTH Aachen"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Due to modern technological innovations, aggressive behaviors have expanded into the cyberspace, creating a new matter of public concern: cyberbullying. Antisocial and aggressive behaviors, including bullying are characteristic for children and adolescents diagnosed with conduct disorder (CD), raising the question whether these youths are highly involved in cyberbullying experiences, too. 206 participants with CD versus typically developing controls (TDCs) aged 9\u201319\u00a0years (57% girls) were included in the study. Individuals completed several self-report measures investigating cyber- and traditional bullying experiences, and hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to explain the relationship between cyberbullying victimization and perpetration with demographic and clinical variables. Experiences of cyberbullying victimization and perpetration were significantly higher among youth with CD compared to TDCs, and this was accompanied by significantly higher scores on a measure of traditional bullying in CD versus TDCs. CD diagnosis, female sex and higher levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits were each uniquely associated with increased experiences of cyberbullying victimization, whereas CD diagnosis, higher levels of CU traits and older age were each uniquely associated with increased experiences of cyberbullying perpetration. Individuals with CD, compared to TDCs are at higher risk of becoming cyberbully victims and perpetrators, hence representing an important novel aspect in the assessment and treatment of these youths.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-01973-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]],"date-time":"2022-03-29T06:14:26Z","timestamp":1648534466000},"page":"1643-1653","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Perpetrators and victims of cyberbullying among youth with conduct disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"32","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1854-0032","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Baumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anka","family":"Bernhard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7158-9778","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne","family":"Martinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katharina","family":"Ackermann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8450-3323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beate","family":"Herpertz-Dahlmann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9676-4782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christine","family":"Freitag","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9039-2615","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kerstin","family":"Konrad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2408-2939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gregor","family":"Kohls","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"1973_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12850","volume":"59","author":"JG Rivenbark","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rivenbark JG, Odgers CL, Caspi A et al (2018) The high societal costs of childhood conduct problems: evidence from administrative records up to age 38 in a longitudinal birth cohort. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 59:703\u2013710. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12850","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1973_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-V","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2013) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders: DSM-V, 5th edn. Author, Washington, DC","edition":"5"},{"key":"1973_CR3","volume-title":"Bullying: Mobbing bei Kindern und Jugendlichen","author":"P Teuschel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Teuschel P, Heuschen KW (2013) Bullying: Mobbing bei Kindern und Jugendlichen. Schattauer Verlag, Stuttgart"},{"key":"1973_CR4","unstructured":"Berkowitz L (1993) Aggression: its causes, consequences, and control. Temple University"},{"key":"1973_CR5","volume-title":"Bullying in school, Aggressive Behavior","author":"D Olweus","year":"1994","unstructured":"Olweus D (1994) Bullying in school, Aggressive Behavior. Springer, Boston"},{"key":"1973_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1037\/a0035618","volume":"140","author":"RM Kowalski","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kowalski RM, Giumetti GW, Schroeder AN, Lattanner MR (2014) Bullying in the digital age: a critical review and meta-analysis of cyberbullying research among youth. Psychol Bull 140:1073\u20131137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0035618","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"1973_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018","volume":"53","author":"RM Kowalski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kowalski RM, Limber SP (2013) Psychological, physical, and academic correlates of cyberbullying and traditional bullying. J Adolesc Health 53:13\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.09.018","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"1973_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1080\/13811118.2010.494133","volume":"14","author":"S Hinduja","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hinduja S, Patchin JW (2010) Bullying, cyberbullying, and suicide. Arch Suicide Res 14:206\u2013221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13811118.2010.494133","journal-title":"Arch Suicide Res"},{"key":"1973_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12197","volume":"55","author":"S Livingstone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Livingstone S, Smith PK (2014) Annual research review: harms experienced by child users of online and mobile technologies: the nature, prevalence and management of sexual and aggressive risks in the digital age. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 55:635\u2013654","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1973_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-017-0954-6","volume":"26","author":"D Wolke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wolke D, Lee K, Guy A (2017) Cyberbullying: a storm in a teacup? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 26:899\u2013908. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-017-0954-6","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1973_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2010.79","volume":"67","author":"A Sourander","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sourander A, Brunstein Klomek A, Ikonen M et al (2010) Psychosocial risk factors associated with cyberbullying among adolescents a population-based study. Arch Gen Psychiatry 67:720\u2013728","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"1973_CR12","unstructured":"Sitzer P, Martha J, Kocik C, M\u00fcller KN (2012) Ergebnisbericht der Online-Studie Cyberbullying bei Sch\u00fclerinnen und Sch\u00fclern"},{"key":"1973_CR13","volume-title":"Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying","author":"S Hinduja","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hinduja S, Patchin JW (2014) Bullying beyond the schoolyard: Preventing and responding to cyberbullying. Corwin Press, Thousand Oaks"},{"key":"1973_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1746-1561.2010.00548.x","volume":"80","author":"JW Patchin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Patchin JW, Hinduja S (2010) Cyberbullying and self-esteem*. J Sch Health 80:614\u2013621","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"key":"1973_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.2147\/ahmt.s36456","volume":"5","author":"C Nixon","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nixon C (2014) Current perspectives: the impact of cyberbullying on adolescent health. Adolesc Health Med Ther 5:143\u2013148. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/ahmt.s36456","journal-title":"Adolesc Health Med Ther"},{"key":"1973_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.12738\/estp.2019.2.005","volume":"19","author":"A Sorrentino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sorrentino A, Baldry AC, Farrington DP, Blaya C (2019) Epidemiology of cyberbullying across europe: differences between countries and genders. Educ Sci 19:74\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12738\/estp.2019.2.005","journal-title":"Educ Sci"},{"key":"1973_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.3844\/jssp.2010.510.514","volume":"6","author":"PA Snell","year":"2010","unstructured":"Snell PA, Englander E (2010) Cyberbullying victimization and behaviors among girls: applying research findings in the field. J Soc Sci 6:510\u2013514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3844\/jssp.2010.510.514","journal-title":"J Soc Sci"},{"key":"1973_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6872","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph1813687219","volume":"18","author":"T-L Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu T-L, Hsiao RC, Chou W-J, Yen C-F (2021) Perpetration of and victimization in cyberbullying and traditional bullying in adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: roles of impulsivity, frustration intolerance, and hostility. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:6872. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph1813687219","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"1973_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2003.06.005","volume":"36","author":"FL Coolidge","year":"2004","unstructured":"Coolidge FL, DenBoer JW, Segal DL (2004) Personality and neuropsychological correlates of bullying behavior. Pers Individ Differ 36:1559\u20131569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.paid.2003.06.005","journal-title":"Pers Individ Differ"},{"key":"1973_CR20","volume-title":"Neurodynamics of personality","author":"J Grigsby","year":"2000","unstructured":"Grigsby J, Stevens D (2000) Neurodynamics of personality. Guilford, New York"},{"key":"1973_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2016.1196178","volume":"13","author":"T Malti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Malti T, Noam GG (2016) Social-emotional development: from theory to practice. Eur J Dev Psychol 13:652\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17405629.2016.1196178","journal-title":"Eur J Dev Psychol"},{"key":"1973_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsp.2020.08.002","volume":"82","author":"C Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang C, Chan MK, Ma TL (2020) School-wide social emotional learning (SEL) and bullying victimization: moderating role of school climate in elementary, middle, and high schools. J Sch Psychol 82:49\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsp.2020.08.002","journal-title":"J Sch Psychol"},{"key":"1973_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.2196\/17900","volume":"9","author":"J Agley","year":"2021","unstructured":"Agley J, Jayawardene W, Jun M et al (2021) Effects of the act out! Social issue theater program on social-emotional competence and bullying in youth and adolescents: protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. JMIR Res Protoc 9:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/17900","journal-title":"JMIR Res Protoc"},{"key":"1973_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.04.003","volume":"59","author":"G Kohls","year":"2020","unstructured":"Kohls G, Baumann S, Gundlach M et al (2020) Investigating sex differences in emotion recognition, learning, and regulation among youths with conduct disorder. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 59:263\u2013273. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2019.04.003","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1973_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2011.643169","volume":"9","author":"KA Fanti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fanti KA, Demetriou AG, Hawa VV (2012) A longitudinal study of cyberbullying: examining risk and protective factors. Eur J Dev Psychol 9:168\u2013181. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17405629.2011.643169","journal-title":"Eur J Dev Psychol"},{"key":"1973_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2012.00809.x","volume":"22","author":"KA Fanti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fanti KA, Kimonis ER (2012) Bullying and victimization: the role of conduct problems and psychopathic traits. J Res Adolesc 22:617\u2013631. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1532-7795.2012.00809.x","journal-title":"J Res Adolesc"},{"key":"1973_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.02012.x","volume":"50","author":"E Viding","year":"2009","unstructured":"Viding E, Simmonds E, Petrides KV, Frederickson N (2009) The contribution of callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems to bullying in early adolescence. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 50:471\u2013481. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2008.02012.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1973_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-018-1172-6","volume":"27","author":"CM Freitag","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freitag CM, Konrad K, Stadler C et al (2018) Conduct disorder in adolescent females: current state of research and study design of the FemNAT-CD consortium. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 27:1077\u20131093","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1973_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13428","author":"K Konrad","year":"2021","unstructured":"Konrad K, Kohls G, Baumann S et al (2021) Sex differences in psychiatric comorbidity and clinical presentation in youths with conduct disorder. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13428","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1973_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-019-00541-6","volume":"47","author":"K Ackermann","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ackermann K, Kirchner M, Bernhard A et al (2019) Relational aggression in adolescents with conduct disorder: sex differences and behavioral correlates. J Abnorm Child Psychol 47:1625\u20131637. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-019-00541-6","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"1973_CR31","volume-title":"Diagnostisches und statistisches manual psychischer st\u00f6rungen - textrevision","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2000) Diagnostisches und statistisches manual psychischer st\u00f6rungen - textrevision. Hogrefe Verlag, G\u00f6ttingen"},{"key":"1973_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021","volume":"36","author":"J Kaufman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kaufman J, Birmaher B, Brent D et al (1997) Schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia for school-age children-present and lifetime version (K-SADS-PL): initial reliability and validity data. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:980\u2013988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00021","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1973_CR33","volume-title":"Wechsler intelligence scale for children","author":"D Wechsler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wechsler D (2011) Wechsler intelligence scale for children, 4th edn. Pearson, San Antonio","edition":"4"},{"key":"1973_CR34","volume-title":"Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale","author":"D Wechsler","year":"2012","unstructured":"Wechsler D (2012) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, 4th edn. Pearson, San Antonio","edition":"4"},{"key":"1973_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"337","DOI":"10.1177\/0734282912467756","volume":"31","author":"AW McCrimmon","year":"2013","unstructured":"McCrimmon AW, Smith AD (2013) Review of the Wechsler abbreviated scale of intelligence, second edition (WASI-II). J Psychoeduc Assess 31:337\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0734282912467756","journal-title":"J Psychoeduc Assess"},{"key":"1973_CR36","volume-title":"Social and health assessment (SAHA) psychometric development summary","author":"V Ruchkin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ruchkin V, Schwab-Stone M, Vermeiren R (2004) Social and health assessment (SAHA) psychometric development summary. Yale University, New Haven"},{"key":"1973_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Frick PJ (2004) The inventory of callous-unemotional traits. Unpublished rating scale: University of New Orleans","DOI":"10.1037\/t62639-000"},{"key":"1973_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191106287354","volume":"13","author":"CA Essau","year":"2006","unstructured":"Essau CA, Sasagawa S, Frick PJ (2006) Callous-unemotional traits in a community sample of adolescents. Assessment 13:454\u2013469. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1073191106287354","journal-title":"Assessment"},{"key":"1973_CR39","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. NJ Lawrance Eribaum Association, Hillsdale","edition":"2"},{"key":"1973_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.08.003","volume":"32","author":"AA Marsh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marsh AA, Blair RJR (2008) Deficits in facial affect recognition among antisocial populations: a meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 32:454\u2013465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2007.08.003","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1973_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijlp.2008.04.002","volume":"31","author":"ER Kimonis","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kimonis ER, Frick PJ, Skeem JL et al (2008) Assessing callous-unemotional traits in adolescent offenders: validation of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits. Int J Law Psychiatry 31:241\u2013252. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijlp.2008.04.002","journal-title":"Int J Law Psychiatry"},{"key":"1973_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1823","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.20975","volume":"31","author":"K Rubia","year":"2010","unstructured":"Rubia K, Halari R, Cubillo A et al (2010) Disorder-specific inferior prefrontal hypofunction in boys with pure attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder compared to boys with pure conduct disorder during cognitive flexibility. Hum Brain Mapp 31:1823\u20131833. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.20975","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"1973_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chc.2005.11.003","volume":"15","author":"PJ Frick","year":"2006","unstructured":"Frick PJ (2006) Developmental pathways to conduct disorder. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 15:311\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chc.2005.11.003","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am"},{"key":"1973_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-psych-010213-115030","volume":"65","author":"J Juvonen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Juvonen J, Graham S (2014) Bullying in schools: the power of bullies and the plight of victims. Annu Rew Psychol 65:159\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-psych-010213-115030","journal-title":"Annu Rew Psychol"},{"key":"1973_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s10862-008-9111-3","volume":"31","author":"KA Fanti","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fanti KA, Frick PJ, Georgiou S (2009) Linking callous-unemotional traits to instrumental and non-instrumental forms of aggression. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 31:285\u2013298. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10862-008-9111-3","journal-title":"J Psychopathol Behav Assess"},{"key":"1973_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x47","volume":"49","author":"PK Smith","year":"2008","unstructured":"Smith PK, Mahdavi J, Carvalho M et al (2008) Cyberbullying: its nature and impact in secondary school pupils. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 49:376\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2007.01846.x47","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"1973_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2005.10.005","volume":"23","author":"Q Li","year":"2007","unstructured":"Li Q (2007) New bottle but old wine: a research of cyberbullying in schools. Comput Hum Behav 23:1777\u20131791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2005.10.005","journal-title":"Comput Hum Behav"},{"key":"1973_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1080\/10926771.2017.1330793","volume":"26","author":"AC Baldry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Baldry AC, Farrington DP, Sorrentino A (2017) School bullying and cyberbullying among boys and girls: roles and overlap. J Aggress Maltreat Trauma 26:937\u2013951. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10926771.2017.1330793","journal-title":"J Aggress Maltreat Trauma"},{"key":"1973_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lindif.2015.11.021","volume":"45","author":"R del Rey","year":"2016","unstructured":"del Rey R, Lazuras L, Casas JA et al (2016) Does empathy predict (cyber) bullying perpetration, and how do age, gender and nationality affect this relationship? Learn Individ Differ 45:275\u2013281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lindif.2015.11.021","journal-title":"Learn Individ Differ"},{"key":"1973_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1177\/1541204006286288","volume":"4","author":"JW Patchin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Patchin JW, Hinduja S (2006) Bullies move beyond the schoolyard: a preliminary look at cyberbullying. Youth Violence Juv Justice 4:148\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1541204006286288","journal-title":"Youth Violence Juv Justice"}],"container-title":["European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-022-01973-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-022-01973-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-022-01973-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,26]],"date-time":"2023-08-26T06:06:37Z","timestamp":1693029997000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00787-022-01973-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]}},"alternative-id":["1973"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-022-01973-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 November 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 March 2022","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 March 2022","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"C. Freitag receives royalties for books on ADHD, ASD and Depression. B. Herpertz-Dahlmann receives royalties for books and chapters on eating disorders and psychosomatic disorders and speaker\u2019s fee from Ferring. The remaining authors have declared that they have no competing or potential conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Approval was obtained from the ethics committees of RWTH Uniklinik Aachen and Universit\u00e4tsklinikum Frankfurt. The procedures used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants and their legal guardians.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}]}}