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Nonetheless, there are no published reviews on resilience and\/or risk and protective factors for physical and mental health among refugee children living in Nordic countries. In this systematic review, we identified 5181 studies on the topic, screened titles, and abstracts, viewed 632, and finally included 26 studies. These studies described 18 samples with a total of 34,080 individuals ranging in ages 0\u201318\u00a0years. Overall, the studies were of good quality. Nearly all studies assessed adversity. Six studies reported physical health outcomes and all studies mental health outcomes, most often post-traumatic stress disorder and anxiety. None explicitly studied resilience. While we found that age and sex are the most frequently studied\u00a0\u00a0risk- and protective factors, findings are inconclusive, since the direction of the associations was different in the different studies. This systematic review indicates that there is still a need for well-designed and -powered studies using clear definitions of key study concepts to examine health outcomes and resilience among refugee children in Nordic countries.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-022-01975-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]],"date-time":"2022-04-20T16:03:04Z","timestamp":1650470584000},"page":"667-700","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["A systematic review of studies on resilience and risk and protective factors for health among refugee children in Nordic countries"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0796-3921","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erica","family":"Mattelin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1759-3554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kristina","family":"Paidar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1768-415X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalie","family":"S\u00f6derlind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4155-6323","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frida","family":"Fr\u00f6berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1837-5930","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Laura","family":"Korhonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"1975_CR1","first-page":"339","volume":"38","author":"K Abdalla","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abdalla K, Elklit A (2001) En landsd\u00e6kkende screeningsunders\u00f8gelse af flygtningeb\u00f8rn fra Kosovo = A nation-wide screening of refugee children from Kosovo Psykologisk Paedagogisk R\u00e5dgivning 38:339\u2013348","journal-title":"Psykologisk Paedagogisk R\u00e5dgivning"},{"key":"1975_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(96)00176-7","volume":"21","author":"K Almqvist","year":"1997","unstructured":"Almvist K, Brandell-Forsberg M (1997) Refugee children in Sweden: post-traumatic stress disorder in Iranian preschool children exposed to organized violence Child Abuse Negl 21:351\u2013366","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"1975_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199906000-00020","volume":"38","author":"K Almqvist","year":"1999","unstructured":"Almqvist K, Broberg AG (1999) Mental health and social adjustment in young refugee children 3 1\/2 years after their arrival in Sweden J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 38:723\u2013730","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1037\/0002-9432.71.1.4","volume":"71","author":"B Angel","year":"2001","unstructured":"Angel B, Hjern A, Ingleby D (2001) Effects of war and organized violence on children: a study of Bosnian refugees in Sweden Am J Orthopsychiatry 71:4\u201315","journal-title":"Am J Orthopsychiatry"},{"key":"1975_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000516","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2019-000516","volume":"3","author":"A Baauw","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baauw A, Kist-van Holthe J, Slattery B, Heymans M, Chinapaw M, van Goudoever H (2019) Health needs of refugee children identified on arrival in reception countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis BMJ Paediatr Open 3:e000516","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatr Open"},{"key":"1975_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e353","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30077-5","volume":"4","author":"M Back Nielsen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Back Nielsen M, Carlsson J, Koster Rimvall M, Petersen JH, Norredam M (2019) Risk of childhood psychiatric disorders in children of refugee parents with post-traumatic stress disorder: a nationwide, register-based, cohort study. 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