{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T06:12:03Z","timestamp":1787897523862,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Dynamics of inequality across the lifecourse Programme of the EU\u2019s New Opportunities for Research Funding Agency Co-operation in Europe","award":["462-16-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["462-16-030"]}]},{"name":"Dynamics of inequality across the lifecourse Programme of the EU\u2019s New Opportunities for Research Funding Agency Co-operation in Europe","award":["462-16-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["462-16-030"]}]},{"name":"Dynamics of inequality across the lifecourse Programme of the EU\u2019s New Opportunities for Research Funding Agency Co-operation in Europe","award":["462-16-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["462-16-030"]}]},{"name":"Dynamics of inequality across the lifecourse Programme of the EU\u2019s New Opportunities for Research Funding Agency Co-operation in Europe","award":["462-16-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["462-16-030"]}]},{"name":"Dynamics of inequality across the lifecourse Programme of the EU\u2019s New Opportunities for Research Funding Agency Co-operation in Europe","award":["462-16-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["462-16-030"]}]},{"name":"Dynamics of inequality across the lifecourse Programme of the EU\u2019s New Opportunities for Research Funding Agency Co-operation in Europe","award":["462-16-030"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["462-16-030"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Research examining the development of behavior, emotions and language, and their intertwining is limited as only few studies had a longitudinal design, mostly with a short follow-up period. Moreover, most studies did not evaluate whether internalizing symptoms and externalizing symptoms are independently associated with language ability. This study examines bidirectional associations between internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms and language ability in childhood in a large, population-based cohort. Longitudinal data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a cohort of children in the United Kingdom followed from birth to 11\u00a0years (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200910,878; 50.7% boys), were analyzed. Internalizing and externalizing symptoms were based on parent reports. Language ability (higher scores reflecting poorer ability) was assessed by trained interviewers at ages 3, 5, 7 and 11\u00a0years. Structural Equation Models (SEM) were performed, including random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) and cross-lagged panel models (CLPM). Internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms and language ability were stable over time and co-occur with each other from early life onwards. Over time, externalizing symptoms in early childhood were associated with less growth in language skills and with increases in internalizing symptoms. In late childhood, language ability was negatively associated with later internalizing and externalizing symptoms. The early start, co-occurrence and persistent nature of internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms and (poorer) language ability highlights the importance of comprehensive assessments in young children who present problems in one of these domains. Specifically, among children in the early grades of elementary school, those with language difficulties may benefit from careful monitoring as they are more likely to develop difficulties in behavior and emotions.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-023-02192-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]],"date-time":"2023-04-03T08:28:46Z","timestamp":1680510526000},"page":"787-797","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Bidirectional associations between mental health problems and language ability across 8\u00a0years of childhood"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Tamayo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Wareham","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-Christine","family":"Franken","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina","family":"McKean","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Henning","family":"Tiemeier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pauline W.","family":"Jansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2192_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-79061-9_2357","volume-title":"Encyclopedia of child behavior and development","author":"MS Frazier","year":"2011","unstructured":"Frazier MS (2011). In: Goldstein S, Naglieri JA (eds) Encyclopedia of child behavior and development. Springer, Berlin, pp 1228\u20131229"},{"key":"2192_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3203_02","volume":"32","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"2003","unstructured":"Achenbach TM, Dumenci L, Rescorla LA (2003) DSM-oriented and empirically based approaches to constructing scales from the same item pools. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 32:328\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/S15374424JCCP3203_02","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"2192_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","volume":"38","author":"R Goodman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goodman R (1997) The strengths and difficulties questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 38:581\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2192_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416000572","volume":"29","author":"MG Nivard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Nivard MG et al (2017) Joint developmental trajectories of internalizing and externalizing disorders between childhood and adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 29:919\u2013928. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579416000572","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"2192_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1081","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12790","volume":"58","author":"C McKean","year":"2017","unstructured":"McKean C et al (2017) Subgroups in language trajectories from 4 to 11 years: the nature and predictors of stable, improving and decreasing language trajectory groups. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 58:1081\u20131091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.12790","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"2192_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-015-9993-y","volume":"44","author":"M Basten","year":"2016","unstructured":"Basten M et al (2016) The stability of problem behavior across the preschool years: an empirical approach in the general population. J Abnorm Child Psychol 44:393\u2013404. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-015-9993-y","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"2192_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2601_10","volume":"26","author":"KR Dietz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dietz KR, Lavigne JV, Arend R, Rosenbaum D (1997) Relation between intelligence and psychopathology among preschoolers. J Clin Child Psychol 26:99\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15374424jccp2601_10","journal-title":"J Clin Child Psychol"},{"key":"2192_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/11-0169)","volume":"56","author":"J Henrichs","year":"2013","unstructured":"Henrichs J et al (2013) Early vocabulary delay and behavioral\/emotional problems in early childhood: the generation R study. J Speech Lang Hear Res 56:553\u2013566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1044\/1092-4388(2012\/11-0169)","journal-title":"J Speech Lang Hear Res"},{"key":"2192_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1080\/17405629.2016.1215300","volume":"14","author":"L-C Girard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Girard L-C, Pingault J-B, Doyle O, Falissard B, Tremblay RE (2017) Expressive language and prosocial behaviour in early childhood: longitudinal associations in the UK Millennium Cohort Study. Eur J Dev Psychol 14:381\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17405629.2016.1215300","journal-title":"Eur J Dev Psychol"},{"key":"2192_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e365","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13219","volume":"91","author":"EM Westrupp","year":"2020","unstructured":"Westrupp EM et al (2020) vocabulary development and trajectories of behavioral and emotional difficulties via academic ability and peer problems. Child Dev 91:e365\u2013e382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.13219","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"2192_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579413000217","volume":"25","author":"MH Bornstein","year":"2013","unstructured":"Bornstein MH, Hahn C-S, Suwalsky JTD (2013) Language and internalizing and externalizing behavioral adjustment: developmental pathways from childhood to adolescence. Dev Psychopathol 25:857\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579413000217","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"2192_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1177\/0271121420945022","volume":"40","author":"Z Gigi An","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gigi An Z, Zeng S, Chen C-I, Zhao H (2021) Examining the bidirectional relations between language and behavior in head start children. Top Early Childhood Spec Educ 40:192\u2013203. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0271121420945022","journal-title":"Top Early Childhood Spec Educ"},{"issue":"1","key":"2192_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1037\/a0038889","volume":"20","author":"E Hamaker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hamaker E, Kuiper R, Grasman R (2015) A critique of the cross-lagged panel model. Psychol Methods 20(1):102\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0038889","journal-title":"Psychol Methods"},{"key":"2192_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1033","DOI":"10.1017\/s0954579416000687","volume":"28","author":"CJ Willner","year":"2016","unstructured":"Willner CJ, Gatzke-Kopp LM, Bray BC (2016) The dynamics of internalizing and externalizing comorbidity across the early school years. Dev Psychopathol 28:1033\u20131052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0954579416000687","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"key":"2192_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Joshi H, Fitzsimons E (2016) The Millennium Cohort Study: the making of a multi-purpose resource for social science and policy.7:22. doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.14301\/llcs.v7i4.410","DOI":"10.14301\/llcs.v7i4.410"},{"key":"2192_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9434-x","volume":"38","author":"A Goodman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Goodman A, Lamping DL, Ploubidis GB (2010) When to use broader internalising and externalising subscales instead of the hypothesised five subscales on the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ): data from British parents, teachers and children. J Abnorm Child Psychol 38:1179\u20131191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-010-9434-x","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"2192_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1210","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2014-2920","volume":"135","author":"S Croft","year":"2015","unstructured":"Croft S, Stride C, Maughan B, Rowe R (2015) Validity of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire in preschool-aged children. Pediatrics 135:e1210\u2013e1219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2014-2920","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2192_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.12.005","volume":"57","author":"E Flouri","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flouri E et al (2019) Developmental cascades of internalising symptoms, externalising problems and cognitive ability from early childhood to middle adolescence. Eur Psychiatry 57:61\u201369. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2018.12.005","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"2192_CR19","unstructured":"Connelly R (2013) Interpreting test scores. CLS"},{"key":"2192_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-3588.2004.00123.x","volume":"10","author":"V Hill","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hill V (2005) Through the past darkly: a review of the British ability scales second editioin. Child Adolesc Ment Health 10:87\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1475-3588.2004.00123.x","journal-title":"Child Adolesc Ment Health"},{"key":"2192_CR21","unstructured":"Moulton V et al (2020) A guide to the cognitive measures in five British birth cohort studies"},{"key":"2192_CR22","unstructured":"Elliott CD, Smith P, McCulloch K (1996) British ability scales, 2nd edn"},{"key":"2192_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1813","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12570","volume":"87","author":"CM Connor","year":"2016","unstructured":"Connor CM et al (2016) Reciprocal Effects of self-regulation, semantic knowledge, and reading comprehension in early elementary school. Child Dev 87:1813\u20131824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12570","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"2192_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00632","volume":"41","author":"JB Tomblin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tomblin JB, Zhang X, Buckwalter P, Catts H (2000) The association of reading disability, behavioral disorders, and language impairment among second-grade children. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 41:473\u2013482. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1469-7610.00632","journal-title":"The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines"},{"key":"2192_CR25","unstructured":"CLS (2020) Millennium cohort study. user guide (Surveys 1\u20135), 9th edn. UCL Institute of Education, pp 1\u2013110"},{"key":"2192_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1421","DOI":"10.1080\/01419870.2011.556745","volume":"34","author":"L Panico","year":"2011","unstructured":"Panico L, Nazroo JY (2011) The social and economic circumstances of mixed ethnicity children in the UK: findings from the Millennium Cohort Study. Ethnic Rac Stud 34:1421\u20131444. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01419870.2011.556745","journal-title":"Ethnic Rac Stud"},{"key":"2192_CR27","unstructured":"Straus MA, Hamby SL (1997) Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association (ed American Educational Research Association. Chicago"},{"key":"2192_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705511.2020.1784738","author":"JD Mulder","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mulder JD, Hamaker EL (2020) Three extensions of the random intercept cross-lagged panel model. Struct Equ Model A Multidiscip J. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705511.2020.1784738","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model A Multidiscip J"},{"key":"2192_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118","volume":"6","author":"L Hu","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hu L, Bentler PM (1999) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model A Multidiscip J 6:1\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705519909540118","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model A Multidiscip J"},{"key":"2192_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","volume":"45","author":"S van Buuren","year":"2011","unstructured":"van Buuren S, Groothuis-Oudshoorn K (2011) mice: multivariate imputation by chained equations in R. J Stat Softw 45:1\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v045.i03","journal-title":"J Stat Softw"},{"key":"2192_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-010-9444-8","volume":"39","author":"VE Cosgrove","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cosgrove VE et al (2011) Structure and etiology of co-occurring internalizing and externalizing disorders in adolescents. J Abnorm Child Psychol 39:109\u2013123. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-010-9444-8","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"key":"2192_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-4222(02)00141-5","volume":"23","author":"TL Stanton-Chapman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stanton-Chapman TL, Chapman DA, Bainbridge NL, Scott KG (2002) Identification of early risk factors for language impairment. Res Dev Disabil 23:390\u2013405. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0891-4222(02)00141-5","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"2192_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2008-2816","volume":"124","author":"CSH Aarnoudse-Moens","year":"2009","unstructured":"Aarnoudse-Moens CSH, Weisglas-Kuperus N, van Goudoever JB, Oosterlaan J (2009) Meta-analysis of neurobehavioral outcomes in very preterm and\/or very low birth weight children. Pediatrics 124:717\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2008-2816","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2192_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/00222194211019961","author":"U Toseeb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Toseeb U, Oginni OA, Dale PS (2021) Developmental language disorder and psychopathology: disentangling shared genetic and environmental influences. J Learn Disabil. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/00222194211019961","journal-title":"J Learn Disabil"},{"key":"2192_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1080\/15374416.2011.546045","volume":"40","author":"EMJC Gooren","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gooren EMJC, van Lier PAC, Stegge H, Terwogt MM, Koot HM (2011) The development of conduct problems and depressive symptoms in early elementary school children: the role of peer rejection. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol 40:245\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15374416.2011.546045","journal-title":"J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol"},{"key":"2192_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2102_6","volume":"21","author":"SP Hinshaw","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hinshaw SP, Han SS, Erhardt D, Huber A (1992) Internalizing and externalizing behavior problems in preschool children: correspondence among parent and teacher ratings and behavior observations. J Clin Child Psychol 21:143\u2013150. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15374424jccp2102_6","journal-title":"J Clin Child Psychol"},{"key":"2192_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1207\/s15374424jccp2201_11","volume":"22","author":"C Stanger","year":"1993","unstructured":"Stanger C, Lewis M (1993) Agreement among parents, teachers, and children on internalizing and externalizing behavior problems. J Clin Child Psychol 22:107\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1207\/s15374424jccp2201_11","journal-title":"J Clin Child Psychol"},{"key":"2192_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-021-02039-3","author":"N Tamayo Martinez","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tamayo Martinez N et al (2021) Aggressive behavior, emotional, and attention problems across childhood and academic attainment at the end of primary school. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-021-02039-3","journal-title":"Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol"},{"key":"2192_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0101751","volume":"9","author":"K Veldman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Veldman K et al (2014) Mental health problems and educational attainment in adolescence: 9-year follow-up of the TRAILS study. PLoS ONE 9:e101751. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0101751","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"2192_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1111\/josh.12572","volume":"87","author":"J Minkkinen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Minkkinen J et al (2017) Health as a predictor of students\u2019 academic achievement: a 3-level longitudinal study of finnish adolescents. J Sch Health 87:902\u2013910. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/josh.12572","journal-title":"J Sch Health"},{"key":"2192_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1080\/13803395.2016.1232373","volume":"39","author":"BM Ruf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ruf BM, Bessette KL, Pearlson GD, Stevens MC (2017) Effect of trait anxiety on cognitive test performance in adolescents with and without attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 39:434\u2013448. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13803395.2016.1232373","journal-title":"J Clin Exp Neuropsychol"},{"key":"2192_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.10.027","volume":"35","author":"VV Hawa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hawa VV, Spanoudis G (2014) Toddlers with delayed expressive language: an overview of the characteristics, risk factors and language outcomes. Res Dev Disabil 35:400\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ridd.2013.10.027","journal-title":"Res Dev Disabil"},{"key":"2192_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.95","volume":"121","author":"K Keenan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Keenan K, Shaw D (1997) Developmental and social influences on young girls\u2019 early problem behavior. Psychol Bull 121:95\u2013113. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-2909.121.1.95","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"2192_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-014-0551-x","volume":"23","author":"M Basten","year":"2014","unstructured":"Basten M et al (2014) Nonverbal intelligence in young children with dysregulation: the generation R study. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 23:1061\u20131070. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-014-0551-x","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"2192_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e691","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13540","volume":"92","author":"RF Hentges","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hentges RF, Devereux C, Graham SA, Madigan S (2021) Child language difficulties and internalizing and externalizing symptoms: a meta-analysis. Child Dev 92:e691\u2013e715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.13540","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"2192_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-016-0214-1","volume":"19","author":"K Salmon","year":"2016","unstructured":"Salmon K, O\u2019Kearney R, Reese E, Fortune C-A (2016) The role of language skill in child psychopathology: implications for intervention in the early years. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 19:352\u2013367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-016-0214-1","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"2192_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1589","volume":"27","author":"S Cheng","year":"2018","unstructured":"Cheng S et al (2018) Understanding parent\u2013teacher agreement of the strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ): comparison across seven European countries. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 27:e1589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mpr.1589","journal-title":"Int J Methods Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"2192_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-008-0691-y","volume":"17","author":"M van der Meer","year":"2008","unstructured":"van der Meer M, Dixon A, Rose D (2008) Parent and child agreement on reports of problem behaviour obtained from a screening questionnaire, the SDQ. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 17:491\u2013497. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-008-0691-y","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-023-02192-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-023-02192-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-023-02192-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,24]],"date-time":"2024-02-24T04:08:24Z","timestamp":1708747704000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00787-023-02192-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]}},"alternative-id":["2192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-023-02192-x","relation":{"has-preprint":[{"id-type":"doi","id":"10.21203\/rs.3.rs-1807940\/v1","asserted-by":"object"}]},"ISSN":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 June 2022","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 March 2023","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2023","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}