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We examined the prevalence and distribution of chronic pain in adolescents and young adults with ADHD using 9-years longitudinal data (from T1:2009\u20132011 to T3:2018\u20132019) with three time points from a clinical health survey compared to two age-matched reference population-based samples. Mixed-effect logistic regression and binary linear regression were used to estimate the probability for chronic and multisite pain at each time point and to compare the prevalence of chronic pain with the reference populations. The prevalence of chronic and multisite pain was high in those with ADHD, especially in female young adults, with highly prevalent chronic pain at 9 years of follow-up (75.9%) compared to 45.7% in females in the reference population. The probability of having pain was only statistically significant for chronic pain in males at 3 years of follow-up (41.9%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.021). Those with ADHD were at higher risk of reporting single-site and multisite pain compared to the general population at all measurement points. Longitudinal studies should be tailored to further understand the complex sex differences of comorbid chronic pain and ADHD in adolescents, exploring predictive factors of pain assessing long-term associations with bodyweight, psychiatric comorbidities, and possible mechanisms of stimulant use effects on pain.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-023-02249-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]],"date-time":"2023-06-29T17:01:47Z","timestamp":1688058107000},"page":"1433-1442","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Prevalence of chronic and multisite pain in adolescents and young adults with ADHD: a comparative study between clinical and general population samples (the HUNT study)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7716-7122","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingunn","family":"Mundal","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jorun","family":"Schei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stian","family":"Lydersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per Hove","family":"Thomsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torunn Stene","family":"N\u00f8vik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Levi R.","family":"Kvitland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"2249_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(17)30167-0","volume":"5","author":"K Sayal","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sayal K, Prasad V, Daley D, Ford T, Coghill D (2018) ADHD in children and young people: prevalence, care pathways, and service provision. 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All participants gave an informed written consent to participate. For adolescents under 16\u00a0years old, parents had to consent. According to study procedures, written informed consent was obtained from adolescents and parents participating at T<sub>1<\/sub> and T<sub>2,<\/sub> and from the young adults at T<sub>3<\/sub>. All parents received oral and written information. Consent was implicitly given by anonymously responding to the questionnaires and returning the envelope at the end of the course. Personal information, names or any other identifying information were not collected, and confidentiality and anonymity were carefully ensured.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}