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However, intergenerational transmission of risk for mental illness in one\u2019s children is insufficiently considered in clinical practice, nor is it sufficiently utilised into diagnostics and care for children of ill parents. This leads to delays in diagnosing young offspring and missed opportunities for protective actions and resilience strengthening. Prior twin, family, and adoption studies suggest that the aetiology of mental illness is governed by a complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors, potentially mediated by changes in epigenetic programming and brain development. However, how these factors ultimately materialise into mental disorders remains unclear. Here, we present the FAMILY consortium, an interdisciplinary, multimodal (e.g., (epi)genetics, neuroimaging, environment, behaviour), multilevel (e.g., individual-level, family-level), and multisite study funded by a European Union Horizon-Staying-Healthy-2021 grant. 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FAMILY aims to deliver: (i) new discoveries clarifying the aetiology of mental illness and the process of resilience, thereby providing new targets for prevention and intervention studies; (ii) a risk prediction model within a normative modelling framework to predict who is at risk for developing mental illness; and (iii) insight into social and ethical issues related to risk prediction to inform clinical guidelines.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02423-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,13]],"date-time":"2024-04-13T09:01:51Z","timestamp":1712998911000},"page":"3885-3898","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Running in the FAMILY: understanding and predicting the intergenerational transmission of mental illness"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Lisanne A. E. 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All procedures performed in studies involving human participants are conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and\/or national research ethics committee and with the WMA Declaration of Helsinki and its latest amendments or comparable ethical standards. All animal experiments are conducted in full compliance with national\/European Union directives on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"BE is part of the Advisory Board of Eli Lilly Denmark A\/S, Janssen-Cilag, Lundbeck Pharma A\/S, and Takeda Pharmaceutical Company Ltd; and has received lecture fees from Bristol-Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Otsuka Pharma Scandinavia AB, Eli Lilly Company, and Lundbeck Pharma A\/S. CM has received honoraria as a consultant and\/or advisor and\/or for lectures from Angelini, Compass, Esteve, Exeltis Janssen, Lundbeck, Neuraxpharm, Nuvelution, Otsuka, Pfizer, Servier and Sunovion. outside the submitted work. CFB is founder and shareholder of SBGneuro Ltd. Other authors have no competing interests to declare.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}