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Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Callous-unemotional (CU) traits appear to be linked to differences in neural networks, including the uncinate fasciculus (UF) and cingulum bundle (CB). It has recently been suggested that CU traits are comprised of primary and secondary subtypes based on the relative co-occurrence of internalising symptoms. Here, we explored the white matter microstructure of these subtypes. White matter microstructure of the UF and CB was analysed in youths (aged 8\u201318;\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009121; females\u2009=\u200931) recruited through Europe-based multisite studies. Our sample comprised a control (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200953) and a case group with disruptive behaviour disorders (DBDs) (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200968) with low and high levels of CU traits. The case group was further split into primary (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200949) and secondary (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u200914) subgroups. Compared to the control group, the case group showed decreased mean diffusivity in the right ventral CB (\n                    <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                    .023, uncorrected). Within our case group, higher scores on the \u2018unemotional\u2019 subscale of the Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits were associated with decreased axial diffusivity (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=.02, uncorrected) and mean diffusivity (\n                    <jats:italic>p\u2009=<\/jats:italic>\n                    .013, uncorrected) in the dorsal CB in youths with primary CU traits, but the opposite in those with secondary CU traits.\n                    <jats:italic>Post hoc<\/jats:italic>\n                    analyses found that the left hemisphere drove these effects. The relationship between CU traits and dorsal CB microstructure appears dependent on the presence of internalising symptoms and CU traits subcomponents. A fractionation may lead to a better understanding of the aetiology of DBDs and more focused treatment options.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-025-02806-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,2]],"date-time":"2025-07-02T06:26:31Z","timestamp":1751437591000},"page":"4035-4051","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["White matter microstructure of the cingulum bundle and the uncinate fasciculus in primary and secondary callous-unemotional traits"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"34","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9387-3741","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luisa","family":"Schalk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5352-4164","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arjun","family":"Sethi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5311-8673","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Melanie C.","family":"Saam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Itziar","family":"Flamarique","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jilly","family":"Naaijen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrea","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter J.","family":"Hoekstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Banaschewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pascal-M","family":"Aggensteiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Baumeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roger","family":"Borr\u00e0s","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mireia","family":"Rosa-Justicia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paramala","family":"Santosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ilyas","family":"Sagar-Ouriaghli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celso","family":"Arango","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Jos\u00e9 Penzol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Brandeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susanne","family":"Walitza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia E.","family":"Werhahn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Franke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey C.","family":"Glennon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcel P.","family":"Zwiers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ulrike M. 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He received conference support or speaker\u2019s fees from Lilly, Medice, Novartis, and Shire. He has also been involved in clinical trials conducted by Shire and Viforpharma and has received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, CIP Medien, and Oxford University Press. C Arango has been a consultant to or has received honoraria or grants from Acadia, Angelini, Biogen, Boehringer, Gedeon Richter, Janssen Cilag, Lundbeck, Medscape, Menarini, Minerva, Otsuka, Pfizer, Roche, Sage, Servier, Shire, Schering Plough, Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma, Sunovion and Takeda. D Brandeis serves as an unpaid scientific consultant for an EU-funded neurofeedback trial. S Walitza SW received royalties from Thieme, Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, Springer, Beltz. Her work has been supported by the Swiss National Science Foundation (SNF), diff. EU FP7s, HSM Hochspezialisierte Medizin of the Kanton Zurich, Switzerland, Bfarm Germany, ZinEP, Hartmann Mu\u0308ller Stiftung, Olga Mayenfisch, Gertrud Thalmann Fonds. Outside professional activities and interests are declared on the web page of the University of Zurich (\n                      \n                      ). B Franke receives funding from a personal Vici grant from the Dutch Organisation for Scientific Research (Grant 016 130 669) and the Dutch National Science Agenda for the NWANeurolabNL project (Grant 400 17 602). She received educational speaking fees from Shire and Medicine. JC Glennon has acted as a consultant for Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH. UME Schulze serves as an unpaid ethics advisor for two EU-funded projects unrelated to the present work. JK Buitelaar has been a consultant to\/member of the advisory board of and\/or speaker for Janssen Cilag BV, Eli Lilly, Bristol-Myer Squibb, Shering Plough, UCB, Shire, Novartis, and Servier. He is not an employee of any of these companies, nor a stock shareholder of any of these companies. All other authors report no potential conflict of interest. The present work is unrelated to the above grants and relationships.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}