{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T15:16:17Z","timestamp":1771427777971,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1753833600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["32260210"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32260210"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Shenzhen Fund for Guangdong Provincial High-level Clinical Key Specialties","award":["No. SZGSP013"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["No. SZGSP013"]}]},{"name":"Youth Program of Shenzhen Kangning Hospital","award":["KN2023A004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["KN2023A004"]}]},{"name":"Fund of the Science and Technology Planning Project of Shenzhen Municipality","award":["20210617155253001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20210617155253001"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-025-02823-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T10:36:10Z","timestamp":1753871770000},"page":"157-166","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Bidirectional relationships of irritability with ADHD, depression, GAD, and PTSD in three independent samples of Chinese children and adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Fulei","family":"Geng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Xiong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuan","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4 Pt 2","key":"2823_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1473","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579413000722","volume":"25","author":"E Leibenluft","year":"2013","unstructured":"Leibenluft E, Stoddard J (2013) The developmental psychopathology of irritability. Dev Psychopathol Nov 25(4 Pt 2):1473\u20131487","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol Nov"},{"issue":"6","key":"2823_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2016.16070839","volume":"1","author":"MA Brotman","year":"2017","unstructured":"Brotman MA, Kircanski K, Stringaris A, Pine DS, Leibenluft E (2017) Irritability in youths: A translational model. Am J Psychiatry Jun 1(6):520\u2013532","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry Jun"},{"key":"2823_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2017.01.004","volume":"53","author":"SC Evans","year":"2017","unstructured":"Evans SC, Burke JD, Roberts MC et al (2017) Irritability in child and adolescent psychopathology: an integrative review for ICD-11. Clin Psychol Rev Apr 53:29\u201345","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev Apr"},{"issue":"5","key":"2823_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1177\/09637214211035101","volume":"30","author":"DN Klein","year":"2021","unstructured":"Klein DN, Dougherty LR, Kessel EM, Silver J, Carlson GA (2021) A transdiagnostic perspective on youth irritability. Curr Dir Psychol Sci Oct 30(5):437\u2013443","journal-title":"Curr Dir Psychol Sci Oct"},{"issue":"7","key":"2823_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.12823","volume":"59","author":"A Stringaris","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stringaris A, Vidal-Ribas P, Brotman MA, Leibenluft E (2018) Practitioner review: definition, recognition, and treatment challenges of irritability in young people. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Jul 59(7):721\u2013739","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry Jul"},{"issue":"9","key":"2823_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2006.08.042","volume":"1","author":"MA Brotman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brotman MA, Schmajuk M, Rich BA et al (2006) Prevalence, clinical correlates, and longitudinal course of severe mood dysregulation in children. Biol Psychiatry Nov 1(9):991\u2013997","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry Nov"},{"issue":"8","key":"2823_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.05.008","volume":"54","author":"WE Copeland","year":"2015","unstructured":"Copeland WE, Brotman MA, Costello EJ (2015) Normative irritability in youth: developmental findings from the great smoky mountains study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Aug 54(8):635\u2013642","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Aug"},{"issue":"9","key":"2823_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.08121849","volume":"166","author":"A Stringaris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stringaris A, Cohen P, Pine DS, Leibenluft E (2009) Adult outcomes of youth irritability: a 20-year prospective community-based study. Am J Psychiatry Sep 166(9):1048\u20131054","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry Sep"},{"issue":"1","key":"2823_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.111.1.62","volume":"111","author":"CM Buchanan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Buchanan CM, Eccles JS, Becker JB (1992) Are adolescents the victims of raging hormones: evidence for activational effects of hormones on moods and behavior at adolescence. Psychol Bull Jan 111(1):62\u2013107","journal-title":"Psychol Bull Jan"},{"issue":"3","key":"2823_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12486","volume":"19","author":"L Berk","year":"2017","unstructured":"Berk L, Hallam KT, Venugopal K et al (2017) Impact of irritability: a 2-year observational study of outpatients with bipolar I or schizoaffective disorder. Bipolar Disorders May 19(3):184\u2013197","journal-title":"Bipolar Disorders May"},{"key":"2823_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Eyre O, Riglin L, Leibenluft E, Stringaris A, Collishaw S, Thapar A (2019) Irritability in ADHD: association with later depression symptoms. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry\u00a028(10):1375\u20131384","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01303-x"},{"key":"2823_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.01.151","volume":"1","author":"R Johns-Mead","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johns-Mead R, Vijayakumar N, Mulraney M et al (2024) The longitudinal relationship between socioemotional difficulties and irritability in ADHD. J Affect Disord Apr 1:350:573\u2013581","journal-title":"J Affect Disord Apr"},{"issue":"12","key":"2823_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2013.09.007","volume":"52","author":"LR Dougherty","year":"2013","unstructured":"Dougherty LR, Smith VC, Bufferd SJ et al (2013) Preschool irritability: longitudinal associations with psychiatric disorders at age 6 and parental psychopathology. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Dec 52(12):1304\u20131313","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Dec"},{"issue":"5","key":"2823_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.02.010","volume":"54","author":"J Savage","year":"2015","unstructured":"Savage J, Verhulst B, Copeland W, Althoff RR, Lichtenstein P, Roberson-Nay R (2015) A genetically informed study of the longitudinal relation between irritability and anxious\/depressed symptoms. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry May 54(5):377\u2013384","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry May"},{"key":"2823_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.03.079","volume":"1","author":"J Silver","year":"2024","unstructured":"Silver J, Sorcher L, Carlson GA, Dougherty LR, Klein DN (2024) Irritability across adolescence: examining longitudinal trajectory, stability, and associations with psychopathology and functioning at age 18. J Affect Disord Jun 1:354:611\u2013618","journal-title":"J Affect Disord Jun"},{"issue":"4","key":"2823_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1089\/cap.2006.16.456","volume":"16","author":"E Leibenluft","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leibenluft E, Cohen P, Gorrindo T, Brook JS, Pine DS (2006) Chronic versus episodic irritability in youth: a community-based, longitudinal study of clinical and diagnostic associations. J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol Aug 16(4):456\u2013466","journal-title":"J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol Aug"},{"issue":"2","key":"2823_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-020-00723-7","volume":"49","author":"S Kahle","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kahle S, Mukherjee P, Dixon JF, Leibenluft E, Hinshaw SP, Schweitzer JB (2021) Irritability predicts hyperactive\/impulsive symptoms across adolescence for females. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol Feb 49(2):185\u2013196","journal-title":"Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol Feb"},{"issue":"11","key":"2823_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-022-00945-x","volume":"50","author":"AN Nili","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nili AN, Krogh-Jespersen S, Perlman SB et al (2022) Joint consideration of inhibitory control and irritability in young children: contributions to emergent psychopathology. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol Nov 50(11):1415\u20131427","journal-title":"Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol Nov"},{"issue":"5","key":"2823_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1803","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579421000900","volume":"33","author":"SL Karalunas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Karalunas SL, Antovich D, Goh PK et al (2021) Longitudinal network model of the co-development of temperament, executive functioning, and psychopathology symptoms in youth with and without ADHD. Dev Psychopathol Dec 33(5):1803\u20131820","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol Dec"},{"issue":"3","key":"2823_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1371","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579421001267","volume":"35","author":"E Chad-Friedman","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chad-Friedman E, Galano MM, Lemay EP, Olino TM, Klein DN, Dougherty LR (2023) Parsing between- and within-person effects: longitudinal associations between irritability and internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood through adolescence. Dev Psychopathol Aug 35(3):1371\u20131381","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol Aug"},{"key":"2823_CR21","first-page":"100204","volume":"6","author":"M Henriksen","year":"2021","unstructured":"Henriksen M, Skrove M, Hoftun GB et al (2021)Exposure to traumatic events poses greater risk for irritability in girls than in boys. J Affect Disord Rep Dec 6:100204","journal-title":"J Affect Disord Rep Dec"},{"issue":"5","key":"2823_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1177\/0306624X14555855","volume":"60","author":"H McCoy","year":"2016","unstructured":"McCoy H, Leverso J, Bowen EA (2016) What the MAYSI-2 can tell Us about Anger-Irritability and trauma. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol Apr 60(5):555\u2013574","journal-title":"Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol Apr"},{"issue":"1","key":"2823_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apmr.2019.07.018","volume":"101","author":"SR Miles","year":"2020","unstructured":"Miles SR, Brenner LA, Neumann D et al (2020) Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms contribute to staff perceived irritability, anger, and aggression after TBI in a longitudinal veteran cohort: A VA TBI model systems study. Arch Phys Med Rehabil Jan 101(1):81\u201388","journal-title":"Arch Phys Med Rehabil Jan"},{"issue":"6","key":"2823_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0001498","volume":"16","author":"N Zhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhan N, Zhang L, Gong M, Geng F (2024) Clinical correlates of irritability, anger, hostility, and aggression in posttraumatic stress disorder. Psychol Trauma Sep 16(6):1055\u20131062","journal-title":"Psychol Trauma Sep"},{"issue":"3","key":"2823_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-014-9908-3","volume":"43","author":"BJ Leadbeater","year":"2015","unstructured":"Leadbeater BJ, Homel J (2015) Irritable and defiant sub-dimensions of ODD: their stability and prediction of internalizing symptoms and conduct problems from adolescence to young adulthood. J Abnorm Child Psychol Apr 43(3):407\u2013421","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol Apr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2823_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867416659365","volume":"51","author":"M Mulraney","year":"2017","unstructured":"Mulraney M, Zendarski N, Mensah F, Hiscock H, Sciberras E (2017) Do early internalizing and externalizing problems predict later irritability in adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder? Aust N Z J Psychiatry Apr 51(4):393\u2013402","journal-title":"Aust N Z J Psychiatry Apr"},{"issue":"4","key":"2823_CR27","first-page":"554","volume":"61","author":"LK Sorcher","year":"2022","unstructured":"Sorcher LK, Goldstein BL, Finsaas MC, Carlson GA, Klein DN, Dougherty LR (2022) Preschool irritability predicts adolescent psychopathology and functional impairment: A 12-Year prospective study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Apr 61(4):554\u2013564","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Apr"},{"key":"2823_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wolke D, James-Roberts IS (1987) Multi-Method Measurement of the Early Parent-Infant System with Easy and Difficult Newborns. In: Rauh H, Steinhausen H\u2011C (eds). Advances in Psychology. North-Holland, pp. 49\u201370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-4115(08)60345-3"},{"issue":"1","key":"2823_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.32.1.12","volume":"32","author":"R Seifer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Seifer R, Schiller M, Sameroff AJ, Resnick S, Riordan K (1996) Attachment, maternal sensitivity, and infant temperament during the first year of life. Dev Psychol 32(1):12\u201325","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"key":"2823_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wiggins JL, Rosario AU, MacNeill LA, et al (2023) Prevalence, stability, and predictive utility of the multidimensional assessment of preschoolers study clinically optimized irritability score: pragmatic early assessment of mental disorder risk. Int J Methods Psychiatric Research 32(S1):e1991","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.1991"},{"key":"2823_CR31","first-page":"611","volume":"1","author":"J Silver","year":"2024","unstructured":"Silver J, Sorcher L, Carlson GA, Dougherty LR, Klein DN (2024) Irritability across adolescence: examining longitudinal trajectory, stability, and associations with psychopathology and functioning at age 18. Int J Methods Jun 1:354:611\u2013618","journal-title":"Int J Methods Jun"},{"issue":"1","key":"2823_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191114533814","volume":"22","author":"S Holtzman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Holtzman S, O\u2019Connor BP, Barata PC, Stewart DE (2015) The brief irritability test (BITe): a measure of irritability for use among men and women. Assessment Feb 22(1):101\u2013115","journal-title":"Assessment Feb"},{"issue":"11","key":"2823_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02561.x","volume":"53","author":"A Stringaris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stringaris A, Goodman R, Ferdinando S et al (2012) The affective reactivity index: a concise irritability scale for clinical and research settings. J Child Psychol Psychiatry Nov 53(11):1109\u20131117","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry Nov"},{"key":"2823_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Li Y, Tian W, Liu P, Geng F (2023) A cross-sectional analysis of the relationships between anxiety sensitivity and youth irritability: the mediated roles of insomnia and selective attention for threat. BMC Psychiatry","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-023-05280-z"},{"issue":"6","key":"2823_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059","volume":"28","author":"CA Blevins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blevins CA, Weathers FW, Davis MT, Witte TK, Domino JL (2015) The posttraumatic stress disorder checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5): development and initial psychometric evaluation. J Trauma Stress Dec 28(6):489\u2013498","journal-title":"J Trauma Stress Dec"},{"issue":"1","key":"2823_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2022.2079797","volume":"24","author":"F Geng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Geng F, Liang Y, Zhan N, Wang J (2023) Prevalence,clinical features, and psychological characteristics of dissociative subtype of posttraumatic stress disorder in Chinese prisoners. J Trauma Dissociation Jan-Feb 24(1):63\u201378","journal-title":"J Trauma Dissociation Jan-Feb"},{"key":"2823_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2024.08.213","volume":"15","author":"N Zhan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhan N, Li F, Fung HW, Zhang K, Wang J, Geng F (2024) A symptom-level perspective on irritability, PTSD, and depression in children and adults. J Affect Disord Dec 15:367:606\u2013616","journal-title":"J Affect Disord Dec"},{"issue":"9","key":"2823_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x","volume":"16","author":"K Kroenke","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kroenke K, Spitzer RL, Williams JB (2001) The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. J Gen Intern Med 16(9):606\u2013613","journal-title":"J Gen Intern Med"},{"issue":"10","key":"2823_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.10.1092","volume":"22","author":"RL Spitzer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spitzer RL, Kroenke K, Williams JB, L\u00f6we B (2006) A brief measure for assessing generalized anxiety disorder: the GAD-7. Arch Intern Med May 22(10):1092\u20131097","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2823_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.02.007","volume":"15","author":"Y Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang Y, Zhan N, Zou J, Xie D, Liu M, Geng F (2022) The transmission of psychological distress and lifestyles from parents to children during COVID-19. J Affect Disord Apr 15:303:74\u201381","journal-title":"J Affect Disord Apr"},{"issue":"10","key":"2823_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199910000-00011","volume":"38","author":"B Birmaher","year":"1999","unstructured":"Birmaher B, Brent DA, Chiappetta L, Bridge J, Monga S, Baugher M (1999) Psychometric properties of the screen for child anxiety related emotional disorders (SCARED): a replication study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Oct 38(10):1230\u20131236","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Oct"},{"issue":"8","key":"2823_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-023-02345-y","volume":"33","author":"D Yuan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yuan D, Li Q, Zhan N et al (2024) Longitudinal associations of menstrual characteristics with mental health problems among Chinese girls. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Aug 33(8):2547\u20132556","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Aug"},{"issue":"2","key":"2823_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291704002892","volume":"35","author":"RC Kessler","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kessler RC, Adler L, Ames M et al (2005) The world health organization adult ADHD Self-Report scale (ASRS): a short screening scale for use in the general population. Psychol Med Feb 35(2):245\u2013256","journal-title":"Psychol Med Feb"},{"issue":"5","key":"2823_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-3955(05)70168-1","volume":"46","author":"J Swanson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Swanson J, Lerner M, March J, Gresham FM (1999) Assessment and intervention for attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder in the schools. Lessons from the MTA study. Pediatr Clin North Am Oct 46(5):993\u20131009","journal-title":"Pediatr Clin North Am Oct"},{"issue":"4","key":"2823_CR45","first-page":"55","volume":"3","author":"LT Hu","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hu LT, Bentler PM (1998) Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Model 3(4):55\u201361","journal-title":"Struct Equ Model"},{"issue":"2","key":"2823_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.01.018","volume":"63","author":"AL Finlay-Jones","year":"2024","unstructured":"Finlay-Jones AL, Ang JE, Brook J et al (2024) Systematic review and Meta-Analysis: early irritability as a transdiagnostic neurodevelopmental vulnerability to later mental health problems. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Feb 63(2):184\u2013215","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry Feb"},{"key":"2823_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2016.05.006","volume":"79","author":"LD Yuen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Yuen LD, Miller S, Wang PW et al (2016) Current irritability robustly related to current and prior anxiety in bipolar disorder. J Psychiatr Res Aug 79:101\u2013107","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res Aug"},{"issue":"5","key":"2823_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0b013e3181131fc7","volume":"28","author":"MA Bell","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bell MA, Deater-Deckard K (2007) Biological systems and the development of self-regulation: integrating behavior, genetics, and psychophysiology. J Dev Behav Pediatr Oct 28(5):409\u2013420","journal-title":"J Dev Behav Pediatr Oct"},{"issue":"10","key":"2823_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01303-x","volume":"28","author":"O Eyre","year":"2019","unstructured":"Eyre O, Riglin L, Leibenluft E, Stringaris A, Collishaw S, Thapar A (2019) Irritability in ADHD: association with later depression symptoms. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Oct 28(10):1375\u20131384","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry Oct"}],"container-title":["European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-025-02823-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-025-02823-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-025-02823-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T14:30:46Z","timestamp":1771425046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00787-025-02823-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["2823"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-025-02823-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 July 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 July 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}]}}