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This meta-analysis examined differences in early event-related potentials (ERP) and event-related fields (ERF) between autistic and non-autistic individuals using electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography to identify neurophysiological alterations that may underlie variations in sensory perception, communication, and social interaction in autism.\u00a0Following PRISMA guidelines, a database search was conducted for peer-reviewed studies published from January 1980 onwards. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed using the metafor package in R. Standardised mean-group differences in early ERP\/ERF latencies and amplitudes were analysed with moderator analyses exploring demographic and methodological factors, including neurophysiological technique, sensory modality, age group, sex, and language impairment.\u00a0145 studies (3778 autistic, 3484 non-autistic participants) were included. Autistic individuals exhibited significantly longer latencies in P\/M50 (SMD\u2009=\u20090.44; SE\u2009=\u20090.21; 95% CI 0.03\u20130.86;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.04), P\/M100 (SMD\u2009=\u20090.18; SE\u2009=\u20090.08; 95% CI 0.01\u20130.36;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.03), N170 (SMD\u2009=\u20090.33; SE\u2009=\u20090.12; 95% CI 0.10\u20130.56;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01), and P\/M200 (SMD\u2009=\u20090.30; SE\u2009=\u20090.09; 95% CI 0.12\u20130.48;\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.00) components. P\/M50 showed the greatest latency alteration, with an effect-size nearing medium, especially in individuals with language impairment (Q\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    (2)\u2009=\u20097.70,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.02), followed by N170 most notable in autistic adolescents and adults (Q\n                    <jats:sub>B<\/jats:sub>\n                    (3)\u2009=\u200912.30,\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20090.01). No significant amplitude alterations were found, and substantial heterogeneity was observed.\u00a0Neurophysiological characteristics of sensory processing in autism implicate multiple mechanisms and stages given prolonged P\/M50- and N170-latency (associated with sensory filtering challenges and social perception alterations, respectively). These component timings show potential as biomarkers, though heterogeneity and modest effect-sizes limit clinical application, highlighting the need for further research.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-025-02917-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]],"date-time":"2025-11-22T05:37:08Z","timestamp":1763789828000},"page":"767-784","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Neurophysiological alterations during sensory processing in autism - a meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-9138-0177","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anjuli","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalia","family":"Nasarre-Nacenta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9005-0084","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Baumeister","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6225-9267","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathalie E.","family":"Holz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4595-1144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tobias","family":"Banaschewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel","family":"Brandeis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1048-9044","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pascal-M.","family":"Aggensteiner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0001-6373-8278","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Kaiser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"2917_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (2022) Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental Disorders, DSM-5-TR. 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