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Behavioral parent training is an effective intervention for other children with disruptive behavior, but research in children with autism is relatively scarce. We here report the secondary outcomes of a three-arm randomized controlled trial, comparing face-to-face and blended parent training to a waitlist control condition for children with autism and disruptive behavior. We previously found that face-to-face, but not blended parent training, relative to waitlist control, significantly improved children\u2019s noncompliance and irritability. Knowledge about its effects on parental functioning and other domains of children\u2019s functioning is limited. Using linear regression analyses on an intention-to-treat basis, we investigated parent training effects on a range of parenting (parental satisfaction, parental efficacy, parenting stress, and lax, overreactive and verbose parenting styles) and child outcomes (hyperactivity, emotional problems, conduct problems, peer problems, prosocial behavior, and adaptive behavior). We found that face-to-face, but not blended parent training, improved parental self-efficacy and decreased overreactive parenting relative to the waitlist condition. We found no intervention effects of either parent training format on any of the other outcomes. Overall, our findings add to the evidence for face-to-face behavioral parent training as an effective intervention for disruptive behavior in children with autism by illustrating that not only children but also parents improve. This randomized controlled trial was registered in the Dutch Trial Register (#22,042).<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-026-02985-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]],"date-time":"2026-02-20T14:06:03Z","timestamp":1771596363000},"page":"1807-1817","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Behavioral parent training for disruptive behaviors in school-age children with autism: Secondary outcomes of a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Tycho J.","family":"Dekkers","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mandy","family":"Woelk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simone","family":"Breider","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter J.","family":"Hoekstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara J.","family":"van den Hoofdakker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Annelies","family":"de Bildt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"2985_CR1","volume-title":"Parenting Stress Index","author":"RR Abidin","year":"1995","unstructured":"Abidin RR (1995) Parenting Stress Index, 3rd ed. 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De Bildt receives royalties due to her authorship for the Dutch version of the ADOS, the proceeds of which go fully to Accare Child Study Center in Groningen, The Netherlands. Dekkers and Hoekstra are members of the steering committee of the European ADHD Network EUNETHYDIS, which receives funding from Medice and Takeda to promote educational activities. Non-financial interests: Van den Hoofdakker developed and evaluates several Dutch behavioral training programs for parents, teachers, and staff. All other authors have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}}]}}