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Parental symptoms might not, however, account for their lower achievement, as other familial factors might contribute. To examine the role of parental symptoms, we analyse data from 9,000 families in the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Study (MoBa). Parents reported their symptoms of anxiety, depression, ADHD, eating disorders, and alcohol use disorder during pregnancy and during their child\u2019s childhood. Children in 5th grade (aged 10) completed nationally-standardised tests of mathematics, reading comprehension, and English (as an additional language). Comparing children who are cousins (children-of-siblings design), we controlled for unmeasured factors shared among family members that confound the relationship between parental mental health and children\u2019s academic achievement. We found small associations between greater parental symptoms and lower scores in reading and mathematics (\u2212\u20090.060\u2009\u2264\u2009\u03b2 \u2264 \u22120.013). However, these associations were no longer significant when comparing cousins whose parents differ in mental health. Results suggest that parental symptoms do not exert a direct, clinically meaningful effect on children\u2019s academic achievement. Although non-significant, associations with parental symptoms measured close to the child\u2019s academic test are less attenuated than those measured during pregnancy. Notably, comparison between the overall MoBa sample and the children-of-siblings samples suggests ascertainment differences that hinder strong generalisations. Our findings underscore the importance of quasi-experimental family designs in identifying modifiable targets in intergenerational health and education research. Supporting parental mental health is crucial but its direct effect on children\u2019s achievement may be smaller than often thought.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-026-03100-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]],"date-time":"2026-06-24T10:10:29Z","timestamp":1782295829000},"page":"3427-3438","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["No evidence of parental mental health influencing children\u2019s academic achievement: a within-family study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7061-8354","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Perline A.","family":"Demange","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2015-1888","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michel G.","family":"Nivard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3984-5978","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fartein A.","family":"Torvik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3444-4251","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Espen M.","family":"Eilertsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6543-0402","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rosa","family":"Cheesman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1977-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Magnus","family":"Nordmo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7830-9305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Torkild","family":"Lyngstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4390-6171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eivind","family":"Ystrom","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5860-5745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elsje","family":"van Bergen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"3100_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e291","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(19)30059-3","volume":"4","author":"KM Abel","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abel KM, Hope H, Swift E, Parisi R, Ashcroft DM, Kosidou K, Osam CS, Dalman C, Pierce M (2019) Prevalence of maternal mental illness among children and adolescents in the UK between 2005 and 2017: a national retrospective cohort analysis. 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