{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T13:20:56Z","timestamp":1788355256980,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]],"date-time":"2026-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"the Beijing Natural Science Foundation","award":["7252048"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7252048"]}]},{"name":"the Noncommunicable Chronic Diseases-National Science and Technology\n                    Major Project","award":["2024ZD0532100, 2024ZD0532104"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2024ZD0532100, 2024ZD0532104"]}]},{"name":"the Key Technologies Research and Development Program","award":["2016YFC1000304"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016YFC1000304"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To examine associations of maternal early-pregnancy weight change, total\n                gestational weight gain (GWG), and mid-to-late pregnancy GWG rate (GWGR) with infant\n                neurodevelopment from 0\u20133 years. Utilizing data from the prospective Beijing\n                Birth Cohort Study, this study investigated 5,951 singleton mother\u2013infant\n                pairs. Infant neurodevelopment was assessed via Ages and Stages Questionnaires,\n                Third Edition (ASQ-3) at 2, 6, 8, 12, 18, 24, and 36 months. Latent trajectory\n                modeling identified domain-specific ASQ-3 trajectories. Multivariable logistic\n                regression evaluated associations of early-pregnancy weight loss, total GWG, and\n                GWGR with risk of developmental delay based on ASQ-3 screening thresholds and ASQ-3\n                low-score trajectories. Early-pregnancy weight loss was associated with increased\n                risks of infant developmental delay based on ASQ-3 screening thresholds in\n                problem-solving (aOR=1.565, 95% CI: 1.211\u20132.021) and personal-social\n                domains (aOR=1.222, 95% CI: 1.049\u20131.424), along with a higher\n                likelihood of following ASQ-3 low-score trajectories in problem-solving\n                domain(aOR=1.209, 95% CI: 1.008\u20131.451). Among women with\n                early-pregnancy weight loss, failure to achieve catch-up GWG correlated with less\n                favorable ASQ-3 screening outcomes and low-score trajectories across multiple\n                domains. Conversely, catch-up GWG after weight loss was only linked to\n                personal-social and problem-solving developmental delays respectively. Additionally,\n                excessive GWGR after weight loss also showed less favorable ASQ-3 screening outcomes\n                and trajectories. Among women with early-pregnancy weight loss, failure to achieve\n                catch-up GWG or having excessive GWGR was significantly associated with higher risk\n                of infant developmental delay based on ASQ-3 screening thresholds and adverse ASQ-3\n                low-score trajectories. However, adverse neurodevelopmental associations remained\n                present despite subsequent GWG within recommended ranges.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-026-03112-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:54:57Z","timestamp":1788353697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Impact of early-pregnancy weight loss and\n            catch-up weight gain on neurodevelopmental outcomes and trajectories in infants aged\n            0\u20133 years: the Beijing Birth Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0452-3129","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yixuan","family":"Lu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4162-3621","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kaiwen","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-5297-0000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ruihua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7474-4713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huiyuan","family":"Pang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9270-6489","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junhua","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-9224-7003","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ziyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-6069-8812","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Xincong","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0379-7361","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ya","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1260-1038","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuanyuan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9323-5663","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wei","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2290-1515","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guanghui","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"3112_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.2007.01809.x","volume":"261","author":"DJ Barker","year":"2007","unstructured":"Barker DJ (2007) The origins of the developmental origins theory. J\n                    Intern Med 261(5):412\u2013417","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"3112_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12061664","author":"M Muraoka","year":"2020","unstructured":"Muraoka M, Takagi K, Ueno M, Morita Y, Nagano H (2020) Fetal head\n                    growth during early to mid-gestation associated with weight gain in mothers with\n                    hyperemesis gravidarum: a retrospective cohort study. Nutrients 12(6):1664.\n                            https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu12061664","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"3112_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2022.03.052","volume":"227","author":"K Nijsten","year":"2022","unstructured":"Nijsten K, Jansen LAW, Limpens J, Finken MJJ, Koot MH, Grooten IJ,\n                    Roseboom TJ, Painter RC (2022) Long-term health outcomes of children born to\n                    mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J\n                    Obstet Gynecol 227(3):414-429.e417","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3112_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Demonceaux M, Werner O, Cadeau O, Guerra A, Roy A, Ferchaud-Roucher\n                    V, Baruteau AE (2025) Congenital heart diseases and neurodevelopmental\n                    disorders: new insights through the DOHaD hypothesis. JACC Basic Transl Sci\n                    10(8):101251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2025.01.022"},{"key":"3112_CR5","unstructured":"Obstetrics Group, Chinese Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology,\n                    Chinese Medical Association (2015) Expert consensus on the diagnosis and\n                    clinical management of hyperemesis gravidarum. Chin J Obstet Gynecol\n                    50(11):801\u2013804"},{"issue":"1","key":"3112_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-019-0110-3","volume":"5","author":"MS Fejzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fejzo MS, Trovik J, Grooten IJ, Sridharan K, Roseboom TJ, Vikanes\n                    A, Painter RC, Mullin PM (2019) Nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and hyperemesis\n                    gravidarum. Nat Rev Dis Primers 5(1):62","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers"},{"key":"3112_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2025.02.044","author":"S Pont","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pont S, Bond DM, Shand AW, Khan I, Paget S, Zoega H, Nassar N\n                    (2025) Long-term health, neurodevelopmental, and educational outcomes of\n                    children born to mothers with hyperemesis gravidarum: a population-based\n                    sibling-design record linkage cohort study. Am J Obstet Gynecol\n                    233(4):325.e1\u2013325.e20.\n                            https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2025.02.044","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3112_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reprotox.2018.06.008","volume":"79","author":"G Koren","year":"2018","unstructured":"Koren G, Ornoy A, Berkovitch M (2018) Hyperemesis gravidarum-is it\n                    a cause of abnormal fetal brain development? Reprod Toxicol\n                    79:84\u201388","journal-title":"Reprod Toxicol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3112_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954422421000305","volume":"35","author":"K Maslin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Maslin K, Dean C (2022) Nutritional consequences and management of\n                    hyperemesis gravidarum: a narrative review. Nutr Res Rev\n                    35(2):308\u2013318","journal-title":"Nutr Res Rev"},{"key":"3112_CR10","unstructured":"Institute of M, National Research Council Committee to Reexamine\n                    IOMPWG (2009) The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National\n                    Institutes of Health. In: Weight Gain During Pregnancy: Reexamining the\n                    Guidelines. edn. Edited by Rasmussen KM, Yaktine AL. Washington (DC): National\n                    Academies Press (US)Copyright \u00a9 2009, National Academy of\n                    Sciences."},{"issue":"9","key":"3112_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3843","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-024-05647-8","volume":"183","author":"N Auger","year":"2024","unstructured":"Auger N, Padda B, B\u00e9gin P, Brousseau \u00c9,\n                    C\u00f4t\u00e9-Corriveau G (2024) Hyperemesis gravidarum and the risk of\n                    offspring morbidity: a longitudinal cohort study. Eur J Pediatr\n                    183(9):3843\u20133851","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3112_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02429-7","volume":"20","author":"JA Mart\u00ednez-Hortelano","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Hortelano JA, \u00c1lvarez-Bueno C,\n                    Cavero-Redondo I, Herr\u00e1iz-Adillo \u00c1, Berlanga-Mac\u00edas C,\n                    Mart\u00ednez-Vizca\u00edno V (2020) Gestational weight gain and offspring's\n                    cognitive skills: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Pediatr\n                    20(1):533","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"issue":"21","key":"3112_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.3635","volume":"317","author":"RF Goldstein","year":"2017","unstructured":"Goldstein RF, Abell SK, Ranasinha S, Misso M, Boyle JA, Black MH,\n                    Li N, Hu G, Corrado F, Rode L et al (2017) Association of gestational weight\n                    gain with maternal and infant outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.\n                    JAMA 317(21):2207\u20132225","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3112_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2023.105360","volume":"153","author":"D Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu D, Li Y, Chen L, Klein M, Franke B, Chen J, Buitelaar J (2023)\n                    Maternal gestational weight gain and offspring's neurodevelopmental outcomes: a\n                    systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosci Biobehav Rev\n                    153:105360","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"3112_CR15","unstructured":"Standard of Recommendation for Weight Gain during Pregnancy Period\n                    (2022) Biomed Environ Sci 35(10):875\u2013877"},{"key":"3112_CR16","volume-title":"ASQ-3 user's guide","author":"J Squires","year":"2009","unstructured":"Squires J, Twombly E, Bricker DD, Potter L (2009) ASQ-3 user's\n                    guide. Paul H. Brookes Publishing Co., Baltimore, MD"},{"issue":"10","key":"3112_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2022.3079","volume":"176","author":"S Muthusamy","year":"2022","unstructured":"Muthusamy S, Wagh D, Tan J, Bulsara M, Rao S (2022) Utility of the\n                    Ages and Stages Questionnaire to identify developmental delay in children aged\n                    12 to 60 months: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr\n                    176(10):980\u2013989","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatr"},{"issue":"1","key":"3112_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-081122-012416","volume":"20","author":"DS Nagin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nagin DS, Jones BL, Elmer J (2024) Recent advances in group-based\n                    trajectory modeling for clinical research. Annu Rev Clin Psychol\n                    20(1):285\u2013305","journal-title":"Annu Rev Clin Psychol"},{"issue":"2-3","key":"3112_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1159\/000360229","volume":"65","author":"DS Nagin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nagin DS (2014) Group-based trajectory modeling: an overview. Ann\n                    Nutr Metab 65(2\u20133):205\u2013210","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"issue":"3","key":"3112_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04232-7","volume":"181","author":"N Motoki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Motoki N, Inaba Y, Shibazaki T, Misawa Y, Ohira S, Kanai M, Kurita\n                    H, Tsukahara T, Nomiyama T (2022) Insufficient maternal gestational weight gain\n                    and infant neurodevelopment at 12 months of age: the Japan Environment and\n                    Children's Study. Eur J Pediatr 181(3):921\u2013931","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"issue":"6","key":"3112_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1286","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.70172","volume":"133","author":"W Liu","year":"2026","unstructured":"Liu W, Wang X, Wu F, Ye X, Su J, Xu H, Li L, Fang F, Liu M, Zhang Q\n                    et al (2026) Gestational weight gain and early child neurodevelopment:\n                    prospective cohort study. BJOG 133(6):1286\u20131296","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"1","key":"3112_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-023-02799-6","volume":"21","author":"S Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen S, Fan M, Lee BK, Dalman C, Karlsson H, Gardner RM (2023)\n                    Rates of maternal weight gain over the course of pregnancy and offspring risk of\n                    neurodevelopmental disorders. BMC Med 21(1):108","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"3112_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071628","author":"M Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li M, Francis E, Hinkle SN, Ajjarapu AS, Zhang C (2019)\n                    Preconception and prenatal nutrition and neurodevelopmental disorders: a\n                    systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutrients 11(7):1628.\n                            https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11071628","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"6","key":"3112_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3818","volume":"16","author":"TL Bale","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bale TL (2015) Epigenetic and transgenerational reprogramming of\n                    brain development. Nat Rev Neurosci 16(6):332\u2013344","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"3112_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346.e341","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2017.05.013","volume":"217","author":"SJ Pugh","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pugh SJ, Albert PS, Kim S, Grobman W, Hinkle SN, Newman RB, Wing\n                    DA, Grantz KL (2017) Patterns of gestational weight gain and birthweight\n                    outcomes in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and\n                    Human Development Fetal Growth Studies-Singletons: a prospective study. Am J\n                    Obstet Gynecol 217(3):346.e341-346.e311","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3112_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-016777","volume":"7","author":"TC Borge","year":"2017","unstructured":"Borge TC, Aase H, Brants\u00e6ter AL, Biele G (2017) The\n                    importance of maternal diet quality during pregnancy on cognitive and\n                    behavioural outcomes in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ\n                    Open 7(9):e016777","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"3","key":"3112_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.112.045781","volume":"97","author":"JF Gould","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gould JF, Smithers LG, Makrides M (2013) The effect of maternal\n                    omega-3 (n-3) LCPUFA supplementation during pregnancy on early childhood\n                    cognitive and visual development: a systematic review and meta-analysis of\n                    randomized controlled trials. Am J Clin Nutr\n                    97(3):531\u2013544","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"7","key":"3112_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2018.17070836","volume":"175","author":"R Freedman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Freedman R, Hunter SK, Hoffman MC (2018) Prenatal primary\n                    prevention of mental illness by micronutrient supplements in pregnancy. Am J\n                    Psychiatry 175(7):607\u2013619","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3112_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2023.04.026","volume":"118","author":"NC Freitas-Costa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Freitas-Costa NC, Andrade PG, Normando P, Nunes KSS, Raymundo CE,\n                    Castro IRR, Lacerda EMA, Farias DR, Kac G (2023) Association of development\n                    quotient with nutritional status of vitamins B6, B12, and folate in\n                    6-59-month-old children: results from the Brazilian National Survey on Child\n                    Nutrition (ENANI-2019). Am J Clin Nutr 118(1):162\u2013173","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"3112_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030532","author":"M Roberts","year":"2022","unstructured":"Roberts M, Tolar-Peterson T, Reynolds A, Wall C, Reeder N, Rico\n                    Mendez G (2022) The effects of nutritional interventions on the cognitive\n                    development of preschool-age children: a systematic review. Nutrients 14(3):532.\n                            https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14030532","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"3","key":"3112_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyv081","volume":"44","author":"RM Gardner","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gardner RM, Lee BK, Magnusson C, Rai D, Frisell T, Karlsson H,\n                    Idring S, Dalman C (2015) Maternal body mass index during early pregnancy,\n                    gestational weight gain, and risk of autism spectrum disorders: results from a\n                    Swedish total population and discordant sibling study. Int J Epidemiol\n                    44(3):870\u2013883","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3112_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14214613","author":"X Hao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hao X, Lu J, Yan S, Tao F, Huang K (2022) Maternal pre-pregnancy\n                    body mass index, gestational weight gain and children's cognitive development: a\n                    birth cohort study. Nutrients 14(21):4613.\n                            https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14214613","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"5","key":"3112_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kws239","volume":"177","author":"SH Gage","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gage SH, Lawlor DA, Tilling K, Fraser A (2013) Associations of\n                    maternal weight gain in pregnancy with offspring cognition in childhood and\n                    adolescence: findings from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children.\n                    Am J Epidemiol 177(5):402\u2013410","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"3112_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Motoki N, Inaba Y, Shibazaki T, Misawa Y, Ohira S, Kanai M, Kurita\n                    H, Tsukahara T, Nomiyama T, Kamijima M et al (2021) Insufficient maternal\n                    gestational weight gain and infant neurodevelopment at 12 months of age: the\n                    Japan Environment and Children's Study. Eur J Pediatr\n                    181(3):921\u2013931","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-021-04232-7"},{"key":"3112_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2023.1165743","author":"X Dong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Dong X, Zhou A (2023) Associations of maternal pre-pregnancy body\n                    mass index and gestational weight gain with risk of offspring neurodevelopment\n                    at 2 years: a Chinese birth cohort study. Front Pediatr 11:1165743.\n                            https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fped.2023.1165743","journal-title":"Front Pediatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"3112_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e3182289f42","volume":"118","author":"DE Durie","year":"2011","unstructured":"Durie DE, Thornburg LL, Glantz JC (2011) Effect of second-trimester\n                    and third-trimester rate of gestational weight gain on maternal and neonatal\n                    outcomes. Obstet Gynecol 118(3):569\u2013575","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"3112_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-019-0386-z","volume":"16","author":"X Wang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhang X, Zhou M, Juan J, Wang X (2019) Association of\n                    prepregnancy body mass index, rate of gestational weight gain with pregnancy\n                    outcomes in Chinese urban women. Nutr Metab (Lond) 16:54","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)"},{"issue":"4","key":"3112_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"502.e501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2014.12.038","volume":"212","author":"M Karachaliou","year":"2015","unstructured":"Karachaliou M, Georgiou V, Roumeliotaki T, Chalkiadaki G, Daraki V,\n                    Koinaki S, Dermitzaki E, Sarri K, Vassilaki M, Kogevinas M et al (2015)\n                    Association of trimester-specific gestational weight gain with fetal growth,\n                    offspring obesity, and cardiometabolic traits in early childhood. Am J Obstet\n                    Gynecol 212(4):502.e501-514","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"18","key":"3112_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3304","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980020002372","volume":"23","author":"HY Yong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yong HY, Mohd Shariff Z, Appannah G, Rejali Z, Mohd Yusof BN,\n                    Bindels J, Tee YYS, van der Beek EM (2020) Rate of gestational weight gain\n                    trajectory is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Public Health Nutr\n                    23(18):3304\u20133314","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"issue":"5","key":"3112_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1432","DOI":"10.2337\/dc13-2265","volume":"37","author":"AC Estampador","year":"2014","unstructured":"Estampador AC, Pomeroy J, Renstr\u00f6m F, Nelson SM, Mogren I,\n                    Persson M, Sattar N, Domell\u00f6f M, Franks PW (2014) Infant body composition\n                    and adipokine concentrations in relation to maternal gestational weight gain.\n                    Diabetes Care 37(5):1432\u20131438","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"3112_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1089\/chi.2021.0288","volume":"18","author":"H Xu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Xu H, Wu L, Lu H, Sun Y, Wu D, He Y, Yu L, Peng H, Li H (2022)\n                    Relationship between gestational weight gain rate trajectory and overweight in\n                    offspring at three years of age. Child Obes\n                    18(8):540\u2013547","journal-title":"Child Obes"},{"key":"3112_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020280","author":"J Hu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hu J, Aris IM, Oken E, Ma Y, Ding N, Gao M, Wei X, Wen D (2019)\n                    Association of total and trimester-specific gestational weight gain rate with\n                    early infancy weight status: a prospective birth cohort study in China.\n                    Nutrients 11(2):280.\n                            https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu11020280","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"2","key":"3112_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e734","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab655","volume":"107","author":"KL Lindsay","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lindsay KL, Gyllenhammer LE, Entringer S, Wadhwa PD (2022) Rate of\n                    gestational weight gain and glucose-insulin metabolism among Hispanic pregnant\n                    women with overweight and obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab\n                    107(2):e734\u2013e744","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"}],"container-title":["European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-026-03112-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-026-03112-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-026-03112-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T12:54:59Z","timestamp":1788353699000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00787-026-03112-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["3112"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-026-03112-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"30 December 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards\n                    of the Beijing Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Capital Medical University,\n                    China. The study protocol was approved by the hospital's Ethics Committee\n                    (Approval No. 2018-KY-009\u201301 and Approval No.\n                    2025-KY-026\u201301).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Informed written consent was obtained from all individual\n                    participants included in the study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors report no conflict of interest.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclosure statement","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This paper, in whole or in part, has not been presented or accepted\n                    for presentation at a scientific meeting.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Presentation information","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","label":"Clinical trial registration","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":6,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}