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They are meant to serve as useful tools for therapeutic purposes. Diagnoses, however, can also have unintended consequences, like stigmatization and exposure to unnecessary treatment. We here bring attention to the need to assess the potential benefits and harms of psychiatric diagnoses in children and adolescents in situations of uncertainty about the presence of underlying psychopathology on the edge between normalcy and psychopathology. In particular, considerations are being made regarding ADHD, clinical high risk for psychosis, and suicidal behavior. The risk of stigmatization from psychiatric diagnoses and the possible negative unintended consequences of increasing public mental health awareness and self-diagnosis are discussed. Given that formulating a diagnosis can be considered in itself a therapeutic intervention, the potential benefits and harms of formulating psychiatric diagnoses warrant systematic assessment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-026-03130-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]],"date-time":"2026-07-23T11:45:45Z","timestamp":1784807145000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Psychiatric diagnosis on the edge: is there evidence of benefit?"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Benedetto","family":"Vitiello","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnstein","family":"Mykletun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Armando","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Davico","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara","family":"Carucci","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniele","family":"Marcotulli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konstantin","family":"Drexl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tore","family":"Hofstad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sanjaya","family":"Sehdev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tobias","family":"Banaschewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"3130_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1289157","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1289157","volume":"14","author":"T Banaschewski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Banaschewski T, Hage A, Hohmann S, Mechler K (2023) Perspectives on ADHD in children and adolescents as a social construct amidst rising prevalence of diagnosis and medication use. 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DM received consultant honoraria from Angelini (Ethos). SC reportscollaboration on projects from the EU Seventh Framework Programme, Era-Net Neuron and connect4children and on clinical trials sponsored by Bioproject, Janssen-Cilag, and Lundbeck; personal fees and travel support from Ecupharma and Medice; advisory boards for Lundbeck and Neuraxpharm. The present work is unrelated to these relationships. TB served in an advisory or consultancy role for AGB pharma, Infectopharm, Medice, Neuraxpharm, Neurim Pharmaceuticals, Oberberg GmbH and Takeda. He received conference support or speaker\u2019s fee by AGB pharma, Janssen-Cilag, Medice, Oberberg GmbH and Takeda. He received royalties from Hogrefe, Kohlhammer, Psychosozial Verlag, Oxford University Press; the present work is unrelated to these relationships. The other authors report no potential conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Disclosures","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}