{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:40:39Z","timestamp":1792701639391,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792627200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Childhood dysregulation profile (DP) involves co-occurring difficulties regulating emotions, behaviour and cognitions, and is associated with adverse outcomes. However, its early predictors are not well understood. We examined child- and family-related predictors of borderline and clinical DP symptoms at ages 5 and 8 years. Participants were 3,467 children from the UK Household Longitudinal Study. Parents reported on early child-related factors (infant regulatory problems, age 3 temperament and screen media use), prenatal exposures (smoking, alcohol) and postnatal family factors (parental psychological distress, stimulating home environment), and DP symptoms at ages 5 and 8 years. Hierarchical logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine predictors of borderline and clinical DP symptoms and their persistence over time. Negative affect at age 3 predicted borderline and clinical DP symptoms at ages 5 and 8 years, as well as symptom persistence. Other child-related predictors included impulsivity, impatience and irregularity, whereas family-related factors were not consistent predictors. These findings highlight the role of child temperament, particularly negative affect, in the development and persistence of dysregulation symptoms. Early identification of temperament-based risk factors may support targeted interventions to strengthen children\u2019s self-regulation skills before dysregulation difficulties become more persistent and difficult to modify.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-026-03221-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T07:42:34Z","timestamp":1792654954000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early predictors of the childhood dysregulation profile from ages 5 to 8: evidence from the UK household study"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"Elzbieta","family":"Vitkauskaite","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9502-5814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ayten","family":"Bilgin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"3221_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.08.006","volume":"49","author":"RR Althoff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Althoff RR, Verhulst FC, Rettew DC, Hudziak JJ, van der Ende J (2010) Adult Outcomes of Childhood Dysregulation: A 14-year Follow-up Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 49(11):1105\u20131116e1101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2010.08.006","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"3221_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.04.012","volume":"54","author":"SB Geeraerts","year":"2015","unstructured":"Geeraerts SB, Deutz MHF, Dekovi\u0107 M, Bunte T, Schoemaker K, Espy KA, Prinzie P, van Baar A, Matthys W (2015) The Child Behavior Checklist Dysregulation Profile in Preschool Children: A Broad Dysregulation Syndrome. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 54(7):595\u2013602e592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2015.04.012","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"3221_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-013-9813-1","volume":"42","author":"C Winsper","year":"2014","unstructured":"Winsper C, Wolke D (2014) Infant and Toddler Crying, Sleeping and Feeding Problems and Trajectories of Dysregulated Behavior Across Childhood. J Abnorm Child Psychol 42(5):831\u2013843. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-013-9813-1","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"9","key":"3221_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1174","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000564","volume":"30","author":"MHF Deutz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Deutz MHF, Shi Q, Vossen HGM, Huijding J, Prinzie P, Dekovi\u0107 M, van Baar AL, Woltering S (2018) Evaluation of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire-Dysregulation Profile (SDQ-DP). Psychol Assess 30(9):1174\u20131185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pas0000564","journal-title":"Psychol Assess"},{"issue":"5","key":"3221_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1159\/000360822","volume":"47","author":"JJ Carballo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Carballo JJ, Serrano-Drozdowskyj E, Garc\u00eda Nieto R, D\u00edaz de Neira-Hernando M, P\u00e9rez-Fominaya M, Molina-Pizarro CA, De Le\u00f3n-Mart\u00ednez V, Baca-Garc\u00eda E (2014) Prevalence and Correlates of Psychopathology in Children and Adolescents Evaluated with the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire Dysregulation Profile in a Clinical Setting. Psychopathology 47(5):303\u2013311. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000360822","journal-title":"Psychopathology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3221_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-015-0745-x","volume":"25","author":"MHF Deutz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Deutz MHF, Geeraerts SB, van Baar AL, Dekovi\u0107 M, Prinzie P (2016) The Dysregulation Profile in middle childhood and adolescence across reporters: factor structure, measurement invariance, and links with self-harm and suicidal ideation. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 25(4):431\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-015-0745-x","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"3221_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2015.05.069","volume":"186","author":"G Masi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Masi G, Pisano S, Milone A, Muratori P (2015) Child behavior checklist dysregulation profile in children with disruptive behavior disorders: A longitudinal study. J Affect Disord 186:249\u2013253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2015.05.069","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"3221_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Caro-Ca\u00f1izares I, Garc\u00eda-Nieto R, Carballo JJ (2015) Biological and environmental predictors of the dysregulation profile in children and adolescents: the story so far. 27(2):135\u2013141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/ijamh-2015-5004. (International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health)","DOI":"10.1515\/ijamh-2015-5004"},{"key":"3221_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-026-00557-7","author":"E Vitkauskaite","year":"2026","unstructured":"Vitkauskaite E, Bilgin A (2026) Early Predictors of the Childhood Dysregulation Profile: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-026-00557-7","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"3221_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cicchetti D (2016) Developmental psychopathology, Maladaptation and psychopathology, vol 3. Wiley","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802456-0.00001-7"},{"key":"3221_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"University of Essex (2025) Understanding Society: Waves 1\u201315, 2009\u20132024 and Harmonised BHPS: Waves 1\u201318, 1991\u20132009. [data collection]. (Version 20th). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5255\/UKDA-SN-6614-21","DOI":"10.5255\/UKDA-SN-6614-21"},{"key":"3221_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Benzeval M (2020) Understanding families\u2019 lives across the lifecourse: the value of panel studies. Understanding society: The UK Household longitudinal study. In: Falkingham J, Evandrou M, Vlachantoni A (eds) Handbook on Demographic change and the Lifecourse. Edgar Elgar Publishing, pp 105\u2013121","DOI":"10.4337\/9781788974875.00015"},{"key":"3221_CR13","unstructured":"Office for National Statistics (2023) Male and female populations. Retrieved April 1st 2025 from https:\/\/www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk\/uk-population-by-ethnicity\/demographics\/male-and-female-populations\/latest\/#download-the-data"},{"issue":"5","key":"3221_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","volume":"38","author":"R Goodman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goodman R (1997) The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: A Research Note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 38(5):581\u2013586. https:\/\/doi.org\/https:\/\/doi.https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3221_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-023-03837-1","volume":"23","author":"E M\u00f8lland","year":"2023","unstructured":"M\u00f8lland E, Haraldstad K, Abildsnes E, H\u00e5land \u00c5T, K\u00f6pp UMS, Fegran L, Westergren T (2023) Use of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire in child and school health services among children aged 4 and 6 years in Southern Norway: clinical considerations. BMC Pediatr 23(1):30. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12887-023-03837-1","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"3221_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.04.002","volume":"109","author":"A Bilgin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bilgin A, Wolke D (2017) Development of comorbid crying, sleeping, feeding problems across infancy: Neurodevelopmental vulnerability and parenting. Early Hum Dev 109:37\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2017.04.002","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"1","key":"3221_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1017\/s0033291796004242","volume":"27","author":"DP Goldberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goldberg DP, Gater R, Sartorius N, Ustun TB, Piccinelli M, Gureje O, Rutter C (1997) The validity of two versions of the GHQ in the WHO study of mental illness in general health care. Psychol Med 27(1):191\u2013197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0033291796004242","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"3221_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106407","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2025.106407","volume":"211","author":"A Bilgin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bilgin A (2025) Mental health and peer relationship problems in preterm born adolescents: Which factors predict absence of symptoms? Early Hum Dev 211:106407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2025.106407","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"5","key":"3221_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2024.2380427","volume":"26","author":"A Bilgin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Bilgin A, Morales-Mu\u00f1oz I, Winsper C, Wolke D (2024) Associations between bed-sharing in infancy and childhood internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Attach Hum Dev 26(5):403\u2013422. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14616734.2024.2380427","journal-title":"Attach Hum Dev"},{"key":"3221_CR20","unstructured":"StataCorp (2023) Stata 18. In StataCorp LLC"},{"key":"3221_CR21","unstructured":"Aiken LS, West SG (1991) Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Sage Publications, Inc."},{"issue":"9","key":"3221_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.06.009","volume":"56","author":"P Patalay","year":"2017","unstructured":"Patalay P, Moulton V, Goodman A, Ploubidis GB (2017) Cross-Domain Symptom Development Typologies and Their Antecedents: Results From the UK Millennium Cohort Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 56(9):765\u2013776e762. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.06.009","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"7","key":"3221_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2229","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02634-0","volume":"34","author":"A Bilgin","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bilgin A, Sloan S, Neville RD (2025) Is the association between infant regulatory problems and trajectories of childhood co-developing internalizing and externalizing symptoms moderated by early screen media exposure? Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34(7):2229\u20132239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-024-02634-0","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"3221_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1349","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-019-01444-z","volume":"29","author":"M Aebi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Aebi M, Winkler Metzke C, Steinhausen H-C (2020) Predictors and outcomes of self-reported dysregulation profiles in youth from age 11 to 21 years. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 29(10):1349\u20131361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-019-01444-z","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3221_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01689-z","volume":"31","author":"J Asmussen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Asmussen J, Skovgaard AM, Bilenberg N (2022) Trajectories of dysregulation in preschool age. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 31(2):313\u2013324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-020-01689-z","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3221_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-019-00916-2","volume":"51","author":"MHF Deutz","year":"2020","unstructured":"Deutz MHF, Geeraerts SB, Belsky J, Dekovi\u0107 M, van Baar AL, Prinzie P, Patalay P (2020) General Psychopathology and Dysregulation Profile in a Longitudinal Community Sample: Stability, Antecedents and Outcomes. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 51(1):114\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10578-019-00916-2","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"3221_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579417001572","volume":"30","author":"ME McQuillan","year":"2018","unstructured":"McQuillan ME, Kultur EC, Bates JE, O\u2019Reilly LM, Dodge KA, Lansford JE, Pettit GS (2018) Dysregulation in children: Origins and implications from age 5 to age 28. Dev Psychopathol 30(2):695\u2013713. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0954579417001572","journal-title":"Dev Psychopathol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3221_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0272107","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272107","volume":"19","author":"LA Rutter","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rutter LA, Thij T, Lorenzo-Luaces M, Valdez L, D., Bollen J (2024) Negative affect variability differs between anxiety and depression on social media. PLoS ONE 19(2):e0272107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0272107","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"3221_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.5498\/wjp.v5.i1.112","volume":"5","author":"D Barzman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Barzman D, Geise C, Lin PI (2015) Review of the genetic basis of emotion dysregulation in children and adolescents. World J Psychiatry 5(1):112\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5498\/wjp.v5.i1.112","journal-title":"World J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"3221_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1007\/s10802-012-9681-0","volume":"41","author":"AJ Mikolajewski","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mikolajewski AJ, Allan NP, Hart SA, Lonigan CJ, Taylor J (2013) Negative affect shares genetic and environmental influences with symptoms of childhood internalizing and externalizing disorders. J Abnorm Child Psychol 41(3):411\u2013423. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10802-012-9681-0","journal-title":"J Abnorm Child Psychol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"3221_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S95","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbad130","volume":"51","author":"N Barrantes-Vidal","year":"2025","unstructured":"Barrantes-Vidal N, Torrecilla P, Mas-Bermejo P, Papiol S, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ, van IMH, Jolicoeur-Martineau A, Kwapil TR, Rosa A (2025) Genetic Susceptibility to the Environment Moderates the Impact of Childhood Experiences on Psychotic, Depressive, and Anxiety Dimensions. Schizophr Bull 51(Suppl 2):S95\u2013s106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/schbul\/sbad130","journal-title":"Schizophr Bull"},{"issue":"1","key":"3221_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1080\/08039488.2021.1936167","volume":"76","author":"B Wang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Wang B, Becker A, Kaelble C, Rothenberger A, Uebel-von Sandersleben H (2022) Dysregulation profile (DP) as a transdiagnostic psychopathological factor in clinically referred children - comparisons between disorders and latent structure. Nord J Psychiatry 76(1):71\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08039488.2021.1936167","journal-title":"Nord J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3221_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13155","volume":"91","author":"A Bilgin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bilgin A, Baumann N, Jaekel J, Breeman LD, Bartmann P, B\u00e4uml JG, Wolke D (2020) Early crying, sleeping, and feeding problems and trajectories of attention problems from childhood to adulthood. Child Dev 91(1):77\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.13155","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"issue":"2","key":"3221_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.01.018","volume":"63","author":"AL Finlay-Jones","year":"2024","unstructured":"Finlay-Jones AL, Ang JE, Brook J, Lucas JD, MacNeill LA, Mancini VO, Kottampally K, Elliott C, Smith JD, Wakschlag LS (2024) Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Early Irritability as a Transdiagnostic Neurodevelopmental Vulnerability to Later Mental Health Problems. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 63(2):184\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jaac.2023.01.018","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"3221_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pedn.2023.03.010","volume":"72","author":"H Adynski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Adynski H, Propper C, Beeber L, Gilmore JH, Zou B, Santos HP Jr. (2023) The role of social adversity on emotional dysregulation during infancy and early childhood. J Pediatr Nurs 72:26\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pedn.2023.03.010","journal-title":"J Pediatr Nurs"},{"issue":"sup1","key":"3221_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1563432","DOI":"10.1080\/17482631.2018.1563432","volume":"13","author":"J Robson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Robson J, Kuczynski L (2018) Deconstructing noncompliance: parental experiences of children\u2019s challenging behaviours in a clinical sample. Int J Qualitative Stud Health Well-being 13(sup1):1563432. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17482631.2018.1563432","journal-title":"Int J Qualitative Stud Health Well-being"},{"key":"3221_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sameroff A (2009) The transactional model of development: How children and contexts shape each other. Am. Psychol. Assoc.","DOI":"10.1037\/11877-000"},{"key":"3221_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2025.108169","volume":"170","author":"X Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang X, Xie R, Ding W, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhang R, Li W (2025) Bidirectional longitudinal relationships between parents\u2019 dysregulation, children\u2019s emotion regulation and children\u2019s internalizing problem. Child Youth Serv Rev 170:108169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2025.108169","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"3221_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02546.x","volume":"53","author":"J Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim J, Carlson GA, Meyer SE, Bufferd SJ, Dougherty LR, Dyson MW, Laptook RS, Olino TM, Klein DN (2012) Correlates of the CBCL-dysregulation profile in preschool-aged children. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 53(9):918\u2013926. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2012.02546.x","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"key":"3221_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2018.07.009","volume":"124","author":"LD Breeman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Breeman LD, Jaekel J, Baumann N, Bartmann P, B\u00e4uml JG, Avram M, Sorg C, Wolke D (2018) Infant regulatory problems, parenting quality and childhood attention problems. Early Hum Dev 124:11\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2018.07.009","journal-title":"Early Hum Dev"},{"issue":"8","key":"3221_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1242","DOI":"10.1037\/dev0001231","volume":"57","author":"MC Diemer","year":"2021","unstructured":"Diemer MC, Trevi\u00f1o MS, Gerstein ED (2021) Contextualizing the role of intrusive parenting in toddler behavior problems and emotion regulation: Is more always worse? Dev Psychol 57(8):1242\u20131253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/dev0001231","journal-title":"Dev Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"3221_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-023-00452-5","volume":"27","author":"J Zitzmann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zitzmann J, Rombold-George L, Rosenbach C, Renneberg B (2024) Emotion Regulation, Parenting, and Psychopathology: A Systematic Review. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 27(1):1\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-023-00452-5","journal-title":"Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev"},{"key":"3221_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bilgin A, Wolke D (2016) Regulatory Problems in very preterm and full-term infants over the first 18 months. J Dev Behav Pediatr, 37(4):298\u2013305.","DOI":"10.1097\/DBP.0000000000000297"},{"key":"3221_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e41804","DOI":"10.2196\/41804","volume":"11","author":"M Augustin","year":"2023","unstructured":"Augustin M, Licata-Dandel M, Breeman LD, Harrer M, Bilgin A, Wolke D, Mall V, Ziegler M, Ebert DD, Friedmann A (2023) Effects of a Mobile-Based Intervention for Parents of Children With Crying, Sleeping, and Feeding Problems: Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 11:e41804. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/41804","journal-title":"JMIR Mhealth Uhealth"},{"key":"3221_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1534024","DOI":"10.3389\/frcha.2024.1534024","volume":"3","author":"AK Georg","year":"2024","unstructured":"Georg AK, Jaekel J, Bilgin A (2024) Editorial: Regulatory problems and disorders in early childhood: aetiology, contextual factors, developmental outcomes and pathways, and treatment options. Front Child Adolesc Psychiatry 3:1534024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/frcha.2024.1534024","journal-title":"Front Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"3221_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-020-01498-4","volume":"30","author":"B Moltrecht","year":"2021","unstructured":"Moltrecht B, Deighton J, Patalay P, Edbrooke-Childs J (2021) Effectiveness of current psychological interventions to improve emotion regulation in youth: a meta-analysis. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 30(6):829\u2013848. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-020-01498-4","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"3221_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.invent.2023.100700","volume":"35","author":"M Augustin","year":"2024","unstructured":"Augustin M, Wenzel AS, Licata-Dandel M, Breeman LD, Bilgin A, Wolke D, Ziegler M, Mall V, Friedmann A (2024) App-based intervention for parents of children with crying, sleeping, and feeding problems: Usability, usefulness and implications for improvement. Internet Interventions 35:100700. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.invent.2023.100700","journal-title":"Internet Interventions"},{"issue":"6","key":"3221_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2158","DOI":"10.1002\/icd.2158","volume":"28","author":"R Jusien\u0117","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jusien\u0117 R, Breidokien\u0117 R (2019) Preschoolers\u2019 self-regulation and developmental trajectories of sleep problems in early childhood. Infant Child Dev 28(6):e2158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/icd.2158","journal-title":"Infant Child Dev"},{"key":"3221_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.02.020","volume":"185","author":"D Wolke","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wolke D, Bilgin A, Samara M (2017) Systematic review and meta-analysis: fussing and crying durations and prevalence of colic in infants. J Pediatr 185:55\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpeds.2017.02.020","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"issue":"2","key":"3221_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/dev.22365","volume":"65","author":"RD Eiden","year":"2023","unstructured":"Eiden RD, Ettekal I, Zhao J, Kelm MR, Nickerson AB, Ostrov JM, Godleski S (2023) Prenatal substance exposure, early-life adversity, and parenting: Associations with adolescent stress response. Dev Psychobiol 65(2):1\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/dev.22365","journal-title":"Dev Psychobiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3221_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1007\/s00787-024-02494-8","volume":"34","author":"E Reyentanz","year":"2025","unstructured":"Reyentanz E, Gerlach J, Kuitunen-Paul S, Golub Y (2025) Systematic review: the impact of maternal pre-and postnatal cannabis use on the behavioral and emotional regulation in early childhood. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 34(2):423\u2013463. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-024-02494-8","journal-title":"Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-026-03221-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-026-03221-1","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00787-026-03221-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T20:03:04Z","timestamp":1792699384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00787-026-03221-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["3221"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00787-026-03221-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"5 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"9 October 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 October 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Predictors of Childhood Dysregulation Profile.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Short Title","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Financial Disclosure","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}