{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T22:23:39Z","timestamp":1791152619375,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2000,6,1]],"date-time":"2000-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":959817600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s007870070009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,2,12]],"date-time":"2003-02-12T18:05:56Z","timestamp":1045073156000},"page":"S58-S64","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":198,"title":["Developmental dyscalculia: prevalence and prognosis"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"R. S.","family":"Shalev","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Auerbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"O.","family":"Manor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Gross-Tsur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","reference":[{"key":"902000058_CR1","volume-title":"Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 Profile","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"1991","unstructured":"Achenbach TM (1991) Manual for the Child Behavior Checklist\/4\u201318 and 1991 Profile. Burlington: University of Vermont Department of Psychiatry"},{"key":"902000058_CR2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association (1994) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association","edition":"Fourth edition"},{"key":"902000058_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.2702.244","volume":"27","author":"DM Aram","year":"1984","unstructured":"Aram DM, Ekelman BL, Nation JE (1984) Preschoolers with language disorders: 10 years later. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 27: 232\u2013244","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"902000058_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-198707000-00015","volume":"26","author":"L Baker","year":"1987","unstructured":"Baker L, Cantwell DP (1987) A prospective psychiatric follow-up of children with speech\/language disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 26: 546\u2013553","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"902000058_CR5","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Progress in Learning Disabilities","author":"NA Badian","year":"1983","unstructured":"Badian NA (1983) Arithmetic and nonverbal learning. In: Myklebust HR (ed) Progress in Learning Disabilities, Vol 5 (pp 235\u2013264). New York: Grune and Stratton"},{"key":"902000058_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199606000-00022","volume":"35","author":"JH Beitchman","year":"1996","unstructured":"Beitchman JH, Wilson B, Brownlie EB, Walters H, Inglis A, Lancee W (1996) Long-term consistency in speech\/language profiles: II. Behavioral, emotional, and social outcomes. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 35: 815\u2013825","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"902000058_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199708000-00009","volume":"36","author":"JH Beitchman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Beitchman JH, Young AR (1997) Learning disorders with a special emphasis on reading disorders: a review of the past 10 years. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 36: 1020\u20131032","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"902000058_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949703000304","volume":"30","author":"LE Brody","year":"1997","unstructured":"Brody LE, Mills CF (1997) Gifted children with learning disabilities: a review of the issues. Journal of Learning Disabilities 30: 282\u2013296","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"902000058_CR9","volume-title":"Low Achieving Children: The First Seven Years (p ix) Hillsdale","author":"S Broman","year":"1985","unstructured":"Broman S, Bien E, Shaughness P (1985) Low Achieving Children: The First Seven Years (p ix) Hillsdale. New Jersey: Erlbaum"},{"key":"902000058_CR10","first-page":"322","volume-title":"Progress in learning disabilities","author":"R Cohen","year":"1974","unstructured":"Cohen R (1974) Arithmetic and learning disabilities. In: Myklebust HR (ed) Progress in learning disabilities (pp 322\u2013389). New York: Grune & Stratton"},{"key":"902000058_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1126\/science.284.5416.970","volume":"284","author":"S Dehaene","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dehaene S, Spelke E, Pinel P, Stanescu R, Tsivkin S (1999) Sources of mathematical thinking: behavioral and brain-imaging evidence. Science 284: 970\u2013974","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"902000058_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"616","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.102.4.616","volume":"102","author":"SV Faraone","year":"1993","unstructured":"Faraone SV, Biederman J, Lehman BK, Spencer T, Norman D, Seidman LJ, Kraus I, Perrin J, Chen WJ, Tsuang MT (1993) Intellectual performance and school failure in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and in their siblings. Journal of Abnormal Psychology 102: 616\u2013623","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Psychology"},{"key":"902000058_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1080\/135467996387534","volume":"2","author":"MW Faust","year":"1996","unstructured":"Faust MW, Ashcraft MH, Fleck DE (1996) Mathematics anxiety effects in simple and complex addition. Mathematical Cognition 2: 25\u201362","journal-title":"Mathematical Cognition"},{"key":"902000058_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1044\/jshr.3904.839","volume":"39","author":"BB Fazio","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fazio BB (1996) Mathematical abilities of children with specific language impairment: a 2-year follow-up. Journal of Speech and Hearing Research 39: 839\u2013849","journal-title":"Journal of Speech and Hearing Research"},{"key":"902000058_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.114.2.345","volume":"114","author":"DC Geary","year":"1993","unstructured":"Geary DC (1993) Mathematical disabilities: cognitive, neuropsychological, and genetic components. Psychological Bulletin 114: 345\u2013362","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"902000058_CR16","first-page":"155","volume-title":"Children\u2019s Mathematical Development","author":"DC Geary","year":"1994","unstructured":"Geary DC (1994) Mathematical Disabilities In Children\u2019s Mathematical Development (pp 155\u2013187). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association"},{"key":"902000058_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949703000102","volume":"30","author":"HP Ginsburg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ginsburg HP (1997) Mathematics learning disabilities: a view from developmental psychology. Journal of Learning Disabilities 30: 20\u201333","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"902000058_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1136\/adc.68.4.510","volume":"68","author":"V Gross-Tsur","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gross-Tsur V, Manor O, Shalev RS (1993) Developmental dyscalculia, gender and the brain. Archives of Disease in Childhood 68: 510\u2013512","journal-title":"Archives of Disease in Childhood"},{"key":"902000058_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949502800202","volume":"28","author":"V Gross-Tsur","year":"1995","unstructured":"Gross-Tsur V, Shalev RS, Manor O, Amir N (1995) Developmental right hemisphere syndrome: clinical spectrum of the non-verbal learning disability. Journal of Learning Disabilities 28: 80\u201386","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"902000058_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1996.tb15029.x","volume":"38","author":"V Gross-Tsur","year":"1996","unstructured":"Gross-Tsur V, Manor O, Shalev RS (1996) Developmental dyscalculia: prevalence and demographic features. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 38: 25\u201333","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"902000058_CR21","first-page":"525","volume":"42","author":"V Gross-Tsur","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gross-Tsur V, Manor O, Shalev RS (1997) Comorbidity in elementary school children with developmental language disorders. Annals Neurology (abstract) 42: 525","journal-title":"Annals Neurology (abstract)"},{"key":"902000058_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.89.3.395","volume":"89","author":"RJ Hagerman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Hagerman RJ, Jackson C, Amiri K, Cronister Silverman A, O\u2019Connor R, Sobesky W (1992) Girls with fragile X syndrome: physical and neurocognitive status and outcome. Pediatrics 89: 395\u2013400","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"902000058_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949002300201","volume":"23","author":"DD Hammill","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hammill DD (1990) On defining learning disabilities: an emerging consensus. Journal of Learning Disabilities 23: 76\u201384","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"902000058_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949402700303","volume":"27","author":"MCS Harnadek","year":"1994","unstructured":"Harnadek MCS, Rourke BP (1994) Principal identifying features of the syndrome of nonverbal learning disabilities in children. Journal of Learning Disabilities 27: 144\u2013154","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"902000058_CR25","volume-title":"Untersuchungen zur H\u00e4ufigkeit von isolierten und kombinierten Rechenst\u00f6rungen in einer repr\u00e4sentativen Stichprobe von Sch\u00fclern 3. Klassen","author":"O H\u00e4u\u00dfer","year":"1995","unstructured":"H\u00e4u\u00dfer O (1995) Untersuchungen zur H\u00e4ufigkeit von isolierten und kombinierten Rechenst\u00f6rungen in einer repr\u00e4sentativen Stichprobe von Sch\u00fclern 3. Klassen. Dissertation thesis submitted to the Charit\u00e9 Medical Schoo, Humboldt-University, Berlin"},{"key":"902000058_CR26","volume-title":"The specific disorder of arithmetical skills","author":"J Hein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hein J (1999) The specific disorder of arithmetical skills. Dissertation thesis submitted to the Charit\u00e9 Medical School, Humboldt-University, Berlin"},{"key":"902000058_CR27","unstructured":"Howden ME (1967) A nineteen-year follow-up of good, average and poor readers in the fifth and sixth grades. Unpublished Doctoral Dissertation: University of Oregon (cited from Schonhaut and Satz, 1983)"},{"key":"902000058_CR28","first-page":"48","volume":"26","author":"KJ Klauer","year":"1992","unstructured":"Klauer KJ (1992) In Mathematik mehr leistungsschwache Madchen, im Lesen und Rechschreiben mehr leistungsschwache Junden? Zeitschrift f. Entwicklungspsychologie u. Padagogische Psychologie 26: 48\u201365","journal-title":"Zeitschrift f. Entwicklungspsychologie u. Padagogische Psychologie"},{"key":"902000058_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1177\/002221947400700309","volume":"7","author":"L Kosc","year":"1974","unstructured":"Kosc L (1974) Developmental dyscalculia. Journal of Learning Disabilities 7: 46\u201359","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"902000058_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01162.x","volume":"35","author":"C Lewis","year":"1994","unstructured":"Lewis C, Hitch GJ, Walker P (1994) The prevalence of specific artihmetic difficulties and specific reading difficulties in 9-to 10-year old boys and girls. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 35: 283\u2013292","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"902000058_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949302601003","volume":"26","author":"SS Little","year":"1993","unstructured":"Little SS (1993) Nonverbal learning disabilities and socio-emotional functioning: a review of recent literature. Journal of Learning Disabilities 26: 652\u2013665","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"902000058_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1177\/002221949703000104","volume":"30","author":"SP Miller","year":"1997","unstructured":"Miller SP, Mercer CD (1997) Educational aspects of mathematics disabilities. Journal of Learning Disabilities 30: 47\u201356","journal-title":"Journal of Learning Disabilities"},{"key":"902000058_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1041202","volume":"11","author":"BF Pennington","year":"1991","unstructured":"Pennington BF (1991) Genetics of learning disabilities. Seminars in Neurology; 11: 28\u201334","journal-title":"Seminars in Neurology"},{"key":"902000058_CR34","volume-title":"Developmental language disability: adult accomplishments of dyslexic boys","author":"M Rawson","year":"1968","unstructured":"Rawson M (1968) Developmental language disability: adult accomplishments of dyslexic boys. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press"},{"key":"902000058_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1177\/002246698401800403","volume":"18","author":"CR Reynolds","year":"1984","unstructured":"Reynolds CR (1984) Critical measurement issues in learning disabilities. Journal of Special Education 18: 451\u2013476","journal-title":"Journal of Special Education"},{"key":"902000058_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1017\/S003329170001388X","volume":"6","author":"M Rutter","year":"1976","unstructured":"Rutter M, Tizard J, Yule W, Graham P, Whitmore K (1976) Research report: Isle of Wight studies 1964\u20131974. Psychological Medicine 6: 313\u2013332","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"key":"902000058_CR37","volume-title":"Dyslexia: An Appraisal of Current Knowledge","author":"P Satz","year":"1978","unstructured":"Satz P, Talylor HG, Friel J, Flectcher JM (1978) Some developmental and predictive precursors of reading disabilities: a six year follow-up. In: Benton A, Pearl D (eds) Dyslexia: An Appraisal of Current Knowledge. New York: Oxford University Press"},{"key":"902000058_CR38","first-page":"542","volume-title":"Developmental Neuropsychology","author":"S Schonhaut","year":"1983","unstructured":"Schonhaut S, Satz P (1983) Prognosis for children with learning disability: a review of follow-up studies. In: Rutter M (ed) Developmental Neuropsychology (pp 542\u2013563), New York: Guilford Press"},{"key":"902000058_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"753","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1528-1157.1986.tb03606.x","volume":"27","author":"M Seidenberg","year":"1986","unstructured":"Seidenberg M, Beck N, Geisser M, Giordani B, Sackellares JC, Berent S, Dreifuss FE, Boll TJ (1986) Academic achievement of children with epilepsy. Epilepsia: 27: 753\u2013759","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"902000058_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199205000-00009","volume":"31","author":"M Semrud-Clikeman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Semrud-Clikeman M, Biederman J, Sprich-Buckminster S, Krifcher Lehman B, Faraone SV, Norman D (1992) Comorbidity between ADDH and learning disability: a review and report in a clinically referred sample. Journal of American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 31: 439\u2013448","journal-title":"Journal of American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"902000058_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1995.tb01369.x","volume":"36","author":"RS Shalev","year":"1995","unstructured":"Shalev RS, Auerbach J, Gross-Tsur V (1995) Developmental dyscalculia: attentional and behavioral aspects. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 36: 1261\u20131268","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"key":"902000058_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1080\/135467997387434","volume":"3","author":"RS Shalev","year":"1997","unstructured":"Shalev RS, Manor O, Gross-Tsur V (1997) Neuropsychological aspects of developmental dyscalculia. Mathematical Cognition 3: 105\u2013120","journal-title":"Mathematical Cognition"},{"key":"902000058_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(98)70269-0","volume":"133","author":"RS Shalev","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shalev RS, Manor O, Auerbach J, Gross-Tsur V (1998) Persistence of developmental dyscalculia: what counts? Results from a three year prspective follow-up study. Journal of Pediatrics 133: 358\u2013362","journal-title":"Journal of Pediatrics"},{"key":"902000058_CR44","first-page":"635","volume-title":"New Developments in Child Neurology","author":"R Shalev","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shalev R (1998) Developmental dyscalculia. In: Perat MJ (ed) New Developments in Child Neurology (pp 635\u2013641). Bologna: Monduzzi Editore"},{"key":"902000058_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199201163260301","volume":"324","author":"SE Shaywitz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Shaywitz SE, Escobar MD, Shaywitz BA, Fletcher JM, Mackuck R (1992) Evidence that dyslexia may represent the lower tail of a normal distribution of reading ability. New England Journal of Medicine: 324: 145\u2013150","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"902000058_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.104.6.1351","volume":"104","author":"SE Shaywitz","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shaywitz SE, Fletcher JM, Holahan JM, Shneider AE, Marchione KE, Stuebing KK, Francis DJ, Pugh KR, Shaywitz BA (1999) Persistence of dyslexia: the Connecticut longitudinal study at adolescence. Pediatrics 104: 1351\u20131359","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"902000058_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8749.1993.tb11714.x","volume":"35","author":"CM Temple","year":"1993","unstructured":"Temple CM, Carney RA (1993) Intellectual functioning of children with Turner syndrome: a comparison of behavioral phenotypes. Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology 35: 361\u2013369","journal-title":"Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology"},{"key":"902000058_CR48","first-page":"151","volume":"29","author":"MG Aster Von","year":"1997","unstructured":"Von Aster MG, Deloche G, Dellatolas G, Meier M (1997) Zahlenverarbeitung und Rechnen bei Schulkindern der 2. und 3. Klassenstufe: Eine vergleichende Studie franzosischsprachiger und deutschsprachiger Kinder. Zeitschrift fur Entwicklungspsychologie und Padagogische Psychologie 29: 151\u2013166","journal-title":"Zeitschrift fur Entwicklungspsychologie und Padagogische Psychologie"}],"container-title":["European Child &amp; Adolescent Psychiatry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s007870070009.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s007870070009\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s007870070009","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,7]],"date-time":"2024-01-07T08:52:15Z","timestamp":1704617535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s007870070009"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}},"alternative-id":["902000058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s007870070009","relation":{},"ISSN":["1018-8827","1435-165X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1018-8827","type":"print"},{"value":"1435-165X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2000,6]]}}}