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The expression of both miR-424 and miR-503 in human endometrial stromal cells (HESCs) were measured before and after decidualization. Then, HESCs were transfected with both miR-424 and miR-503 before decidualization. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR, actin staining analysis, migration assay, fluorescence immunostaining, and luciferase assay were performed. MiR-424 and miR-503 expression was decreased after decidualization. Overexpression of both miR-424 and miR-503 inhibited major decidual maker genes, including\n                    <jats:italic>FOXO1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>PRL<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>IGFBP1<\/jats:italic>\n                    ,\n                    <jats:italic>WNT4,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>SCARA5,<\/jats:italic>\n                    and altered F-actin\u2019s subcellular distribution from the periphery to all over the cytoplasm, concomitantly increasing cell mobility. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis revealed overexpression of both miRNAs resulted in FOXO1 protein accumulation in the cytoplasm. Knocking down FOXO1 decreased SCARA5 expression, revealing SCARA5 is a downstream target of FOXO1. In addition, a luciferase reporter assay confirmed that the 3\u2032-untranslated region of\n                    <jats:italic>FOXO1<\/jats:italic>\n                    mRNA is targeted by miR-424. These results suggest that both miRNAs may play an important role in endometrial decidualization by regulating transcriptional activity of FOXO1, which alters decidualization-related gene expression such as SCARA5.Abstract: Journal standard instruction requires an unstructured abstract; hence structured abstract changed to unstructured.Thank you for the correction. I approve this change.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-025-00431-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]],"date-time":"2025-03-14T08:22:01Z","timestamp":1741940521000},"page":"270-280","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Loss of miR-424 and miR-503 promotes decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells by increasing SCARA5 expression"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"58","author":[{"given":"Tetsu","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9335-303X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masashi","family":"Takamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideno","family":"Tochigi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yumi","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yosuke","family":"Mizuno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomomi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shunsuke","family":"Tamaru","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuya","family":"Kusama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuhiro","family":"Tamura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshimasa","family":"Kamei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Kajihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"431_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2014-1045","volume":"35","author":"B Gellersen","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gellersen B, Brosens JJ (2014) Cyclic decidualization of the human endometrium in reproductive health and failure. 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All patients provided written informed consent for the use of their samples.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Human rights statements and informed consent"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the protocol approved by the Institutional Review Board of Saitama Medical University Hospital (research approval numbers: 18085, 2024007).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Approval by ethics committee"}}]}}