{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T12:35:05Z","timestamp":1792758905985,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747785600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100009011","name":"Heze University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["XY22BS40"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["XY22BS40"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100009011","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Mol Model"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s00894-025-06390-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]],"date-time":"2025-05-21T09:22:44Z","timestamp":1747819364000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Unraveling the influence mechanisms of different substituents on the chemical activity of N-heterocyclic phosphines via theoretical calculations"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"Yilei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"90","key":"6390_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12528","DOI":"10.1039\/D2CC04844B","volume":"58","author":"YS Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang YS, Huan Z, Yang JD, Cheng JP (2022) Synthetic applications of NHPs: from the hydride pathway to a radical mechanism. Chem Commun 58(90):12528\u201312543. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2CC04844B","journal-title":"Chem Commun"},{"key":"6390_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5075\/epfl-thesis-10716","author":"K Johannes","year":"2024","unstructured":"Johannes K (2024) New applications of 1,3,2-diazaphospholenes in catalysis. EPFL. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5075\/epfl-thesis-10716","journal-title":"EPFL"},{"issue":"38","key":"6390_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25956","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.4c10302","volume":"146","author":"K Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu K, Zhang YS, Zhong B, Zhang L, Yang JD, Luo SZ (2024) Organocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction by diazaphospholenes. J Am Chem Soc 146(38):25956\u201325962. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.4c10302","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"6390_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.poly.2024.116905","volume":"253","author":"MP Howard","year":"2024","unstructured":"Howard MP, Miura-Akagi PM, Chapp TW, Ah-Tye YJH, Kitano T, Zhou DY, Balkwill LG, Yoshida WY, Fuller AL, Yap GPA, Rheingold AL, Borosky GL, Laali KK, Cain MF (2024) Synthesis and reactivity of a P-H functionalized benzazaphosphole. Polyhedron 253:116905. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.poly.2024.116905","journal-title":"Polyhedron"},{"issue":"6681","key":"6390_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1126\/science.adl3369","volume":"383","author":"GT Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang GT, Wodrich MD, Cramer N (2024) Catalytic enantioselective reductive Eschenmoser-Claisen rearrangements. Science 383(6681):395\u2013401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.adl3369","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"10","key":"6390_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1307","DOI":"10.1021\/ar100041j","volume":"43","author":"D Gudat","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gudat D (2010) Diazaphospholenes: N-heterocyclic phosphines between molecules and Lewis pairs. Acc Chem Res 43(10):1307\u20131316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ar100041j","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res"},{"key":"6390_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gupta N (2010) Recent advances in the chemistry of diazaphospholes. In: Phosphorus Heterocycles II. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 175\u2013206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/7081_2009_20","DOI":"10.1007\/7081_2009_20"},{"issue":"18","key":"6390_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3414","DOI":"10.1002\/1521-3765(20000915)6:18<3414::AID-CHEM3414>3.0.CO;2-P","volume":"6","author":"D Gudat","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gudat D, Haghverdi A, Hupfer H, Nieger M (2000) Stability and electrophilicity of phosphorus analogues of Arduengo carbenes-an experimental and computational study. Chem Eur J 6(18):3414\u20133425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1521-3765(20000915)6:18%3c3414::AID-CHEM3414%3e3.0.CO;2-P","journal-title":"Chem Eur J"},{"issue":"14","key":"6390_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3672","DOI":"10.1039\/C9SC05883D","volume":"11","author":"JJ Zhang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhang JJ, Yang JD, Cheng JP (2020) Diazaphosphinanes as hydride, hydrogen atom, proton or electron donors under transition-metal-free conditions: thermodynamics, kinetics, and synthetic applications. Chem Sci 11(14):3672\u20133679. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C9SC05883D","journal-title":"Chem Sci"},{"issue":"5","key":"6390_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules29051119","volume":"29","author":"N Compagno","year":"2024","unstructured":"Compagno N, Piccolo R, Bortolamiol E, Demitri N, Rizzolio F, Visentin F, Scattolin T (2024) Platinum(0)-\u03b72-1,2-(E)ditosylethene complexes bearing phosphine, isocyanide and N-heterocyclic carbene ligands: synthesis and cytotoxicity towards ovarian and breast cancer cells. Molecules 29(5):1119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29051119","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"11","key":"6390_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2468","DOI":"10.1002\/adsc.202400083","volume":"366","author":"SA Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar SA, Das B, Jyoti PS, Shekhar PC, Doddi A (2024) N-Heterocyclic olefin-phosphines based cationic ruthenium complexes as pre-catalysts for dual C-H bond functionalizations. Adv Synth Catal 366(11):2468\u20132476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/adsc.202400083","journal-title":"Adv Synth Catal"},{"issue":"23","key":"6390_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3031","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.organomet.4c00405","volume":"43","author":"MR Yousefshahi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Yousefshahi MR, Cheraghi M, Ghasemi T, Neshat A, Eigner V, Dusek M, Amjadi M, Akbari-Birgani S (2024) N-Heterocyclic carbene-Au(I)-phosphine complexes: characterization, theoretical structure analysis, and anti-cancer properties. Organometallics 43(23):3031\u20133042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.organomet.4c00405","journal-title":"Organometallics"},{"issue":"5","key":"6390_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1039\/D4DT03352C","volume":"54","author":"CM Feil","year":"2025","unstructured":"Feil CM, Goerigk F, St\u00f6ckl Y, Nieger M, Gudat D (2025) Diverse reactivity of a cationic N-heterocyclic phosphenium complex towards anionic substrates-substitution vs reduction. Dalton transactions 54(5):1806\u20131814. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D4DT03352C","journal-title":"Dalton transactions"},{"issue":"15","key":"6390_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4039","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201801300","volume":"57","author":"S Miaskiewicz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Miaskiewicz S, Reed JH, Donets PA, Oliveira CC, Cramer N (2018) Chiral 1,3,2-diazaphospholenes as catalytic molecular hydrides for enantioselective conjugate reductions. Angew Chem Int Ed 57(15):4039\u20134042. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.201801300","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"key":"6390_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Riley R, Huchenski B, Bamford K, Speed A (2022) Diazaphospholene-catalyzed radical reactions from aryl halides. Angew Chem Int Ed 61(30):e202204088 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26434\/chemrxiv-2022-4knjf","DOI":"10.26434\/chemrxiv-2022-4knjf"},{"key":"6390_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5140","DOI":"10.1002\/ejoc.202000880","volume":"32","author":"BSN Huchenski","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huchenski BSN, Robertson KN (2020) Speed AWH (2020) Functionalization of bis-diazaphospholene P-P bonds with diverse electrophiles. Eur J Org Chem 32:5140\u20135144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ejoc.202000880","journal-title":"Eur J Org Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"6390_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"nwaa253","DOI":"10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa253","volume":"8","author":"JJ Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang JJ, Yang JD, Cheng JP (2021) Recent progress in reactivity study and synthetic application of N-heterocyclic phosphorus hydrides. Natl Sci Rev 8(4):nwaa253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/nsr\/nwaa253","journal-title":"Natl Sci Rev"},{"issue":"18","key":"6390_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5983","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201901456","volume":"58","author":"JJ Zhang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhang JJ, Yang JD, Cheng JP (2019) A nucleophilicity scale for the reactivity of diazaphospholenium hydrides: structural insights and synthetic applications. Angew Chem Int Ed 58(18):5983\u20135987. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.201901456","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"issue":"41","key":"6390_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12116","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201505244","volume":"54","author":"CC Chong","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chong CC, Kinjo R (2015) Hydrophosphination of CO2 and subsequent formate transfer in the 1,3,2-diazaphospholene-catalyzed N-formylation of amines. Angew Chem Int Ed 54(41):12116\u201312120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.201505244","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed"},{"issue":"9","key":"6390_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5814","DOI":"10.1021\/acscatal.7b01338","volume":"7","author":"CC Chong","year":"2017","unstructured":"Chong CC, Rao B, Kinjo R (2017) Metal-free catalytic reduction of \u03b1, \u03b2-unsaturated esters by 1,3,2-diazaphospholene and subsequent C-C coupling with nitriles. ACS Catal 7(9):5814\u20135819. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acscatal.7b01338","journal-title":"ACS Catal"},{"issue":"16","key":"6390_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6008","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b02512","volume":"139","author":"YC Lin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lin YC, Hatzakis E, Mccarthy SM, Reichl KD, Lai TY, Yennawar HP, Radosevich AT (2017) P-N cooperative borane activation and catalytic hydroboration by a distorted phosphorous triamide platform. J Am Chem Soc 139(16):6008\u20136016. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.7b02512","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"2","key":"6390_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.7b09754","volume":"140","author":"B Rao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rao B, Chong CC, Kinjo R (2018) Metal-free regio- and chemoselective hydroboration of pyridines catalyzed by 1,3,2-diazaphosphenium triflate. J Am Chem Soc 140(2):652\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.7b09754","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"36","key":"6390_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14083","DOI":"10.1021\/jacs.9b07293","volume":"141","author":"T Lundrigan","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lundrigan T, Welsh EN, Hynes T, Tien CH, Adams MR, Roy KR, Robertson KN, Speed AWH (2019) Enantioselective imine reduction catalyzed by phosphenium ions. J Am Chem Soc 141(36):14083\u201314088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jacs.9b07293","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2835","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-23101-3","volume":"12","author":"JJ Zhang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhang JJ, Yang JD, Cheng JP (2021) Chemoselective catalytic hydrodefluorination of trifluoromethylalkenes towards mono-\/gem-di-fluoroalkenes under metal-free conditions. Nat Commun 12(1):2835. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-021-23101-3","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.joc.1c02360","volume":"87","author":"JJ Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang JJ, Zhao X, Yang JD, Cheng JP (2022) Diazaphospholene-catalyzed hydrodefluorination of polyfluoroarenes with phenylsilane via concerted nucleophilic aromatic substitution. J Org Chem 87(1):294\u2013300. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.joc.1c02360","journal-title":"J Org Chem"},{"issue":"34","key":"6390_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6099","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-4039(96)01296-8","volume":"37","author":"A Longeau","year":"1996","unstructured":"Longeau A, Knochel P (1996) Lithiated bis(diethylamino)phosphine borane complex as useful nucleophilic phosphorus reagent. Tetrahedron Lett 37(34):6099\u20136102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0040-4039(96)01296-8","journal-title":"Tetrahedron Lett"},{"issue":"48","key":"6390_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17012","DOI":"10.1021\/ja0555163","volume":"127","author":"AD Sadow","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sadow AD, Togni A (2005) Enantioselective addition of secondary phosphines to methacrylonitrile: catalysis and mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 127(48):17012\u201317024. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ja0555163","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1039\/C7DT04110A","volume":"47","author":"M Blum","year":"2018","unstructured":"Blum M, Kappler J, Schlindwein SH, Nieger M, Gudat D (2018) Synthesis, spectroscopic characterisation and transmetalation of lithium and potassium diaminophosphanide-boranes. Dalton Trans 47(1):112\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/C7DT04110A","journal-title":"Dalton Trans"},{"key":"6390_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marque S, Tordo P (2005) Reactivity of phosphorus centered radicals. In: New Aspectsin Phosphorus Chemistry V. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 43\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/b100981","DOI":"10.1007\/b100981"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.6023\/cjoc201708023","volume":"38","author":"YZ Gao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Gao YZ, Tang G, Zhao YF (2018) Recent advances of phosphorus-centered radical promoted difunctionalization of unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds. Chin J Org Chem 38(1):62\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6023\/cjoc201708023","journal-title":"Chin J Org Chem"},{"issue":"4","key":"6390_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1039\/c6qo00002a","volume":"3","author":"LL Liu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Liu LL, Wu YL, Chen P, Chan CL, Xu J, Zhu J, Zhao Y (2016) Mechanism, catalysis and predictions of 1,3,2-diazaphospholenes: theoretical insight into highly polarized P-X bonds. Org Chem Front 3(4):423\u2013433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/c6qo00002a","journal-title":"Org Chem Front"},{"issue":"22","key":"6390_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8335","DOI":"10.1039\/D0CS00476F","volume":"49","author":"AWH Speed","year":"2020","unstructured":"Speed AWH (2020) Applications of diazaphospholene hydrides in chemical catalysis. Chem Soc Rev 49(22):8335\u20138353. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D0CS00476F","journal-title":"Chem Soc Rev"},{"issue":"33","key":"6390_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17794","DOI":"10.1039\/d1cp02193a","volume":"23","author":"MF Alkhater","year":"2021","unstructured":"Alkhater MF, Alherz AW, Musgrave CB (2021) Diazaphospholenes as reducing agents: a thermodynamic and electrochemical DFT study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 23(33):17794\u201317802. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d1cp02193a","journal-title":"Phys Chem Chem Phys"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1007\/s00214-007-0310-x","volume":"120","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Truhlar DG (2008) The M06 suite of density functionals for main group thermochemistry, thermochemical kinetics, noncovalent interactions, excited states, and transition elements: two new functionals and systematic testing of four M06-class functionals and 12 other functionals. Theor Chem Acc 120(1):215\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00214-007-0310-x","journal-title":"Theor Chem Acc"},{"issue":"47","key":"6390_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12590","DOI":"10.1021\/jp408166m","volume":"117","author":"M Walker","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walker M, Harvey AJA, Sen A, Dessent CEH (2013) Performance of M06, M06\u20132X, and M06-HF density functionals for conformationally flexible anionic clusters: M06 functionals perform better than B3LYP for a model system with dispersion and ionic hydrogen-bonding interactions. J Phys Chem A 117(47):12590\u201312600. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jp408166m","journal-title":"J Phys Chem A"},{"issue":"18","key":"6390_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3297","DOI":"10.1039\/B508541A","volume":"7","author":"F Weigend","year":"2005","unstructured":"Weigend F, Ahlrichs R (2005) Balanced basis sets of split valence, triple zeta valence and quadruple zeta valence quality for H to Rn: Design and assessment of accuracy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 7(18):3297\u20133305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/B508541A","journal-title":"Phys Chem Chem Phys"},{"key":"6390_CR37","unstructured":"Frisch MJ, Trucks GW, Schlegel HB, Scuseria GE, Robb MA, Cheeseman JR, Scalmani G, Barone V, Petersson GA, Nakatsuji H, Li X, Caricato M, Marenich AV, Bloino J, Janesko BG, Gomperts R, Mennucci B, Hratchian HP, Ortiz JV, Izmaylov AF, Sonnenberg JL, Williams, Ding F, Lipparini F, Egidi F, Goings J, Peng B, Petrone A, Henderson T, Ranasinghe D, Zakrzewski VG, Gao J, Rega N, Zheng G, Liang W, Hada M, Ehara M, Toyota K, Fukuda R, Hasegawa J, Ishida M, Nakajima T, Honda Y, Kitao O, Nakai H, Vreven T, Throssell K, Montgomery JA, Peralta JE, Ogliaro F, Bearpark MJ, Heyd JJ, Brothers EN, Kudin KN, Staroverov VN, Keith TA, Kobayashi R, Normand J, Raghavachari K, Rendell AP, Burant JC, Iyengar SS, Tomasi J, Cossi M, Millam JM, Klene M, Adamo C, Cammi R, Ochterski JW, Martin RL, Morokuma K, Farkas O, Foresman JB, Fox D J (2009) Gaussian 09 Rev. C.01 [Z]. Wallingford, CT."},{"key":"6390_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.11.005","volume":"187","author":"ZY Liu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liu ZY, Wang X, Lu T, Yuan AH, Yan XF (2022) Potential optical molecular switch: lithium@cyclo[18]carbon complex transforming between two stable configurations. Carbon 187:78\u201385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.carbon.2021.11.005","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"5","key":"6390_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1002\/jcc.22885","volume":"33","author":"T Lu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lu T, Chen FW (2012) Multiwfn: a multifunctional wavefunction analyzer. J Comput Chem 33(5):580\u2013592. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcc.22885","journal-title":"J Comput Chem"},{"issue":"01","key":"6390_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1142\/S0219633612500113","volume":"11","author":"T Lu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lu T, Chen FW (2012) Atomic dipole moment corrected hirshfeld population method. JTheor Comput Chem 11(01):163\u2013183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1142\/S0219633612500113","journal-title":"JTheor Comput Chem"},{"issue":"14","key":"6390_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3100","DOI":"10.1021\/jp4010345","volume":"117","author":"T Lu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lu T, Chen FW (2013) Bond order analysis based on the laplacian of electron density in fuzzy overlap space. J Phys Chem A 117(14):3100\u20133108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jp4010345","journal-title":"J Phys Chem A"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0263-7855(96)00018-5","volume":"14","author":"W Humphrey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Humphrey W, Dalke A, Schulten K (1996) VMD: visual molecular dynamics. J Mol Graph 14(1):33\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0263-7855(96)00018-5","journal-title":"J Mol Graph"},{"issue":"50","key":"6390_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10023","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.6b10142","volume":"120","author":"T Brinck","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brinck T, Carlqvist P, Stenlid JH (2016) Local electron attachment energy and its use for predicting nucleophilic reactions and halogen bonding. J Phys Chem A 120(50):10023\u201310032. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpca.6b10142","journal-title":"J Phys Chem A"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1021\/ar00109a003","volume":"18","author":"RFW Bader","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bader RFW (1985) Atoms in molecules. Acc Chem Res 18(1):9\u201315. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ar00109a003","journal-title":"Acc Chem Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"6390_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/poc.4420","volume":"35","author":"XL Cheng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cheng XL, Li F, Zhao YY, Cheng XY, Nie K, Han YF, Yang YJ (2022) Stability, atomic charges, bond-order analysis, and the directionality of lone-electron pairs on nitriles and isocyanides. J Phys Org Chem 35(12):e4420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/poc.4420","journal-title":"J Phys Org Chem"},{"issue":"34","key":"6390_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7167","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jpca.4c04335","volume":"128","author":"E Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang E, Hirao H (2024) Exploring the bonding nature of iron(IV)-oxo species through valence bond calculations and electron density analysis. J Phys Chem A 128(34):7167\u20137176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jpca.4c04335","journal-title":"J Phys Chem A"},{"key":"6390_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comptc.2023.114335","volume":"1229","author":"J Carmona-Esp\u00edndola","year":"2023","unstructured":"Carmona-Esp\u00edndola J, G\u00e1zquez JL (2023) Study of a smooth interpolation between Hirshfeld and iterative Hirshfeld population analyses. Comput Theor Chem 1229:114335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comptc.2023.114335","journal-title":"Comput Theor Chem"},{"issue":"43","key":"6390_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12681","DOI":"10.1039\/D2SC04041G","volume":"13","author":"J Lu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Lu J, Paci I, Leitch DC (2022) A broadly applicable quantitative relative reactivity model for nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) using simple descriptors. Chem Sci 13(43):12681\u201312695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/D2SC04041G","journal-title":"Chem Sci"},{"key":"6390_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ingold CK (1933) 266. Significance of tautomerism and of the reactions of aromatic compounds in the electronic theory of organic reactions. J Am Chem Soc (Resumed) (0):1120\u20131127. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/JR9330001120","DOI":"10.1039\/JR9330001120"},{"issue":"2","key":"6390_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1021\/cr60051a003","volume":"15","author":"CK Ingold","year":"1934","unstructured":"Ingold CK (1934) Principles of an electronic theory of organic reactions. Chem Rev 15(2):225\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/cr60051a003","journal-title":"Chem Rev"},{"issue":"42","key":"6390_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10439","DOI":"10.1021\/jp0734474","volume":"111","author":"SF Sousa","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sousa SF, Fernandes PA, Ramos MJ (2007) General performance of density functionals. J Phys Chem A 111(42):10439\u201310452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jp0734474","journal-title":"J Phys Chem A"},{"issue":"1","key":"6390_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1021\/jp046577a","volume":"109","author":"C Morell","year":"2005","unstructured":"Morell C, Grand A, Toro-Labb\u00e9 A (2005) New dual descriptor for chemical reactivity. J Phys Chem A 109(1):205\u2013212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jp046577a","journal-title":"J Phys Chem A"},{"issue":"9","key":"6390_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1922","DOI":"10.1021\/ja983494x","volume":"121","author":"RG Parr","year":"1999","unstructured":"Parr RG, Szentp\u00e1ly LV, Liu SB (1999) Electrophilicity index. J Am Chem Soc 121(9):1922\u20131924. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ja983494x","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"6390_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107693","volume":"157","author":"V Hasija","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hasija V, Parwaz Khan AA, Sonu KKP, Kaya S, Singh P, Raizada P, Asad M, Rub MA, Alzahrani KA (2024) Dual S-scheme Bi2MoO6\/g-C3N4\/Ag2MoO4 ternary heterojunction: interfacial charge transfer, broadband spectrum, enhanced redox ability. Solid State Sci 157:107693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.solidstatesciences.2024.107693","journal-title":"Solid State Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"6390_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biochem.3c00006","volume":"62","author":"A Priyadarshi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Priyadarshi A, Devi HM, Swaminathan R (2023) Disruption of spatial proximities among charged groups in equilibrium-denatured states of proteins tracked using protein charge transfer spectra. Biochemistry 62(11):1643\u20131658. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.biochem.3c00006","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"5","key":"6390_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1002\/cmtd.202100007","volume":"1","author":"T Lu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lu T, Chen QX (2021) Interaction region indicator: a simple real space function clearly revealing both chemical bonds and weak interactions. Chemistry-Methods 1(5):231\u2013239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cmtd.202100007","journal-title":"Chemistry-Methods"}],"container-title":["Journal of Molecular Modeling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00894-025-06390-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s00894-025-06390-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s00894-025-06390-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T11:00:38Z","timestamp":1749466838000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s00894-025-06390-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,6]]}},"alternative-id":["6390"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00894-025-06390-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1610-2940","0948-5023"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1610-2940","type":"print"},{"value":"0948-5023","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 May 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 May 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"166"}}