{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T10:54:42Z","timestamp":1791888882155,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]],"date-time":"2018-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1533513600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Maxillofac Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-018-0709-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,5]],"date-time":"2018-08-05T21:42:10Z","timestamp":1533505330000},"page":"335-339","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Oral hairy leukoplakia in healthy immunocompetent patients: a small case series"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"22","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6872-9397","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daire","family":"Shanahan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Cowie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Helen","family":"Rogers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Konrad","family":"Staines","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8407","key":"709_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)90872-9","volume":"324","author":"D Greeenspan","year":"1984","unstructured":"Greeenspan D, Greenspan JS, Conant M et al (1984) Oral \u201chairy\u201d leukoplakia in male homosexuals: evidence of association with both papillomavirus and a herpes-group virus. Lancet 324(8407):831\u2013834","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR2","first-page":"E33","volume":"11","author":"IM Bravo","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bravo IM, Correnti M, Escalona L et al (2006) Prevalence of oral lesions in HIV patients related to CD4 cell count and viral load in a Venezuelan population. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 11(1):E33\u2013E39","journal-title":"Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal"},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1989.tb00729.x","volume":"18","author":"D Greenspan","year":"1989","unstructured":"Greenspan D, Greenspan JS, Souza Y et al (1989) Oral hairy leukoplakia in an HIV-negative renal transplant recipient. J Oral Pathol Med 18(1):32\u201334","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"709_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/S1079-2104(96)80305-2","volume":"82","author":"J Blomgren","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blomgren J, B\u00e4ck H (1996) Oral hairy leukoplakia in a patient with multiple myeloma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 82(4):408\u2013410","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"3","key":"709_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.11.012","volume":"119","author":"AE Chambers","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chambers AE, Conn B, Pemberton M et al (2015) Twenty-first-century oral hairy leukoplakia\u2014a non\u2013HIV-associated entity. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 119(3):326\u2013332","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"3","key":"709_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.1.3.300","volume":"1","author":"M Okano","year":"1988","unstructured":"Okano M, Thiele GM, Davis JR et al (1988) Epstein-Barr virus and human diseases: recent advances in diagnosis. Clin Microbial Rev. 1(3):300\u2013312","journal-title":"Clin Microbial Rev."},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-007-0039-9","volume":"2","author":"PH Braz-Silva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Braz-Silva PH, de Rezende NPM, Ortega KL et al (2008) Detection of the Epstein\u2013Barr Virus (EBV) by in situ hybridization as definitive diagnosis of hairy leukoplakia. Head Neck Pathol 2(1):19\u201324","journal-title":"Head Neck Pathol"},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-008-0002-8","volume":"5","author":"M Nokta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nokta M (2008) Oral manifestations associated with HIV infection. Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep 5(1):5\u201312","journal-title":"Curr HIV\/AIDS Rep"},{"key":"709_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.12393","volume":"22","author":"JS Greenspan","year":"2016","unstructured":"Greenspan JS, Greenspan D, Webster-Cyriaque J (2016) Hairy leukoplakia; lessons learned: 30-plus years. Oral Dis 22:120","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199101000-00016","volume":"5","author":"JB Epstein","year":"1991","unstructured":"Epstein JB, Sherlock CH, Greenspan JS (1991) Hairy leukoplakia-like lesions following bone-marrow transplantation. AIDS 5(1):101\u2013102","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"709_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1016\/0030-4220(94)90086-8","volume":"78","author":"GN King","year":"1994","unstructured":"King GN, Healy CM, Glover MT et al (1994) Prevalence and risk factors associated with leukoplakia, hairy leukoplakia, erythematous candidiasis, and gingival hyperplasia in renal transplant recipients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 78(6):718\u2013726","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"3","key":"709_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896908327865","volume":"18","author":"E Piperi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Piperi E, Omlie J, Koutlas IG et al (2010) Oral hairy leukoplakia in HIV-negative patients: report of 10 cases. Int J Surg Pathol 18(3):177\u2013183","journal-title":"Int J Surg Pathol"},{"issue":"5","key":"709_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.oooo.2014.05.001","volume":"118","author":"JL Prasad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prasad JL, Bilodeau EA (2014) Oral hairy leukoplakia in patients without HIV: presentation of 2 new cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 118(5):e151\u2013e160","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"issue":"6","key":"709_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2007.01.005","volume":"42","author":"RP Stowe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stowe RP, Kozlova EV, Yetman DL et al (2007) Chronic herpesvirus reactivation occurs in aging. Exp Gerontol 42(6):563\u2013570","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"4","key":"709_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0047-6374(03)00026-5","volume":"124","author":"Q Ouyang","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ouyang Q, Wagner WM, Walter S et al (2003) An age-related increase in the number of CD8+ T cells carrying receptors for an immunodominant Epstein\u2013Barr virus (EBV) epitope is counteracted by a decreased frequency of their antigen-specific responsiveness. Mech Ageing Dev 124(4):477\u2013485","journal-title":"Mech Ageing Dev"},{"issue":"3","key":"709_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.3181\/00379727-179-42108","volume":"179","author":"R Glaser","year":"1985","unstructured":"Glaser R, Strain EC, Tarr KL et al (1985) Changes in Epstein-Barr virus antibody titers associated with aging. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 179(3):352\u2013355","journal-title":"Proc Soc Exp Biol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"709_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2004.04.004","volume":"39","author":"R Vescovini","year":"2004","unstructured":"Vescovini R, Telera A, Fagnoni FF et al (2004) Different contribution of EBV and CMV infections in very long-term carriers to age-related alterations of CD8+ T cells. Exp Gerontol 39(8):1233\u20131243","journal-title":"Exp Gerontol"},{"issue":"6","key":"709_CR18","first-page":"179","volume":"107","author":"S Galvin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Galvin S, Healy CM (2014) Oral hairy leukoplakia in healthy, immunocompetent individuals. Ir Med J 107(6):179\u2013180","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2014.07.034","volume":"72","author":"LD Hall","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hall LD, Eminger LA, Hesterman KS et al (2015) Epstein\u2013Barr virus: Dermatologic associations and implications: Part I. Mucocutaneous manifestations of Epstein\u2013Barr virus and nonmalignant disorders.J. Am Acad 72(1):1\u201319","journal-title":"Am Acad"},{"key":"709_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.25.022106.141553","volume":"25","author":"AD Hislop","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hislop AD, Taylor GS, Sauce D et al (2007) Cellular responses to viral infection in humans: lessons from Epstein-Barr virus. Annu Rev Immunol 25:587\u2013617","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol"},{"key":"709_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4941783","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/4941783","volume":"2016","author":"RA Khammissa","year":"2016","unstructured":"Khammissa RA, Fourie J, Chandran R et al (2016) Epstein-Barr Virus and its association with oral hairy leukoplakia: a short review. Int J Dent 2016:4941783","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"issue":"6","key":"709_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1086\/516131","volume":"25","author":"D Triantos","year":"1997","unstructured":"Triantos D, Porter SR, Scully C et al (1997) Oral hairy leukoplakia: clinicopathologic features, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and clinical significance. Clin Infect Dis 25(6):1392\u20131396","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"709_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12470556","volume":"89","author":"TE Daniels","year":"1987","unstructured":"Daniels TE, Greenspan D, Greenspan JS et al (1987) Absence of Langerhans cells in oral hairy leukoplakia, an AIDS-associated lesion. J Investig Dermatol 89(2):178\u2013182","journal-title":"J Investig Dermatol"},{"issue":"9","key":"709_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1656","DOI":"10.1086\/383132","volume":"189","author":"DM Walling","year":"2004","unstructured":"Walling DM, Flaitz CM, Hosein FG et al (2004) Effect of Epstein-Barr virus replication on Langerhans cells in pathogenesis of oral hairy leukoplakia. J Infect Dis 189(9):1656\u20131663","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"709_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0714.1989.tb01573.x","volume":"18","author":"PA Reichart","year":"1989","unstructured":"Reichart PA, Langford A, Gelderblom HR et al (1989) Oral hairy leukoplakia: observations in 95 cases and review of the literature. J Oral Pathol Med 18(7):410\u2013415","journal-title":"J Oral Pathol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"709_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S1525-1578(10)60642-3","volume":"3","author":"ML Gulley","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gulley ML (2001) Molecular diagnosis of Epstein-Barr virus-related diseases. J Mol Diagn 3(1):1\u201310","journal-title":"J Mol Diagn"}],"container-title":["Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10006-018-0709-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10006-018-0709-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10006-018-0709-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,5]],"date-time":"2019-08-05T19:14:18Z","timestamp":1565032458000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10006-018-0709-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"references-count":26,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,9]]}},"alternative-id":["709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10006-018-0709-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1550","1865-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1550","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 February 2018","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 August 2018","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 August 2018","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the participants for publication of the case series.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}}]}}