{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T17:58:43Z","timestamp":1787162323403,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599091200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599091200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"name":"Medartis AG","award":["none"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["none"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Maxillofac Surg"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-020-00903-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]],"date-time":"2020-09-03T19:13:49Z","timestamp":1599160429000},"page":"199-206","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Complications after osteosynthesis of craniofacial fractures\u2014an analysis from the years 2015\u20132017"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"25","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6865-2115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"\u00c1kos","family":"Bics\u00e1k","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dietmar","family":"Abel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laurence","family":"Tack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Velissarios","family":"Smponias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Hassfeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lars","family":"Bonitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"S1","key":"903_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S084","DOI":"10.1007\/PL00022964","volume":"4","author":"H-G Luhr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Luhr H-G (2000) Entwicklung der modernen Osteosynthese. Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir 4(S1):S084\u2013S090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/PL00022964","journal-title":"Mund Kiefer GesichtsChir"},{"key":"903_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kolokythas A (2010) Long-term surgical complications in the oral cancer patient: a comprehensive review. Part I. JOMR 1(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5037\/jomr.2010.1301","DOI":"10.5037\/jomr.2010.1301"},{"issue":"4","key":"903_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1268520","volume":"3","author":"MI Salgueiro","year":"2010","unstructured":"Salgueiro MI, Stevens MR (2010) Experience with the use of prebent plates for the reconstruction of mandibular defects. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 3(4):201\u2013208. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0030-1268520","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-0746.95307","volume":"2","author":"L Ylikontiola","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ylikontiola L, S\u00e1ndor G, Serlo W, Salokorpi N (2012) Experience with craniosynostosis treatment using posterior cranial vault distraction osteogenesis. Ann Maxillofac Surg 2(1):4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/2231-0746.95307","journal-title":"Ann Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"903_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"653","DOI":"10.3109\/17453674.2012.747054","volume":"83","author":"RK Hernandez","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hernandez RK, Do TP, Critchlow CW, Dent RE, Jick SS (2012) Patient-related risk factors for fracture-healing complications in the United Kingdom General Practice Research Database. Acta Orthop 83(6):653\u2013660. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/17453674.2012.747054","journal-title":"Acta Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0029-1202597","volume":"2","author":"SE Metzinger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Metzinger SE, Metzinger RC (2009) Complications of frontal sinus fractures. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 2(1):27\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0029-1202597","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"4","key":"903_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31824e7106","volume":"23","author":"S Maqusi","year":"2012","unstructured":"Maqusi S, Morris DE, Patel PK, Dolezal RF, Cohen MN (2012) Complications of pediatric facial fractures. J Craniofac Surg 23(4):1023\u20131027. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31824e7106","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.08.006","volume":"40","author":"FR Kloss","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kloss FR, Stigler RG, Brandstatter A, Tuli T, Rasse M, Laimer K et al (2011) Complications related to midfacial fractures: operative versus non-surgical treatment. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 40(1):33\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijom.2010.08.006","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"903_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1053\/joms.2000.16612","volume":"58","author":"BL Schmidt","year":"2000","unstructured":"Schmidt BL, Kearns G, Gordon N, Kaban LB (2000) A financial analysis of maxillomandibular fixation versus rigid internal fixation for treatment of mandibular fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 58(11):1206\u20131210. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/joms.2000.16612","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"903_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1177\/229255030801600308","volume":"16","author":"M Czerwinski","year":"2008","unstructured":"Czerwinski M, Ma S, Motakis D, Lee C (2008) Economic analysis of open approach versus conventional methods of zygoma fracture repair. Can J Plast Surg 16(3):153\u2013156","journal-title":"Can J Plast Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"903_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1848","DOI":"10.1097\/01.PRS.0000165079.36556.57","volume":"115","author":"M Czerwinski","year":"2005","unstructured":"Czerwinski M, Martin M, Lee C (2005) Quantitative comparison of open reduction and internal fixation versus the Gillies method in the treatment of orbitozygomatic complex fractures. Plast Reconstr Surg 115(7):1848\u20131854 discussion 1855-1857","journal-title":"Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"903_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2013.10.022","volume":"67","author":"MS Cabalag","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cabalag MS, Wasiak J, Andrew NE, Tang J, Kirby JC, Morgan DJ (2014) Epidemiology and management of maxillofacial fractures in an Australian trauma centre. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 67(2):183\u2013189. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2013.10.022","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"903_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(91)90116-M","volume":"29","author":"JS Brown","year":"1991","unstructured":"Brown JS, Grew N, Taylor C, Millar BG (1991) Intermaxillary fixation compared to miniplate osteosynthesis in the management of the fractured mandible: an audit. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 29(5):308\u2013311","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"903_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2012.09.019","volume":"71","author":"A Vajgel","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vajgel A, Camargo IB, Willmersdorf RB, de Melo TM, Filho JRL, de Holanda Vasconcellos RJ (2013) Comparative finite element analysis of the biomechanical stability of 2.0 fixation plates in atrophic mandibular fractures. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 71(2):335\u2013342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.joms.2012.09.019","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"903_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0030-1268519","volume":"3","author":"R Cienfuegos","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cienfuegos R, Sierra E, Ortiz B, Fern\u00e1ndez G (2010) Treatment of palatal fractures by osteosynthesis with 2.0-mm locking plates as external fixator. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 3(4):223\u2013230. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0030-1268519","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"903_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S068","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1389561","volume":"07","author":"C-P Cornelius","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cornelius C-P, Audig\u00e9 L, Kunz C, Buitrago-T\u00e9llez C, Rudderman R, Prein J (2014) The comprehensive AOCMF classification system: midface fractures - level 3 tutorial. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 07(S 01):S068\u2013S091. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1389561","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"903_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S006","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1389556","volume":"07","author":"L Audig\u00e9","year":"2014","unstructured":"Audig\u00e9 L, Cornelius C-P, Ieva A, Prein J (2014) CMF Classification Group The first AO classification system for fractures of the craniomaxillofacial skeleton: rationale, methodological background, developmental process, and objectives. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 07(S 01):S006\u2013S014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1389556","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"903_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S031","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1389558","volume":"07","author":"C-P Cornelius","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cornelius C-P, Audig\u00e9 L, Kunz C, Rudderman R, Buitrago-T\u00e9llez C, Frodel J et al (2014) The comprehensive AOCMF classification system: mandible fractures-level 3 tutorial. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 07(S 01):S031\u2013S043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1389558","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"903_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S059","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1389560","volume":"07","author":"C Kunz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kunz C, Audig\u00e9 L, Cornelius C-P, Buitrago-T\u00e9llez C, Frodel J, Rudderman R et al (2014) The comprehensive AOCMF classification system: midface fractures - level 2 tutorial. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 07(S 01):S059\u2013S067. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1389560","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"903_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S092","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1389562","volume":"07","author":"C Kunz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kunz C, Audig\u00e9 L, Cornelius C-P, Buitrago-T\u00e9llez C, Rudderman R, Prein J (2014) The comprehensive AOCMF classification system: orbital fractures - level 3 tutorial. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 07(S 01):S092\u2013S102. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1389562","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"S 01","key":"903_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S044","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0034-1389559","volume":"07","author":"A Neff","year":"2014","unstructured":"Neff A, Cornelius C-P, Rasse M, Torre D, Audig\u00e9 L (2014) The comprehensive AOCMF classification system: condylar process fractures - level 3 tutorial. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 07(S 01):S044\u2013S058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0034-1389559","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0031-1293520","volume":"5","author":"A Kraft","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kraft A, Abermann E, Stigler R, Zsifkovits C, Pedross F, Kloss F, Gassner R (2012) Craniomaxillofacial trauma: synopsis of 14,654 cases with 35,129 injuries in 15 years. Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 5(1):41\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0031-1293520","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001162","volume":"35","author":"N Homer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Homer N, Glass LR, Lee NG, Lefebvre DR, Sutula FC, Freitag SK et al (2019) Assessment of infraorbital hypesthesia following orbital floor and zygomaticomaxillary complex fractures using a novel sensory grading system. Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg 35(1):53\u201355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IOP.0000000000001162","journal-title":"Ophthal Plast Reconstr Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"903_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.11.002","volume":"51","author":"WMMT van Hout","year":"2013","unstructured":"van Hout WMMT, Van Cann EM, Abbink JH, Koole R (2013) An epidemiological study of maxillofacial fractures requiring surgical treatment at a tertiary trauma centre between 2005 and 2010. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 51(5):416\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjoms.2012.11.002","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"903_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.08.029","volume":"114","author":"G Kostakis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kostakis G, Stathopoulos P, Dais P, Gkinis G, Igoumenakis D, Mezitis M, Rallis G (2012) An epidemiologic analysis of 1,142 maxillofacial fractures and concomitant injuries. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 114(5 Suppl):S69\u2013S73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tripleo.2011.08.029","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol"},{"key":"903_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.11604\/pamj.2013.16.119.3379","volume":"16","author":"R Beogo","year":"2013","unstructured":"Beogo R, Dakoure P, Savadogo LB, Coulibaly AT, Ouoba K (2013) Associated injuries in patients with facial fractures: a review of 604 patients. Pan Afr Med J 16:119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.11604\/pamj.2013.16.119.3379","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"903_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.5037\/jomr.2013.4301","volume":"4","author":"JM Scherbaum Eidt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Scherbaum Eidt JM, De Conto F, De Bortoli MM, Engelmann JL, Rocha FD (2013) Associated injuries in patients with maxillofacial trauma at the hospital sao vicente de paulo, passo fundo, Brazil. J Oral Maxillofac Res 4(3):e1. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5037\/jomr.2013.4301","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"903_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1177\/000313481007601121","volume":"76","author":"JL Kampshoff","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kampshoff JL, Cogbill TH, Mathiason MA, Kallies KJ, Martin LT (2010) Cranial nerve injuries are associated with specific craniofacial fractures after blunt trauma. Am Surg 76(11):1223\u20131227","journal-title":"Am Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"903_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31821c9377","volume":"22","author":"HC Vasconez","year":"2011","unstructured":"Vasconez HC, Buseman JL, Cunningham LL (2011) Management of facial soft tissue injuries in children. J Craniofac Surg 22(4):1320\u20131326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/SCS.0b013e31821c9377","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"903_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-012-0354-5","volume":"17","author":"EC Marchiori","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marchiori EC, Santos SE, Asprino L, de Moraes M, Moreira RWF (2013) Occurrence of dental avulsion and associated injuries in patients with facial trauma over a 9-year period. Oral Maxillofac Surg 17(2):119\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10006-012-0354-5","journal-title":"Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"903_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.4103\/0974-2700.120362","volume":"6","author":"AB Olayemi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Olayemi AB, Adeniyi AO, Samuel U, Emeka OA (2013) Pattern, severity, and management of cranio-maxillofacial soft-tissue injuries in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. J Emerg Trauma Shock 6(4):235\u2013240. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0974-2700.120362","journal-title":"J Emerg Trauma Shock"},{"issue":"1","key":"903_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"035","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0037-1603458","volume":"11","author":"AD Linkugel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Linkugel AD, Odom EB, Bavolek RA, Snyder-Warwick AK, Patel KB (2018) Systemic preoperative antibiotics with mandible fractures: are they indicated at the time of injury? Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr 11(1):035\u2013040. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1055\/s-0037-1603458","journal-title":"Craniomaxillofac Trauma Reconstr"},{"issue":"4","key":"903_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.12.007","volume":"68","author":"C de Blacam","year":"2015","unstructured":"de Blacam C, van der Rijt R, Clover AJP (2015) Knowledge of plastic surgery trainees on the management of traumatic dental and facial bone injuries. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 68(4):595\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bjps.2014.12.007","journal-title":"J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg"}],"container-title":["Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10006-020-00903-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10006-020-00903-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10006-020-00903-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,3]],"date-time":"2021-09-03T18:43:55Z","timestamp":1630694635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10006-020-00903-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,6]]}},"alternative-id":["903"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10006-020-00903-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1865-1550","1865-1569"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1865-1550","type":"print"},{"value":"1865-1569","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 June 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 September 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with ethical standards"}},{"value":"Author 1 has no financial interests.Author 2 has no financial interests.Author 3 has no financial interests.Author 4 has no financial interests.Author 5 is design surgeon at Medartis AG.Author 6 is design surgeon at Medartis AG.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The Ethics Committee of the University of Witten-Herdecke has approved this study (No. 152\/2017).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed consent"}},{"value":"This article does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Animal experiments"}}]}}