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This study aimed to verify the previously published information in a large sample and to determine a safe surgical region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analyzed the three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography images of 300 individuals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The mean distance between the middle meningeal artery and the apex of the condyle or the most medial point of the condyle was 18.8\u00a0mm (range: 11.2\u201325.9\u00a0mm) or 14.5\u00a0mm (range: 8.8\u201322.9\u00a0mm) respectively. The course of the maxillary artery relative to the lateral pterygoid muscle was medial in 45.7% of cases and lateral in 54.3%. An asymmetric course was evident in 66 patients (22%). The mean distance between the maxillary artery and condylar process at the deepest point of the mandibular notch was 6.2\u00a0mm in sides exhibiting a medial course (range: 3.7\u20139.8\u00a0mm) and 6.6\u00a0mm in sides exhibiting a lateral course (range: 3.9\u201310.4\u00a0mm). The distances were significantly influenced by age, gender, and the course of the maxillary artery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our study emphasizes the marked inter- and intra-individual variability of the maxillary and middle meningeal arterial courses. We confirmed the proximity of the arteries to the condylar process. Extensive surgical experience and thorough preparation for each individual case are essential to prevent iatrogenic vascular injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-021-00960-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]],"date-time":"2021-05-23T00:02:12Z","timestamp":1621728132000},"page":"139-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Proximity of the middle meningeal artery and maxillary artery to the mandibular head and mandibular neck as revealed by three-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Daphne","family":"Sch\u00f6negg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raphael","family":"Ferrari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julian","family":"Ebner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Blumer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Martin","family":"Lanzer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Gander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,23]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"960_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.joms.2014.09.027","volume":"73","author":"EA Al-Moraissi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Al-Moraissi EA, Ellis E (2015) Surgical treatment of adult mandibular condylar fractures provides better outcomes than closed treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. 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