{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:27:30Z","timestamp":1786980450463,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642896000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001778","name":"Deakin University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001778","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Oral Maxillofac Surg"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the incidence, aetiology, and patterns of maxillofacial fracture presentations during the various stages of the 2020 Melbourne COVID-19 lockdown restrictions to periods outside lockdown in 2019 and 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This is a retrospective study of 344 subjects. The patterns of facial trauma presentations to a tertiary hospital in metropolitan Melbourne during the 2020 COVID-19 restrictions were compared to periods with no restrictions over 22\u00a0months from March 2019 to December 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The incidence of maxillofacial fractures decreased by 28% during lockdown (0.41 vs. 0.57 injuries\/day,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0003). Falls overtook interpersonal violence as the leading cause of fractures (44% of lockdown presentations vs. 25.7% of presentations outside lockdown,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.002), while sporting injuries dropped drastically (4% vs. 17.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.005). Lockdowns saw an increase in the proportion of female patients (40% vs. 26.8%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03) and a fivefold increase in proportion of domestic violence-related fractures (6.7% vs. 1.1%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.006). Alcohol-related injuries decreased significantly (11% vs. 21%,\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.03).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While restrictions reduced rates of interpersonal violence and alcohol-related maxillofacial trauma, there was a higher proportion of injuries to females, increased falls, and domestic violence-related injuries.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10006-022-01041-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,23]],"date-time":"2022-01-23T02:02:21Z","timestamp":1642903341000},"page":"125-130","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["The changing face of maxillofacial trauma during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns in Melbourne, Australia"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5037-9157","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sipho Simon","family":"Nhongo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anton","family":"Sklavos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kai","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven T. 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